List of retired Heilbronn buildings and monuments

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This page presents lost monuments in Heilbronn that were of particular architectural importance or played an important role in the history of the city of Heilbronn and that were either destroyed during the air raid on Heilbronn or have since disappeared for other reasons.

Preliminary remark

The city of Heilbronn has a rich tradition as a patrician and imperial city since the 13th century. In the historic old town there were hundreds of buildings from all eras of the eventful history. With very few exceptions, the oldest buildings were naturally in the historical center of the settlement, which stretches along the Neckar between the bulwark tower and Götzenturm and in an easterly direction to the avenue and which had been surrounded by a rectangular city wall and ditches since 1225 at the latest.

Significant building projects in the imperial city (from 1371) were initiated in particular by the council, which planned and built according to the urban economy. On the Neckar islands of Kraneninsel and Hefenweiler , the first industrial settlements emerged outside the city walls. The effects of the Thirty Years' War 1618–1648, the War of the Palatinate Succession in 1688 and a city fire in 1734 contributed to the change in the cityscape. Heilbronner Allee was created when the eastern moat was filled in to expand the city. During the first heyday of the bourgeoisie in the 18th century, magnificent Rococo buildings were built.

Modern urban planning began in Heilbronn around 1830, when the first urban planning plans were drawn up and implemented by the city architect Louis de Millas . a. the suburb of the station and the residential district of Heilbronn to the southeast emerged. Towards the end of the 19th century, according to a comprehensive urban planning plan by Reinhard Baumeister from 1872, impressive buildings were erected in the city, in which the economic upswing that had meanwhile was expressed, e.g. B. the castle-like post office on the Neckar, but also several larger barracks complexes.

The magnificent buildings around 1900 as well as medieval patrician houses, administrative and sacral buildings were usually stone houses built from the sandstone extracted from around Heilbronn , while the mostly three or four-story houses were predominantly built in Upper German half-timbered construction with overhanging storeys. From around 1850 it became fashionable to subsequently plaster half-timbered houses in order to hide the half-timbered structure. Later they went back to building with visible framework or to expose subsequently plastered framework during renovations.

During the air raid on Heilbronn on December 4, 1944, many of the monuments were lost. A total of over 5000 structures were destroyed. Only five buildings in the city center (including the meat store ) survived the air raid, and a few other monuments such as the town hall and the Kilian's Church have been reconstructed. The reconstruction of the inner city followed the historic quarters , whereby the face of the city changed completely. Some buildings have been replaced by functional new buildings (e.g. the main station and the Harmonie ).

The lost buildings of the post-war period include those buildings that, like the Stadtbad am Wollhausplatz, had to give way to the redesign of the city center into a pedestrian zone at the beginning of the 1970s, as well as the military facilities such as the Jägerhaus hospital and the various barracks that were demolished in the 1990s .

Sacred buildings

Jewish institutions at the Kieselmarkt

The Second Heilbronn Synagogue, along with other Jewish institutions, may date to the 11th century. The buildings and an old Jewish cemetery were acquired and built over by the city as early as the 15th century.

Katharinenspitalkirche

The Katharinenspital church was founded in 1306 as part of the Katharinenspital founded in the 14th century as a chapel-style after the fire in 1624 renaissance rebuilt and used until 1807 for worship. Heilbronn's municipal hospital system goes back to the Katharinenspital. After the construction of three new hospitals / hospitals at Sülmer Tor and Paulinenstraße, the Katharinenspital and the church were demolished in 1871 .

Beguinage near St. Wolfgang

From the 14th century onwards, the beguinage near St. Wolfgang in Lammgasse was a spiritual center of the city. It was destroyed in 1944.

Carmelite monastery

The foundation of the Carmelite monastery dates back to the 15th century, the structure was destroyed in 1632. The Carmelite convent house on Kirchhöfle was badly damaged in World War II and demolished after the war.

synagogue

The Heilbronn synagogue was built in 1877, burned down in 1938 and demolished in 1940.

Friedenskirche

The Friedenskirche was located in today's Friedenspark and was built from 1896 to 1899 according to plans by the architects Johannes Vollmer and Heinrich Jassoy . The church was badly damaged in air raids on November 8th and December 4th, 1944. In 1948 the ruin spire, which was in danger of collapsing, was removed. After a controversial discussion, the ruin was removed in 1952.

The tower of the Friedenskirche, the tallest structure in Heilbronn, towered over the Kilian's tower with a height of 77 m. Damaged by the air raid on Heilbronn , the spire of the Friedenskirche was blown up on September 25, 1948 at 3:13 p.m. Then a soldered copper box was found in the dome with documents that were taken to the city archive. Despite the blast of the spire, a fence had to be built around the tower of the peace church ruins on March 12, 1951 to protect passers-by from falling rocks.

Architect Hannes Mayer , who described the Friedenskirche as a base ruin, rejected a reconstruction of the Friedenskirche . The idea of leaving the tower in ruins, similar to the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin, was also ignored. On January 31, 1952, the civil engineering department and the entire Evangelical Community agreed to demolish the ruins of the Frauenkirche at short notice. The costs for this should amount to 60,000 to 80,000 DM. Despite a public controversy about whether the choir of the Friedenskirche with the fresco "The Last Judgment" by Heinrich Altherr could be preserved, the ruins of the Friedenskirche and on February 23, 1952 the remains of the church tower were blown up. The demolition was considered by many of the city's citizens to be one of Heilbronn's building sins . The location of the church was renamed from Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz to Friedensplatz in memory of this church.

Many other ruins suffered the same fate as the Friedenskirche and were blown up. Others collapsed as a result of strong storms, such as in 1948. For example, the ruins at Oststrasse 11, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse (Kaiserstrasse), Herbststrasse, Weststrasse, Oststrasse 105, Mönchseestrasse 37 and those of the Aryanized house at Wilhelmstrasse 26.

Carmelite convent house

Sacred buildings were also demolished in the post-war period . On April 12, 1953, the demolition of the ruins of the former Carmelite convent house at Kirchhöfle 1 began, and the inscription panel with the historical data of the house ended up in the Historical Museum.

Neoclassical cemetery hall in Breitenloch

In the 1960s, the neoclassical cemetery hall on the Jewish cemetery in Breitenloch was demolished .

Sontheim synagogue

In 1985 the synagogue in Sontheim was demolished because it was in disrepair.

Church of St. Cornelius and Cyprian

The church of St. Cornelius and Cyprian built by Christian Leins , a neo-Gothic sacral building in the Biberach district, was demolished in 1985 in favor of a new building.

Franciscan monastery

The Franciscan monastery was built from 1272, the associated St. Mary's Church from 1290. In 1544 the monastery was closed. The monastery building served as a school, the Marienkirche as a Protestant church. In 1688 the church was destroyed, until 1727 only the tower was rebuilt under building officer Johann Philipp Meyer. The monastery building continued to serve as a school. In 1925 a historic cloister was torn down, and in 1944 the rest of the monastery building was destroyed in the air raid on Heilbronn. On March 2, 1954, the south wall of the monastery church of the Heilbronn Franciscan monastery with its Gothic window fell. Only the tower of St. Mary's Church, now called the Hafenmarktturm , has been preserved as a monument.

Klarakloster

The Klarakloster was once located on Klarastrasse. It was founded in Flein in 1289 and moved to Heilbronn in 1301/02. In 1803 the monastery was secularized , in 1889 it was demolished. The western wall of the former Klarakloster was removed on August 11, 1955. Remnants of the foundation of a presumed pre-Staufer defense tower are said to have been found, which were also lost. Only a fragment of the wall remains of the monastery today.

Chapel of the Three Stones

The " Chapel of the Three Stones ", built in 1953, was located in the Badener Hof barracks (formerly Ludendorff barracks) on Einsteinstrasse used by American troops. A rubble stone from the Protestant Kilians Church and from the Catholic Augustine Church and a stone from the Stuttgart synagogue were built into the altar. On February 25, 1993, the Chapel of the Three Stones was canceled; today the residential area Badener Hof is located there .

Secular buildings

Public secular building

Museums

One of the most significant cultural and historical losses caused by the Second World War was the loss of the various museums, the destruction of which also resulted in the loss of most of the respective collections. In addition to the Alfred Schliz Museum in the Old Cemetery, the Historical Museum in Kramstraße with the Robert Mayer Room, the Viticulture Museum and the Beekeeping Museum (Karlstraße 44) with its unique collection of beekeeping objects that have been used since the beginning of the planned honey production were also opened a robbery of the flames.

The Robert Mayer Museum for natural science collections was located next to the beekeeping museum in the former boarding house at Karlstraße 44 from 1935 to 1944. On November 9, 1948, the building committee of the municipal council decided to leave the sandstones of the gable wall of the boarding house for the reconstruction of the property of the Heilbronn wine grower Ernst Rechenkemmer at Wollhausstrasse 51, which had been destroyed in the war.

Administrative building of the local health insurance fund

The administration building of the local health insurance fund, Allee 72 , erected in July 1913 by Emil Beutinger & Adolf Steiner, was a health care building , the ruins of which were laid down on April 20, 1951.

Liederkranz House

Heilbronn had two representative buildings for celebrations of the better society on the avenue. The ballroom of the Gesellschaft des Liederkranzes was destroyed in the war and the remains of the house were cleared on April 20, 1951. The ruins of the festival hall of the Society of Harmony were also demolished in 1954.

New law firm and syndicate building

Erected by master builder Hans Kurz from 1593, to the east bordering the town hall (where the pillared part of the town hall extension is today). Kurz had already redesigned the town hall from 1579 to 1582 and built a northern extension from 1590 to 1593. The official building, which was set back eight meters from the town hall, completed the town hall complex as it existed until it was destroyed in 1944. The Neue Kanzlei was a three-story wing building with a gable facing south. In the gable field was an imperial city eagle, which was framed by four figures. Inside the New Chancellery, the middle floor is particularly worth mentioning, which was designed as a hall with a rib-free cross vault. The Syndikatshaus was probably the office of the imperial city lawyers ( Syndici ). The three-storey building, facing south (towards the market square), had a splendid Renaissance gable and various architectural decorations. After the transition to Württemberg in 1803, the Oberamt Heilbronn was set up in the syndicate house, whose Oberamtmann was also chairman of the city court until 1819 and had council sovereignty. In 1878 the seat of the office was relocated to a new building, whereupon the syndicate building was also referred to as the Altes Oberamt . Both the New Chancellery and the Syndikatshaus were destroyed on December 4, 1944 and after the war replaced by today's town hall extension.

Kraichgau archive

Since 1619 the knightly canton Kraichgau had its office in Heilbronn. Since the council had denied the knight's canton property in Heilbronn, the city of Heilbronn under Mayor Georg Heinrich von Roßkampff built the rococo-style Kraichgau archive on Hafenmarkt by master builder Johann Christoph Keller in order to rent it to the canton, which it was until the dissolution of the imperial knighthood in 1806 used as an archive and administration building. From 1813 to 1854 the post office was housed in the building, then the office of the city of Heilbronn. On December 4, 1944, the building was destroyed, the ruins were removed in 1948. The Zimmermann clothing store was later built on this site.

Royal Hall Office

Built in 1829 on the west bank of the Wilhelmskanal. Customs and storage building for the handling of shipments, later the main customs office.

Central Station

The first Heilbronn main train station was built in 1873 according to plans by Conrad Schurr and Otto Bonhöffer, west of the old Heilbronn train station , which was built in 1848 and which quickly became too small and impractical due to its end station location facing the Neckar bank. The main station was a 143 meter long, castle-like building in the style of historicism . A two-storey central building with a triangular gable was connected by single-storey intermediate wings with three-storey front buildings. The building was reminiscent of Italian Renaissance buildings . The architectural decoration also included the coat of arms of the city, decorated keystones and three-dimensional portrait busts as well as a large clock in the gable of the central building. The main train station burned down on December 4, 1944. The demolition followed in 1956. A new building followed, today's Heilbronn main station .

Main post office

On October 15, 1875, the main post office was opened in Untere Neckarstrasse on the banks of the Neckar near the Neckar Bridge. The building was a three-story, castle-like brick building with two corner towers with an octagonal dome, which was designed and built by Schurr & Bonhöffer. The two corner towers flanked the building and formed a uniform facade facing the Neckar. The two corner turrets were supplemented in 1901 by a third tower in the middle of the facade. This tower was an eclectic style telephone carrier that was added to the building. The main post office was destroyed on December 4, 1944. After the war, the Neue Post an der Allee , built and restored before 1930, became the new main post office .

City Theatre

The old city ​​theater was the predecessor of today's Heilbronn city theater . It was built from 1911 to 1913 with funds from the citizens and according to plans by Theodor Fischer and survived the Second World War with relatively little damage. Needless to say, it was used for various purposes in the 1950s and 1960s before being blown up in 1970.

The Alleenring, which was implemented as part of Gonser's traffic planning in the 1950s, was redesigned again in the 1970s under the building mayor Herbert Haldy and the head of the urban planning office Rasso Mutzbauer, whereby here, too, the focal points at the historic location were Berliner Platz and Wollhausplatz . The city planners wanted the city center to have a metropolitan cityscape by 1980. The most important projects were two shopping centers on Wollhausplatz and Berliner Platz, with the avenue being the most important link between these two shopping centers. The old theater on Berliner Platz was blown up on July 18, 1970 in favor of a new shopping center and planned new building.

Peace mail

Heilbronn, Friedensstraße with the peace post building on the right.

In 1893 the Friedenspost , the branch post office I, was opened, which was located on the corner of Titotstrasse and Friedensstrasse (today: Gymnasiumstrasse). It was the second building (next to the Friedenskirche) that got its name from Friedensstraße. The three-storey building in the classical style with bay windows, balconies and balustrades was restored after the war with local sandstone, used for lawyers and doctors and demolished in the 1970s.

Stadtbad

→ Main article : Altes Stadtbad (Heilbronn)

The construction of the public swimming pool on Wollhausplatz was decided under Max Rosengart and two other colleagues during the impeachment proceedings against Mayor Paul Hegelmaier . Construction began in 1891. The inauguration of the city bath took place on October 22, 1892. The construction costs at that time amounted to 280,000 marks. Part of the construction costs were covered by a foundation from the Heilbronn businessman Ernst Achtung . The building was designed in the Wilhelmine Baroque by the architect Peters from Berlin.

In 1900/01 the pool was enlarged and a swimming pool was added for the female guests. There were also steam baths, sweat rooms and bathtubs there. On September 6, 1934, Jewish citizens were prohibited from entering the Stadtbad because it had developed into a synagogue branch . On December 4, 1944, the building was destroyed in an air raid on Heilbronn.

After the Second World War, the building was reconstructed in the local style. The entrance portal was stripped of its pompous tympanum and replaced by simple square sandstone columns. Overall, after the war, the building looked like a thermal bath from ancient Rome. The bath was reopened on December 21, 1950. On February 19, 1972, the building had to give way to the new Wollhauszentrum and the associated large-scale redesign of Wollhausplatz. A new public bath was built on the bulwark tower.

The demolition of the old bath was justified with a new dominant urban development, which should represent Heilbronn as a shopping town and regional center of the Franconian region. Willy Schwarz was the only one in the Heilbronn municipal council to vote against, criticizing the intrusion into the cityscape as brutal and believing that the city would lose its tradition. Years later, Heilbronn citizens remembered the old city baths on Wollhausplatz and the old theater on Berliner Platz and warned that the old city should be preserved and not everything destroyed.

Old harmony building

The harmony building was a society house with a festival hall on Allee 32. It was one of the magnificent buildings on Heilbronner Allee and was a representative festival hall built from 1876 to 1878 for the better society of the city in the period before the First World War . After the building was destroyed in World War II, a new harmony designed by Kurt Marohn was built in its place .

House Fleiner Strasse 26

The house at Fleiner Strasse 26 around 1926

The house at Fleiner Straße 26 was built in 1792 by master builder Krutthofen from Zweibrücken for the later archivist August Uhl and has been a listed building since 1927 at the latest. In 1898 the Cluss brewery acquired the house, which in 1900 added the large hall known as Kilianshallen . The Kammer-Lichtspiele opened there in 1919 and expanded into the Kilianshallen Film Palace in 1927. From 1931 the cinema was called Ufa-Palast. The building was destroyed in 1944 and rebuilt in 1949 as a cinema with a restaurant, café, offices and apartments. In 1963, Kaiser's coffee shop converted the cinema into a grocery store and a parking deck.

Moltke barracks

Built in Bismarckstrasse from 1880 onwards, from 1883 it was occupied by parts of the 4th Württemberg Infantry Regiment 122. This regiment is still remembered today by memorials in the Friedenspark. The garrison was disbanded in 1921. Used by the Wehrmacht and renamed Moltkekaserne in 1934. The building survived the air raid damaged and was renamed Frankenhof in 1948 . In 1952, the Frankenhof was the largest ruin that survived the war relatively unscathed. Discussions about the reconstruction continued for a long time:

“After the tear-down troop didn't leave much to themselves in Heilbronn, the Moltke barracks, now called Frankenhof, is the largest ruin that reminds of the terrible night of war. Since it belongs not to the city but to the state, the decision about its fate takes correspondingly longer. In any case, the rumors that the barracks are to be rebuilt are not a true word. If one thinks of a reconstruction, the old walls will certainly be torn down completely, as defiant as the crenellated towers look now "

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On June 18, 1955, the demolition of the Moltke barracks on Kernerstrasse, which had been built in 1878, began.

Ludendorff barracks

Built in 1935 in Ludendorffstrasse (today: Einsteinstrasse) by the Wehrmacht, the barracks served as a camp for refugees after 1945 and was renamed Badener-Hof-Kaserne in 1948. American troops occupied the facility from 1952 to 1992. After their withdrawal, the demolition and rebuilding of the Badener Hof residential area took place in 1994 .

Schlieffenkaserne

Like the Ludendorff barracks built in 1935 by the Wehrmacht on Schlieffenstrasse (today: John-F.-Kennedy-Strasse), it was used as a transit camp after the war and was renamed Hessenhof in 1948. From 1952 to 1992 the barracks was occupied by American troops and was renamed Wharton Barracks . In 1992 the building was partially demolished and since 1999 it has been rebuilt as the Schwabenhof business park .

Priest forest barracks

Built in 1936 by the Wehrmacht as the fourth and last barracks in Heilbronn in the vicinity of the Schlieffenkaserne on Tiroler Straße (today: Charlottenstraße), it was a transitional camp after the war and was renamed Schwabenhof in 1948, part of the Wharton Barracks from 1952 to 1992 , after 1992 Asylum seekers' home, then demolition. Since 1999 new development as the Schwabenhof business park .

Jägerhaus Hospital

Built in 1896 as a military hospital on Jägerhausstrasse, enlarged by the Wehrmacht from 1938 to 1940. City hospital after the war. After 1989 the hospital moved to the new building at Gesundbrunnen, then demolished. In 2000, the clinic on Jägerhausstrasse, a former garrison hospital that had been bought by the local authority after the First World War, was demolished. Today the area is built over with a housing estate.

Private secular building

Other ruins

Many other ruins suffered the same fate as that of the Friedenskirche and were blown up. Others collapsed as a result of strong storms, such as in 1948. For example, the ruins at Oststrasse 11, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse (Kaiserstrasse), Herbststrasse, Weststrasse, Oststrasse 105, Mönchseestrasse 37 and that of the aryanized house on Wilhelmstrasse 26. In 1939, the ruins became the house at Wilhelmstrasse 26 was sold to the city for around 30,000 RM as part of the Aryanization process, the purchase value being 35,100 RM, and then housed the NSDAP local branch Rosenberg and the apartment of the deputy district leader, Rector Georg Zeller. Parts were resold to the Weisert company. Damaged in the war, the ruins collapsed after a strong storm on January 9, 1948. After the house was returned to its rightful owner on March 2, 1950, Oppenheimer received 700 DM for the use of his house.

Various buildings in Böckingen

Various buildings in Böckingen were also demolished in the post-war period. In April 1953 the remaining ruins of the Gasthaus zur Sonne in Böckingen on the corner of Stedinger- / Kirchstrasse were demolished, followed by the demolition of the old Böckinger gym on March 23, 1954. On November 10, 1954, the former sheep house in Böckingen became one the oldest building in town, removed in favor of a new construction on Schuchmannstrasse.

Industrial buildings

On July 13, 2009, the demolition of the last of the remaining buildings of the former Schaeuffelen paper mill began . It was "at times the most modern paper mill in Germany" and was "one of the few industrial buildings that still exist in Heilbronn in this form and from that time."

Commercial and commercial bank

On December 14, 1948, the ruins of the trading and commercial bank on the northeast corner of Kaiserstraße / Allee were removed down to the ground floor, with a painting exhibition by Hermann Busse still taking place there on April 19, 1953.

Head office building on the corner of Klara- and Hohe Strasse

On August 31, 1953, the ruins of the former Oberamt building on the corner of Klara and Hohe Strasse were demolished.

Deutschhof

On December 9, 1954, two gables, one in the Kleiner Deutschhof and the second on Eichgasse; the Deutschhof ruin canceled.

Car hall for the tram in

In 1969 a car shed for the tram in Neckargartach, built in 1928, was demolished.

Publishing houses

Important buildings were preserved as ruins and continued to be used; for example the printing and publishing house of Kraemer- Verlag, which is located at Hohen Strasse 10-12 and Klarastrasse 18 and expanded in 1899 , publisher of the Neckar newspaper , the Heilbronner General-Anzeiger , von Dorf und Stadt and the Heilbronner Abend-Zeitung . The house, bought cheaply by the National Socialists in 1934, housed the labor, food and welfare office during the war. The building, which was destroyed in the war, was preserved as a ruin in the post-war period, although it was demolished to the ground floor level on October 14, 1948 and housed the Vogelmann, Hänsch opticians, the KPD Heilbronn office and nine shops there. Instead of rebuilding the building, the ruins were removed down to the foundations on February 21, 1955. The printing and publishing house of Otto Weber Verlag was located in the building of the commercial and commercial college on the north-east corner of Weinsberger and Gartenstrasse until 1928 and was partially demolished on September 1, 1948, with the ground floor being preserved and continued to be used.

Fleiner-Tor house on the right

Buildings and facilities of foreign authorities

The Kaisheimer Hof at Schulgasse 3–5 had been owned by the Kaisheim Monastery since 1462 . After being destroyed several times, it was last rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1733, and the monastery property was secularized in 1803. Only the coat of arms of the imperial abbey at Sülmerstrasse 24 reminds of the complex that was destroyed in World War II.

The Schöntaler yard goes right back to the 14th century and was used as Pfleghof extensively remodeled the monastery Schöntal to 1600th The building was destroyed in World War II, and part of the facade that had been preserved was blown up in 1949.

Foreign rulers like the Kraichgau knighthood, the Schöntal monastery or the Kaisheim monastery had possessions in Heilbronn. The Kraichgau Archive was damaged in the war and its ruins were torn down by December 14, 1948. The building was a listed building and on June 9, 1950, the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments removed it from the list of monuments. The Schöntaler Hof was destroyed in the air raid on Heilbronn, with the southern wall of the Schöntaler Hof at Deutschhofstrasse 13, which was the only part of the facade that had survived the air raid, was blown up on January 25, 1949. A stone plaque on the north wall, commemorating the stay of Emperor Charles V in 1546/1547 in the Schöntaler Hof, and a console from the 16th century were recovered from the demolition. The ruins of the Kaisheimer Hof , which had been destroyed in the war, were torn down, although a development plan published by Prof. Hans Volkart on November 9, 1947, provided for the building to be reconstructed.

Patrician houses

Haus Schwarz
(2nd from left)

Important patrician houses such as the Aff , Imlin , Rauch and Schwarz families adorned the old town and were destroyed in the air raid on Heilbronn. The still preserved north gable wall of the Gasthaus zur Sonne , once a patrician farm in Aff , was demolished on February 28, 1949. Also the Imlin'sche house was in much more and has been removed. On February 26, 1948, the inner walls and on September 1, 1948 the façade of the Rauch'schen Palais that had been preserved, were demolished, although a building plan published by Prof. Hans Volkart on November 9, 1947 provided for the reconstruction of the building. The reconstruction of the Schwarz'schen Palais was not approved for urban planning reasons and in 1950 the facade on the market square, which had been preserved from the Wilhelminian era, was torn down, where the town hall extension is today.

Villa architecture

Heilbronn had villa architecture from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which was partly of national importance and arose in the immediate south of the historic old town. "Countless top-class" villas were lost in the air raid on Heilbronn and in the post-war period. On September 1, 1948, the ruins of Villa Härle on Synagogenweg, built in 1867 in the Italian country house style , were demolished. In 1970, when Villa Rümelin at Lerchenstrasse 74 was demolished, a work by Hermann Muthesius was lost. In 1973 the Villa Pfleiderer was demolished , built in 1907/1908 by the architects Emil Beutinger & Steiner for the manufacturer Walter Brüggemann.

Shopfitting

The shops built by Ensle between October and mid-December 1948 on the area of ​​the former Rauch'schen Palais on the market square were demolished in 1968. In September 1956, after the contracts with the tenants had expired, the shops on the corner of Wollhausstrasse and Klarastrasse were demolished. On March 8, 1954, the property was sold to the Kreissparkasse Heilbronn. The Merkur department store , built according to plans by Egon Eiermann and Robert Hilgers , was located on Fleiner Straße from 1951 to 1968 . The building was the company's first post-war new building, but had to give way to the Horten building after only 17 years. The rows of shops on Bahnhofsstraße in Bauhaus style, which had been built in 1928 as a 100 m long, single-storey building with two-storey parts at the ends and in the middle, were demolished in 1989.

Crow

The crow

At Fischergasse 47 there was a half-timbered house with a crooked hipped roof, popularly known as the Rooker , which was built around 1400 on the foundations of the castle gate (later also: sow or watering gate). The Kirchbrunnenbach once flowed through the ground floor of the house and the cattle were driven to the Neckar through the gate. The house marked the location of the oldest Neckar bridge in Heilbronn, which was replaced by a new bridge with a bridge gate around 1350 a little further north. In 1691 the building served again as the gate of a wooden makeshift bridge after the stone Neckar bridge had been destroyed by ice drift.

Lachmann's house

In Klostergasse 4 there was a stately patrician house until the war was destroyed, which in 1526 belonged to the reformer Johann Lachmann . The house was dated on an archway to 1433, making it the earliest dated house in town. The neighboring building, Klostergasse 2, is said to have been of a similar age.

Orth'sches house

The Orth had the Orth'sche Haus built in Franconian half-timbered style on a stone ground floor in the remains of a stone house in what was then Kramstrasse (later Kaiserstrasse 20). The family provided six mayors of Heilbronn , starting with Philipp Orth .

The council minutes speak of the house "on the burned down". This could mean the old Heilbronn town hall , which burned down in 1535, on the corner of Kaiserstraße and Mosergasse. Mosergasse was not built until the late 16th century, when Kirchbrunnenstraße in Heilbronn was being built. The house is easy to see on old photos. It was the only house in Kaiserstraße near Kasernengasse that was "wedged" between old walls to the right and left of the house and, based on an old agreement, was allowed to protrude further into Kaiserstraße than the other houses. The stone façade of the previous building facing Kaiserstraße was no longer there and so the half-timbered façade of the Orth'schen new building was erected between the two remaining Staufer walls on the side . During excavations in 1951, the foundations of the Staufer stone house were proven again.

Until 1901 there was a Gothic cross vault on the stone ground floor, which was then torn down when it was converted into the Zügel fashion store. The converted house was destroyed in 1944.

Imlin's house

The Imlinsche Haus was a 16th century patrician house on Kirchbrunnenstraße, built around 1580 for Mayor Clement Imlin . The first three floors were built from solid sandstone, the other three attic floors were designed as Alemannic-Franconian half-timbered gables. Another special feature of the house was the sandstone bay window, which was executed by Hans Kurz . According to the chronicle, the house is said to have stood on older Romanesque columns. The old German wine bar Zum Käthchen , which was located in the building in the 19th century, was also known. The house was completely destroyed on December 4, 1944.

House Siebeneich

House Siebeneichgasse 3

Formerly a listed patrician house from 1581 in Siebeneichgasse 1–7 with abundant Franconian half-timbered decorations that had disappeared behind plastering. The buildings of the complex were characterized by large cantilevers and dwarf houses , which served as elevator gables . They are dated to the year 1430. The house no. 5 therefore had corbels that were Gothic. The Gothic was expressed there in broad, triple- curved corbels. The Siebeneich family had been in Heilbronn since 1374, and the alley had been named after 1588 at the latest. A connection with the gentlemen von Siebeneich (near Öhringen ) is obvious, but not proven. Due to the large and deep vaulted cellars and a Christian ceiling painting in the stairwell, it is assumed that the buildings also originated in monastery ownership. Other owners of the property included u. a. Mayor Simon Weinmann the Elder (1534–1606). In 1815 the bailiff's widow von Bühler, née Countess von Lerchenfeld, lived in the property and was visited there by Tsar Alexander of Russia. From 1906 the building housed Gustav Friedrich Störzbach's grocery store, with its own printing and joinery. Störzbach chose a seven-branch oak as the company logo, based on the company headquarters. The Siebeneich house was completely destroyed in the air raid on December 4, 1944, killing the company founder, his wife and his son.

Bläßsches Palais

The Bläß'sche Palais was built in 1758 under Mayor Georg Heinrich von Roßkampff , probably by the Neckarsulm master builder Wenger, south of the city wall (at today's Berliner Platz ) as a municipal work, breeding and orphanage. After Roßkampff's death in 1794, the city quickly closed the facility again. In 1803 the building was sold to the Elector of Württemberg, who had it converted into a royal palace with a surrounding park by court architect Thouret. In 1828 the property came to the Heilbronn entrepreneur CB Bläß, who ran a vinegar and white lead factory.

As a work, breeding and orphanage ( Bläß'sches Palais ) it was one of the buildings and institutions of social welfare. Badly damaged in the war, the southeast corner of the palace collapsed on February 5, 1948, whereupon the demolition of the palace was advertised on October 5, 1951 in the official gazette.

Roßkampf's house

Also built by Roßkampff and from 1790 his house at Presencegasse 16 (today at the corner of Allee and Kaiserstr.). Destroyed in 1944.

Rauch'sches Palais

The Rauch'sche Palais was built in 1804-07 on the corner of Kaiserstraße / Marktplatz according to plans by Nikolas Alexandre de Salins de Montfort and Johann Jakob Atzel for the merchants Christian von Rauch (1752-1808) and Moriz von Rauch (1754-1819). Gottlob Georg Barth designed the complex interior of the house. Rebuilt in 1877 in the neo-renaissance style by Robert von Reinhardt . Destroyed in 1944 and then replaced by a much simpler building. After the war, the rooms of the building were used by the Stoffhaus Model, founded in 1888, whose main building at Sülmerstrasse 39 was rebuilt by 1951. At the end of 1948, the Rauch'sche Palais was demolished.

Knorr administration building

The Knorr building before 1900

The former administration building of the Knorr company was a castle-like Wilhelminian style building with a square, tinned corner tower and a second, round tower with a pointed roof. During the expansion of the Neckar Canal in 1921 , the canal construction office under Otto Konz had its seat in the building.

Hotel / Cafe Royal

At the corner of Bahnhofstrasse and Roßkampffstrasse, the Hotel Royal was built in the style of a castle in 1904 in the style of eclecticism with neo-Gothic corner turrets (castle character) and neo-baroque tail gables and bay windows. Damaged in 1944, the building was reconstructed as a Café Royal , but without reconstructing the fourth floor with its baroque-style curved tail gable. Famous chess clubs are said to have made guest appearances there. In the 1950s, the Café Royal was demolished in favor of a new building.

More buildings

Other buildings emerging from the mass of destroyed buildings include Gasthaus zur Sonne , Schwarzsche Haus , Haus Allee 70 , Haus Allee 72 , Haus Kaiserstraße 23 1/2 , Haus Kaiserstraße 27 , Haus Kaiserstraße 40 , the House Wilhelmstrasse 26 and the residential buildings Innsbrucker Strasse 27 and 29 .

  • Imlin's house, photo from 1894

  • Imlin's house inside 1896

  • Haus Siebeneich (Weinmann's house) next to the portal, with bay window and consoles

Other structures

Kaiser Friedrich Monument

The Kaiser Friedrich Memorial was melted down in 1918. So it met the same fate as z. B. also the bells of the Pankratiuskirche in Böckingen or those of the Peterskirche in Neckargartach.

  • Kaiser Friedrich Monument

City fortifications

The Fleiner Gate around 1820 (painted 1865/70)

Another ruin that suffered the same fate as the Friedenskirche and was blown up was the city's medieval fortifications. The city wall, originally 2,400 m long and completed at the end of the 14th century, had been torn down since 1804 - to a greater extent in 1849 - to make way for traffic. The remaining 110 m long on the banks of the Neckar was blown up on August 3, 1949. The Fleinertorturm, part of the city fortifications and first documented in 1324, was demolished in 1819/20 and a lattice gate with two gatekeeper houses was built in its place. Although the local council had unanimously decided on November 11, 1948 to rebuild the gatekeeper houses at Fleinertor in their old form, they were removed from the state monument list and broken off on June 13, 1950, due to a resolution by the local council's interior committee.

See also

literature

  • Hartwig Beseler: War fates of German architecture. Volume 2 . License issue. Karl Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1988, ISBN 3-926642-22-X

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. P. 265.
  2. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. P. 483.
  3. ↑ Kilian Krauth: Her spirit still hovers over the grass. In: Heilbronn voice .
  4. ↑ The end of the Friedenskirche. In: Neckar-Echo. No. 46 of February 25, 1952.
  5. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1952–1957. P. 7.
  6. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1952–1957. P. 9.
  7. ↑ Uwe Jacobi: Second Destruction . In: That was the 20th century in Heilbronn . Wartberg, Heilbronn 2001, ISBN 3-86134-703-2 , p. 56 and The Second Destruction , Heilbronner Voice, February 21, 2008
  8. ↑ Article in the Heilbronner Voice of September 9, 2000, p. 24: The bridge to the city from the series: Heilbronn - a lost cityscape - tower over the Kaiserstraße .
  9. ↑ a b Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. P. 200, p. 220, p. 373.
  10. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1952–1957. P. 108.
  11. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1952–1957. P. 178.
  12. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1952–1957. P. 285.
  13. ↑ Zimmermann / Schrenk: … Heilbronn Klarakloster. P. 18.
  14. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. P. 279.
  15. ^ Lattner / Hennze: Silent contemporary witnesses. P. 45: Moments of edification - urban self-confidence and urban planning - Heilbronn is growing steadily .
  16. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. P. 494.
  17. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. P. 290 and p. 494.
  18. ^ Jacobi: Heilbronn as it was , Droste 1987
  19. ↑ Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures . 3. Edition. Konrad, Weißenhorn 1966 (publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn. Volume 14). Picture No. 64, p. 50f [The main train station under construction, 1873]
  20. ↑ Fekete among others: Monument topography. P. 55.
  21. ^ Reitmann: The avenue in Heilbronn. Functional change in a street. P. 39.
  22. ↑ Helmut Schmolz Hubert Weckbach Heilbronn The old town in words and pictures Konrad-Verlag, Heilbronn, 1967 No. 42 “Stadtbad” p. 30
  23. ↑ Schmolz, Helmut u. Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn - history and life of a city, Weißenhorn, Anton H. Konrad-Verlag, 2nd edition 1973, No. 580 "Demolition of the old city bath on Wollhausplatz, February 19, 1972", p. 169
  24. ^ Jacobi, Uwe: That was the 20th century in Heilbronn, Wartberg-Verlag, Heilbronn, 1st edition 2001, p. 38
  25. ^ Schmolz / Weckbach: Demolition of the old city bath at Wollhausplatz, February 19, 1972. In: Heilbronn. History and life of a city. No. 580, p. 169.
  26. ↑ Article in the Heilbronner Voice of October 8, 2005 by Bärbel Kistner: Once celebrated as an urban planning throw and article in the Heilbronner Voice of October 29, 2005 by Bärbel Kistner: How Heilbronn should become a city
  27. ↑ Heilbronner Voice Online, February 25, 2012: Stadtbad Heilbronn: Victims of the zeitgeist of the 70s .
  28. ^ Heilbronner Voice Online, November 15, 2012: 30 years of the Stadttheater am Berliner Platz
  29. ↑ Entry on the Kilianshallen hall; Variété theater in the HEUSS database of the Heilbronn City Archives , collection of contemporary history, call number ZS-5911
  30. ↑ Entry on the Kilianshallen Film Palace; Cinema, movie theater in the HEUSS database of the Heilbronn City Archives, contemporary history collection, signature ZS-6054
  31. ↑ Heilbronn voice . No. 193 , August 20, 1952, p. 3 .
  32. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1952–1957. P. 274.
  33. ↑ The modern architecture in Heilbronn . In: Germany's urban development: Heilbronn a. N. Edited and published by the city administration, 2nd edition, DARI Deutscher Architektur- und Industrie-Verlag , Berlin-Halensee 1928, p. 51.
  34. ^ Demolition in the east of Heilbronn - end of a clinic, article in Neckar-Express of September 27, 2000, No. 39, p. 2.
  35. ↑ Renz / Schlösser: Chronik Heilbronn… 1945–1951 p. 200, 373.
  36. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1952–1957. P. 110.
  37. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1952–1957. P. 102.
  38. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1952–1957. P. 231.
  39. ↑ Article by Kilian Krauth in Heilbronner Voice of July 21, 2009: Diggers create space for campus and articles in the Neckarexpress from Wednesday, July 15, 2009 (an architectural witness must now give way to progress).
  40. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. P. 288 and Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1952–1957. P. 109.
  41. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1952–1957. P. 137.
  42. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1952–1957. P. 237.
  43. ↑ Gottfried Bauer: Harmony, please !. P. 223.
  44. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. P. 259 f and p. 271 and Renz / Schlösser: Chronik Heilbronn… 1952–1957. P. 251.
  45. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. P. 288 and p. 398.
  46. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. P. 298.
  47. ↑ Quattländer: Heilbronn - planning the reconstruction of the Old Town. P. 47 and p. 70, illustration no. 48 and no. 69.
  48. ↑ Dumitrache / Haag: Archaeological city cadastre…. P. 158 [Patrizierhof Aff / Wirtshaus Sonne, departed].
  49. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. P. 305.
  50. ^ The second destruction , article in the Heilbronner Voice dated February 21, 2008.
  51. ↑ Fekete: Art and cultural monuments…. P. 16 f.
  52. ↑ Quattländer: Heilbronn - planning the reconstruction of the Old Town. P. 47, p. 52 and p. 70, illustration no. 48, no. 55 [The market square, urban design by Prof. Volkart December 1, 1947] and no. 69.
  53. ↑ The second destruction , article in the Heilbronner Voice of February 21, 2008 and Renz / Schlösser: Chronik Heilbronn… 1945–1951, p. 228, p. 260 (Rauch'sches Palais) and Schrenk / Weckbach: “… for your account and Danger". Invoices and letterheads Heilbronner Firmen, p. 104 [Heinrich Schwarz - invoice issued on June 4, 1904].
  54. ↑ Fekete: Art and cultural monuments…. P. 21 and p. 50.
  55. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. P. 259 f.
  56. ^ Lattner / Hennze: Silent contemporary witnesses…. P. 9 and Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. Pp. 422, 501,504, 518, 521. (Villa Rümelin)
  57. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. P. 228, p. 260, p. 271, p. 277, p. 288 (Rauch's palace or shops in place of the earlier Rauch's palace).
  58. ^ Jacobi: That was the 20th century in Heilbronn. P. 60.
  59. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1952–1957. P. 179.
  60. ↑ Uwe Jacobi: Heilbronn - Days that moved the city , Heilbronn 2007, p. 22.
  61. ^ Jacobi: That was the 20th century in Heilbronn. P. 32 and Feitenhansl: Heilbronn train station - its reception building from 1848, 1874 and 1958. P. 158.
  62. ↑ Source about the Hohkrähe house: Willi Zimmermann: Alt-Heilbronner half-timbered buildings . In: Heilbronn Historical Association. 23. Publication . Historischer Verein Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1960. pp. 115-134
  63. ^ Marianne Dumitrache, Simon M. Haag: Archaeological city cadastre Baden-Württemberg. Vol. 8: Heilbronn . Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg , Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-927714-51-8 . P. 113, No. 77 chapel / patrician house Orth
  64. ↑ Schmolz / Weckbach 1966 The old town in words and pictures p. 29
  65. ^ Robert Bauer: Heilbronner Tagebuchblätter , Heilbronn 1949, pp. 118/119.
  66. ↑ Dumitrache / Haag: Archaeological city cadastre…. P. 127 [orphanage, breeding and workhouse, gone].
  67. ^ Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. P. 225 and p. 535.
  68. ↑ Dumitrache / Haag: Archaeological city cadastre…. P. 91 [City fortifications] and P. 94 [Fleinertor with gate tower and bridge over the city moat, removed] and Renz / Schlösser: Chronicle Heilbronn… 1945–1951. P. 279 and P. 399 and Jacobi: That was the 20th century in Heilbronn. P. 54.