List of the largest domes of their time
The following tables list the largest domes of their time , each sorted according to the size of the inner diameter.
A dome is a self-supporting, bell-shaped or hemispherical structural element of architecture. It is considered a particularly demanding construction task.
*) Since this article is still under construction, the data in the Record held column are still to be regarded as preliminary results.
Worldwide
Below is a list of the buildings that are believed to have * held the record for the world's largest dome of their time; sorted in ascending order by diameter.
Record held | diameter | Surname | place | builder | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1250 BC BC - 1st century BC Chr. |
14.5 m | Treasury of Atreus | Mycenae , Greece | City-state of Mycenae | Cantilever vault |
1st century BC BC - 19 BC Chr. |
21.5 m | Temple of Mercury | Baiae , Italy | Roman Empire | first large dome |
19 BC BC - early 2nd century | 25.0 m |
Agrippathermen , 'Arco della Ciambella' |
Rome , Italy | Roman Empire | first thermal bath in Rome with domed central building |
Early 2nd century - 128 | 30.0 m | Thermae of Trajan | Rome , Italy | Roman Empire | Semi-dome |
128-1436 | 43.4 m | Pantheon | Rome , Italy | Roman Empire | largest non-reinforced concrete dome up to the present day; probably the best preserved Roman building in Rome; A role model for western domed architecture up to the 20th century; exact year of completion not known for sure |
1436-1873 | 42-45 m | Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore | Florence , Italy | City-state of Florence | first double-skinned dome of the Renaissance |
1873-1937 | 108 m | rotunda | Vienna , Austria | Harkort factory | steel structure clad with wood and plaster; various architects |
1957-1963 | 109.0 m | Belgrade Fair, Hall 1 | Belgrade , Serbia | Belgrade Fair | largest prestressed concrete dome in the world |
1963-1965 | 121.9 m | Assembly Hall | Champaign , USA | University of Illinois | Reinforced concrete; Architect Max Abramovitz |
1965-1975 | 195.5 m (642 ft) |
Reliant Astrodome | Houston , USA | HA Lott, Inc. | Steel frame construction; first fully roofed and air-conditioned stadium in the world |
1975-2001 | 207 m (678 ft) |
Louisiana Superdome | New Orleans , USA | Architects Curtis & Davis, Statik Sverdrup & Parcel , executed by the American Bridge Company | Steel frame construction; Designer Nathaniel Curtis |
2001-2009 | 274 m | Kyushu Sekiyu Dome | Ōita , Japan | Designer Kishō Kurokawa | |
2009 - today | 275 m | AT&T Stadium | Arlington , USA | HKS, Inc. |
Sorted by continents
Below is a list of the buildings that probably * held the title of the largest dome of their time on their respective continent.
Europe
Record held | diameter | Surname | place | builder | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1250 BC BC - 1st century BC Chr. |
14.5 m | Treasury of Atreus | Mycenae , Greece | City-state of Mycenae | Cantilever vault |
1st century BC BC - 19 BC Chr. |
21.5 m | Temple of Mercury | Baiae , Italy | Roman Empire | first large dome |
19 BC BC - early 2nd century | 25.0 m |
Agrippathermen , 'Arco della Ciambella' |
Rome , Italy | Roman Empire | first thermal bath in Rome with domed central building |
Early 2nd century - 128 | 30.0 m | Thermae of Trajan | Rome , Italy | Roman Empire | Semi-dome |
128-1436 | 43.4 m | Pantheon | Rome , Italy | Roman Empire | largest unreinforced concrete dome up to the present day; best preserved Roman building in Rome; Model character for western domed architecture up to the 20th century. |
1436-1873 | 42-45 m | Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore | Florence , Italy | City-state of Florence | first double-skinned dome of the Renaissance |
1873-1957 | 108 m | rotunda | Vienna , Austria | Harkort factory | steel structure clad with wood and plaster; various architects |
1957-2012 | 109.0 m | Belgrade Fair, Hall 1 | Belgrade , Serbia | Belgrade Fair | largest prestressed concrete dome in the world |
2012 - 2012 | 120 m | Balances2 | Rheinfelden , Switzerland | Haring & Co. | largest wooden dome in Europe; De-icing salt depot of the Swiss Rhine Saltworks |
2012 - today | 144 m | ENEL domes | Civitavecchia, Italy | ENEL | largest aluminum dome in Europe, winner of the ALUMIMUM AWARD 2012; Manufacturer: Mero-TSK; Coal store |
In the first half of the 1980s, a domed hall with a diameter of 234 m was built near Istra in Russia, but it collapsed on January 29, 1985, see Istra high-voltage test hall .
America
Record held | diameter | Surname | place | builder | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1864-1902 | 29.0 m | Capitol | Washington DC , USA | United States | Architect Thomas Walter |
1902-1963 | 59.45 m | West Baden Springs Hotel | West Baden, USA | Lee Wiley Sinclair | Steel-and-glass dome; Architect Harrison Albright |
1963-1965 | 121.9 m | Assembly Hall | Champaign , USA | University of Illinois | Reinforced concrete; Architect Max Abramovitz |
1965-1975 | 195.5 m (642 ft) |
Reliant Astrodome | Houston , USA | HA Lott, Inc. | Steel frame construction; first fully roofed and air-conditioned stadium in the world |
1975-2009 | 207 m (678 ft) |
Louisiana Superdome | New Orleans , USA | Architects Curtis & Davis, Statik Sverdrup & Parcel , executed by the American Bridge Company | Steel frame construction; Designer Nathaniel Curtis |
2009 - today | 275 m | AT&T Stadium | Arlington, Texas , USA | HKS, Inc. |
Asia
Record held | diameter | Surname | place | builder | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
691-1659 | 20.40 m | Dome of the Rock | Jerusalem | Umayyad Empire | first monumental building of Islam; built in the Byzantine architectural style |
1550-1557 | 27.25 m | Suleymaniye Mosque | Istanbul, Turkey | Architect Sinan, Ottoman Empire | Built by order of Sultan Suleyman. |
1569-1575 | 30.28 m | Selimiye Mosque | Istanbul, Turkey | Architect Sinan, Ottoman Empire | Commissioned by Sultan Selim II and completed by the son Sultan Murat III. |
1659-1960 | 37 m | Gol Gumbaz | Bijapur , India | Adil Shahi Sultans of Bijapur | Tomb of the Sultan Mohammed Adil Shah (1627–1657); Cantilever dome made of layers of brick embedded in cement mortar; Trumpet dome |
1960-2001 | 108 m | Araneta Coliseum | Quezon City , Philippines | J. Amado Araneta | the world's largest covered sports arena when it opens |
2001 - today | 274 m | Kyushu Sekiyu Dome | Ōita , Japan | Designer Kishō Kurokawa |
Africa
Record held | diameter | Surname | place | builder | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1988-1997 | 90 m | Notre-Dame de la Paix basilica | Yamoussoukro , Ivory Coast | Ivory Coast | following the model of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome built |
1997 - today | 140.0 m | Coca-Cola Dome | Johannesburg , South Africa | ? | Sports arena |
Sorted by building materials
Below is a list of the buildings that presumably * held the title of the world's largest dome of their time, differentiated according to building materials.
stone
Record held | diameter | Surname | place | builder | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1250 BC BC - AD 150/175 |
14.5 m | Treasury of Atreus | Mycenae , Greece | City-state of Mycenae | Cantilever vault |
150/175 AD - today | 15.0 m | West thermal baths | Gerasa , Jordan | Roman Empire | one of the first wedge stone domes with a square floor plan |
Concrete, unreinforced
Record held | diameter | Surname | place | builder | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st century BC BC - 1st century BC Chr. |
6.52 m |
Stabianer Thermen , Laconicum |
Pompeii , Italy | Roman Empire | Conical vault (early form of the dome); oldest known concrete dome |
1st century BC Chr. - 128 AD |
21.5 m | Temple of Mercury | Baiae , Italy | Roman Empire | first large dome |
128 - today | 43.4 m | Pantheon | Rome , Italy | Roman Empire | largest unreinforced concrete dome up to the present day; probably the best preserved Roman building in Rome; Model character for western domed architecture up to the 20th century. |
Masonry
Record held | diameter | Surname | place | builder | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2nd century - approx. 150 | 11.5 m | Red hall | Pergamon , Turkey | Roman Empire | brick |
approx. 150 - early 4th century | 23.85 m | Zeus Asclepius Temple | Pergamon , Turkey | Roman Empire | first large dome made of (radially placed) bricks |
Early 4th century - 563 | 24.15 m | Rotunda (Thessaloniki) | Thessaloniki , Greece | Roman Empire | radially placed bricks |
563-1436 | 31.5 m | Hagia Sophia | Istanbul , Turkey | Eastern Roman Empire | first pendentive dome in history; completed in 537, rebuilt after earthquake in 563; Builder Anthemios von Tralleis and Isidore von Milet |
1436 - today | 42-45 m | Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore | Florence , Italy | City-state of Florence | first double-skinned dome of the Renaissance |
Hollow clay body
Record held | diameter | Surname | place | builder | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early 3rd century - 216 | 12.0 m | Aquae Flavianae thermal baths | El Hammam, Algeria | Roman Empire | nested clay tubes |
216 - today | 35.08 m |
Baths of Caracalla , Caldarium |
Rome , Italy | Roman Empire | nested amphorae |
Wood
Record held | diameter | Surname | place | builder | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
691-1781 | 20.40 m | Dome of the Rock | Jerusalem | Umayyad Empire | first monumental building of Islam; built in the Byzantine architectural style |
1781-1977 | 36.0 m | St. Blasien Cathedral | St. Blasien | Benedictine | third largest European cathedral at the time of its construction; Wooden structure replaced by iron arch ribs and prestressed concrete after fire in 1874 |
1977-1983 | 153.0 m | Walkup Skydome | Flagstaff , USA | University of Northern Arizona | Geodesic dome |
1983-1991 | 161.5 m | Tacoma Dome | Tacoma , USA | City of Tacoma | Geodesic dome |
1991 - today | 163.4 m | Superior dome | Marquette, USA | State of Michigan | Geodesic dome |
cast iron
Record held | diameter | Surname | place | builder | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1864 - today | 29.0 m | Capitol | Washington DC , USA | United States | Cast iron ; Architect Thomas Walter |
steel
Record held | diameter | Surname | place | builder | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1873-1965 | 108 m | rotunda | Vienna , Austria | Harkort factory | steel structure clad with wood and plaster; various architects |
1965-1975 | 195.5 m (642 ft) |
Reliant Astrodome | Houston , USA | HA Lott, Inc. | Steel frame construction; first fully covered and air-conditioned stadium in the world |
1975 - today | 207 m (678 ft) |
Louisiana Superdome | New Orleans , USA | Architects Curtis & Davis, Statik Sverdrup & Parcel , executed by the American Bridge Company | Steel frame construction; Designer Nathaniel Curtis |
Reinforced concrete
Record held | diameter | Surname | place | builder | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1913-1930 | 65.0 m | Centennial Hall | Wroclaw , Poland | German Empire | Reinforced concrete; Architect Max Berg |
1930-1960 | 65.8 m | Leipzig wholesale market hall | Leipzig , Germany | German Empire | Reinforced concrete; Designer Franz Dischinger |
1960-1963 | 100.6 m | Palazzo dello Sport | Rome , Italy | Italy | Venue of the 1960 Summer Olympics ; Reinforced concrete; Architect Pier Luigi Nervi |
1963-1971 | 121.9 m | Assembly Hall | Champaign , USA | University of Illinois | Reinforced concrete; Architect Max Abramovitz |
1971-1976 | 134.1 m | Norfolk Scope | Norfolk , USA | Norfolk City | Reinforced concrete; Architect Pier Luigi Nervi |
1976-2000 | 201.0 m | Kingdome | Seattle , USA | King County | Reinforced concrete; Architects: Naramore, Skilling and Praeger; demolished in 2000 |
snow and ice
Record held | diameter | Surname | place | builder | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 – today | 12.9 m | World record igloo in Zermatt | Zermatt , Switzerland | unnamed group of 14 builders | Replaced the previous record igloo from Canada with a diameter of 9.5 m |
Famous domes
The following is a list of large domed buildings which, for various reasons, have a certain special status.
Completed | diameter | Surname | place | builder | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
about 64 | 13.48 m | Domus Aurea | Rome , Italy | Roman Empire | first dome over a polygonal floor plan ( octagon ); first in palace architecture |
11th - mid-12th century | 25.60 m | Baptistery of San Giovanni | Florence , Italy | Bishop of Florence and Chapter | largest domed structure in the West between Hagia Sophia and Florence Cathedral |
1227 | 21.0 m long 16.9 m wide |
St. Gereon | Cologne , Germany | Archbishop and Canon | Ribbed decagonal dome |
1405 | 18.2 m | Mausoleum of Hodja Ahmad Yasawi | Yasi , Kazakhstan | Timur Lang | double-skinned dome |
1436 | 42-45 m | Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore | Florence , Italy | City-state of Florence | first double-skinned dome of the Renaissance |
1557 | 27.2 m | Suleymaniye Mosque | Istanbul , Turkey | Ottoman Empire | Architect Sinan |
1575 | 31.2 m | Selimiye Mosque | Edirne , Turkey | Ottoman Empire | Architect Sinan |
1590 | 42.3 m | St. Peter's Basilica | Rome , Vatican City | Holy See | double-skinned dome |
1616 | 23.5 m |
Sultan Ahmed Mosque ("Blue Mosque") |
Istanbul , Turkey | Ottoman Empire | |
1641 | 17.7 m | Taj Mahal | Agra , India | Mughal Empire | |
1710 | 30.8 m | St Paul's Cathedral | London , England | British Empire | |
1743 | 26.15 m | woman Church | Dresden , Germany | George Bähr | largest masonry dome north of the Alps |
1781 | 36.0 m | St. Blasien Cathedral | St. Blasien , Germany | Benedictine | third largest dome in Europe at the time of construction; Wooden structure replaced by iron arch ribs and prestressed concrete after fire in 1874 |
1871 | 39.0 m | Rotunda of Mosta | Mosta , Malta | Mosta population | fourth largest church dome in the world after St. Peter's Basilica , Pantheon (both in Rome ) and Florence Cathedral |
1914 | 42.5 m | Dome hall - Hanover Congress Centrum | Hanover , Germany | Paul Bonatz and Friedrich Eugen Scholer | Congress and event center around the city hall of the Lower Saxony state capital Hanover. The city hall with the domed hall is one of the most striking buildings in the city. |
1929 | 60.0 m | Market hall Basel | Basel , Switzerland | Franz Dischinger and Ulrich Finsterwalder | third largest dome in the world upon completion. Used as a market hall until 2004; a shopping center and event location since 2012 |
1944 | 61.0 m | V2 -Bunker La Coupole | Wizernes - Helfaut , France | German Empire | Reinforced concrete, wall thickness 5 m |
1975 | 53.0 m | Zelenchuk Observatory , Russia | Zelenchukskaya | Soviet Union | Dome for 6-meter reflector telescope |
1999 | 38.0 m | Reichstag building | Berlin , Germany | Germany | Steel and glass construction; Architect Norman Foster |
2000 | 110.0 m | Eden Project | Cornwall , England | England | Steel construction in Mero construction; Architect Nicholas Grimshaw |
further reading
- Erwin Heinle , Jörg Schlaich : domes of all times, of all cultures . Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-421-03062-6
- Jürgen Rasch: The dome in Roman architecture. Development, design, construction . In: Architectura , 15, 117-139 (1985)
- Werner Müller: dtv-Atlas Baukunst I. General part: Building history from Mesopotamia to Byzantium . 14th edition, 2005, ISBN 3-423-03020-8
See also
- Technical records
- List of Roman domes
- List of tallest church towers and sacred buildings in the world
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Since this article is still under construction, the data in the Record held column should be regarded as a preliminary result.
- ↑ a b c Treasury of Atreus. In: Structurae
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Robert Mark, Paul Hutchinson: On the Structure of the Roman Pantheon . In: Art Bulletin , Vol. 68, No. 1 (1986), p. 24
- ↑ a b c d e f g Jürgen Rasch: The dome in Roman architecture. Development, design, construction . In: Architectura , Vol. 15 (1985), p. 118
- ↑ a b c d Werner Heinz: Roman thermal baths. Bathing and bathing luxury in the Roman Empire . Munich 1983, ISBN 3-7774-3540-6 , pp. 60-64
- ↑ a b Jürgen Rasch: The dome in Roman architecture. Development, design, construction . In: Architectura , Vol. 15 (1985), p. 119
- ↑ Romanconcrete.com
- ↑ Werner Müller: dtv-Atlas Baukunst I. General part: Building history from Mesopotamia to Byzantium . 14th edition, 2005, ISBN 3-423-03020-8 , p. 253
- ^ Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence. In: arch INFORM ; Retrieved December 1, 2009.
- ↑ a b c d Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence. In: Structurae
- ↑ The basic idea came from the English architect John Scott Russell , the actual planning by engineers for the Vienna World Exhibition in 1873.
- ↑ a b Belgrade Fair (Beogradski Sajam), Hall 1
- ↑ a b c d e f Monolithic.com: Reinforced Concrete Thin Shell Sports Facilities
- ↑ a b c dome in: Microsoft Encarta
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Encyclopædia Britannica: Astrodome
- ↑ a b c archrecord.construction.com: Now infamous, Superdome once stood as a great New Orleans landmark
- ↑ Romanconcrete.com
- ↑ Werner Müller: dtv-Atlas Baukunst I. General part: Building history from Mesopotamia to Byzantium . 14th edition, 2005, ISBN 3-423-03020-8 , p. 253
- ^ Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence. In: arch INFORM ; Retrieved December 1, 2009.
- ↑ The basic idea came from the English architect John Scott Russell , the actual planning by engineers for the Vienna World Exhibition in 1873.
- ↑ Balance 2
- ↑ FM Mazzolani: Aluminum domes of the Enel plant in Civitavecchia, Italy . In: HERON . tape 55 , no. 3/4 , 2010, p. 171–185 (English, heronjournal.nl [PDF; accessed December 12, 2016]).
- ↑ a b H. Hagedann & Ch. Plato: United States Capitol
- ↑ a b CAPITOL DOME
- ↑ a b Thomas U. Walter in the English language Wikipedia
- ^ Historic American Engineering Record (HAER), Library of Congress (1974)
- ↑ a b BUSSE, Heribert / Georg KRETSCHMAR (1987): Jerusalem sanctuary traditions in early church and early Islamic times. Otto Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden; P. 5.
- ↑ Manfred Görgens: A short history of Indian art . DuMont, Cologne 1986, ISBN 3-7701-1543-0 , p. 226
- ↑ en: List of largest church buildings in the world , fr: Basilique Notre-Dame de la Paix de Yamoussoukro
- ↑ Coca-Cola Dome: Dimensions of Coca-Cola Dome ( Memento of the original from June 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Jürgen Rasch: The dome in Roman architecture. Development, design, construction . In: Architectura , Vol. 15 (1985), p. 126
- ↑ Romanconcrete.com
- ↑ Werner Müller: dtv-Atlas Baukunst I. General part: Building history from Mesopotamia to Byzantium . 14th edition, 2005, ISBN 3-423-03020-8 , p. 253
- ↑ Jürgen Rasch: The dome in Roman architecture. Development, design, construction . In: Architectura , Vol. 15 (1985), p. 137
- ↑ a b c d Jürgen Rasch: The dome in Roman architecture. Development, design, construction . In: Architectura , Vol. 15 (1985), p. 125
- ^ Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence. In: arch INFORM ; Retrieved December 1, 2009.
- ↑ Jürgen Rasch: The dome in Roman architecture. Development, design, construction . In: Architectura , Vol. 15 (1985), p. 124
- ↑ Erwin Heinle, Jörg Schlaich: domes of all times, of all cultures . Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-421-03062-6 , p. 27
- ↑ a b c d main page of St. Blasien Cathedral
- ↑ a b Schnell Art Guide: “St. Blasien / Schwarzwald “ , No. 555, Regensburg 2001, ISBN 3-7954-4017-3 , p. 7
- ↑ The basic idea came from the English architect John Scott Russell , the actual planning by engineers for the Vienna World Exhibition in 1873.
- ↑ UNESCO World Heritage Site: Centennial Hall in Wroclaw
- ^ The Großmarkthalle Leipzig. In: Structurae
- ↑ Kingdome.org: Internet Tribute to the Former Kingdome ( Memento of March 17, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ The largest igloo is under the Gornergrat. In: NZZ Online. January 31, 2016, accessed December 23, 2017 .
- ↑ Consecration date 1059, construction may not be completed until 1150
- ↑ Werner Schäfke : Cologne's Romanesque churches. Architecture, furnishings, history . Cologne 1985, 5th edition, ISBN 3-7701-1360-8 , pp. 100 & 118
- ^ Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence. In: arch INFORM ; Retrieved December 1, 2009.
- ↑ Selimiye Mosque. In: Structurae
- ↑ Taj Mahal. In: Structurae
- ^ Robert Mark, Paul Hutchinson: On the Structure of the Roman Pantheon . In: Art Bulletin , Vol. 68, No. 1 (1986), p. 34
- ↑ Inventaire general des monuments et des richesses artistiques de la France: Gravel works North West (SNW): Base V2 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (the specified diameter of 71.0 meters refers to the external dimensions)
- ↑ Dimensioned section through the central area of the bunker in Wizernes, France
- ↑ Bauen in Stahl 5/2002: The Reichstag in Berlin ( Memento of the original from October 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF)