List of Antarctic expeditions

This list of Antarctic expeditions is a chronological list of expeditions and sea voyages that were related to , or were prominently involved in, Antarctica. Not included are voyages that crossed the Antarctic Convergence but did not discover any land.

Until the 19th century

year	Surname	nation	ladder	Result	annotation
1675		England	Anthony de la Roché	Discovery of South Georgia	The first land ever discovered south of the Antarctic Convergence
1739		France	Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier	Discovery of Bouvet Island
1771-1772	First French Antarctic expedition	France	Yves Joseph de Kerguelen de Trémarec	Discovery of the Kerguelen
1772-1775		Great Britain	James Cook	First crossing of the Arctic Circle Research in South Georgia	South record ( 71 ° 10 ′ 0 ″  S , 106 ° 54 ′ 0 ″  W ) on January 30, 1774.

19th century

year	Surname	nation	ladder	Result	annotation
1819		United Kingdom	William Smith	Discovery of the South Shetland Islands ( 62 ° 0 ′  S , 58 ° 0 ′  W )	First discovery of land south of the 60th parallel
1819		Spain	Rosendo Porlier	The San Telmo sinks in Drake Street	The crew members are believed to be the first to die in Antarctica
1819-1821		Russia	Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen	Discovery of the Princess Martha Coast ( 69 ° 21 ′ 28 ″  S , 2 ° 14 ′ 50 ″  W ) on January 27, 1820	First sighting of the Antarctic mainland
1820		United Kingdom	Edward Bransfield William Smith	Sighting of the Trinity Peninsula ( 63 ° 37 ′  S , 58 ° 20 ′  W ) on January 30, 1820
1820		United States	Nathaniel Palmer	Sighting of Antarctica on November 17, 1820
1821		United States	John Davis	John Davis allegedly set foot on Antarctic territory for the first time on February 7, 1821 at Hughes Bay ( 64 ° 13 ′ 0 ″  S , 61 ° 20 ′ 0 ″  W )	His information is now doubted
1823-1824		United Kingdom	James Weddell	reached the southernmost point reached by a ship on February 20, 1823 ( 74 ° 15 ′ 0 ″  S , 30 ° 12 ′ 0 ″  W )
1830-1832	Southern Ocean Expedition	United Kingdom	John Biscoe	Sighting of Enderbyland ( 67 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  S , 53 ° 0 ′ 0 ″  E ), Grahamland and Adelaide Island ( 67 ° 15 ′  S , 68 ° 30 ′  W )	Commissioned by the English whaling company Samuel Enderby & Sons
1837-1840	Second French Antarctic expedition	France	Jules Dumont d'Urville	Discovery of the Adelieland
1838-1839		United Kingdom	John Balleny	Discovery of the Balleny Islands ( 66 ° 55 ′  S , 163 ° 45 ′  E )	Commissioned by the English whaling company Samuel Enderby & Sons
1838-1842	United States Exploring Expedition	United States	Charles Wilkes	Reaches the Antarctic Peninsula ( 69 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  S , 65 ° 0 ′ 0 ″  W ) and East Antarctica
1839-1843		United Kingdom	James Clark Ross	Discovery of the Ross Ice Shelf , the Ross Sea , Mount Erebus , Mount Terror and Victoria Land ; Establishment of a new south record (78 ° 9'S)
1873-1874		German Empire	Eduard Dallmann	Discovery of the Bismarck Street , the Neumayer Canal and the Wilhelm Archipelago, among others	On behalf of the Deutsche Polar-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft
1892-1893	Dundee Whaling Expedition	Scotland		Discovery of Dundee Island ( 63 ° 30 ′  S , 55 ° 55 ′  W )	Initiative of a whaling company from Dundee with the aim of finding right whales in the Weddell Sea
1893-1895		Norway	Henryk Bull	Bull enters the Antarctic at Cape Adare
1897-1899	Belgica expedition	Belgium	Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery	Extensive collection of meteorological data as well as biological and geological samples, first investigation of flow conditions on the Antarctic coast, mapping of the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula	Marks the beginning of the golden age of Antarctic exploration
1898-1899	Southern Cross Expedition	Norway	Carsten Egeberg Borchgrevink	Sails to Cape Adare and winters in Antarctica, new southern record (78 ° 50'S)

20th century

year	Surname	nation	ladder	Result	annotation
1901-1904	Discovery expedition	United Kingdom	Robert Falcon Scott	New southern record (82 ° 17'S) on December 30, 1902	First British Antarctic expedition since James Clark Ross
1901-1903	Gauss expedition	German Empire	Erich von Drygalski	Exploration of the unknown area south of the Kerguelen
1901-1903	Swedish Antarctic Expedition	Sweden	Otto Nordenskjöld	Exploration of the Antarctic Peninsula
1902-1904	Scottish National Antarctic Expedition	Scotland	William Speirs Bruce	Establishment of Orcadas Station , discovery of the east coast of the Weddell Sea	Scotland's first national Antarctic expedition
1903-1905	Fourth French Antarctic Expedition	France	Jean-Baptiste Charcot	Exploring the west coast of Graham Land
1907-1909	Nimrod expedition	United Kingdom	Ernest Shackleton	Reaching the Antarctic magnetic south pole (72 ° 15′S, 155 ° 16′E) on January 16, 1909, new south record (88 ° 23'S, 160 ° 0'S) on January 9, 1909
1908-1910	Fifth French Antarctic Expedition	France	Jean-Baptiste Charcot	Discovery of Marguerite Bay , Charcot Island and some other islands and bays
1910-1912	Japanese Antarctic Expedition	Japan	Nobu Shirase	Attempt to reach the South Pole failed
1910-1912	Fram expedition	Norway	Roald Amundsen	Reaching the South Pole (90 ° S) on December 14, 1911
1910-1913	Terra Nova Expedition	United Kingdom	Robert Falcon Scott	Reaching the South Pole (90 ° S) on January 17, 1912
1911-1913	Second German Antarctic Expedition	German Empire	Wilhelm Filchner	Discovery of the Filchner ice shelf
1911-1914	Australasian Antarctic Expedition	Australia	Douglas Mawson	Mapping the Antarctic coastline south of Australia
1914-1916	Endurance expedition	United Kingdom	Ernest Shackleton	Complete crossing of the Antarctic land mass failed	Last great expedition of the Golden Age
1914-1917	Ross Sea Party	United Kingdom	Aeneas Mackintosh	Supported the endurance expedition
1920-1922	British Imperial Antarctic Expedition	United Kingdom	John Lachlan Cope
1921-1922	Quest expedition	United Kingdom	Ernest Shackleton	The exact goals of the expedition remained hidden, and it returned to England without results	Last expedition of the Golden Age
1928-1930	Wilkins Hearst Expedition	United States	Hubert Wilkins	First flight in Antarctica
1928-1930	Byrd Antarctic Expedition	United States	Richard Evelyn Byrd	First flight over the South Pole
1929-1931	British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition	Commonwealth of Nations	Douglas Mawson	Discovery of Mac Robertson Land and Princess Elizabeth Land	The main sponsors of the expedition were Australia , New Zealand and the United Kingdom
1931		Norway	Hans Halvorsen	Discovery of the Princess Astrid Coast
1931		Norway	Carsten Egeberg Borchgrevink	Discovery of the Crown Prince Olav Coast
1931		Norway	Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen	Flight over the Antarctic
1933-1935	Richard Evelyn Byrd's second expedition	United States	Richard Evelyn Byrd
1933-1939	Lincoln Ellsworth's Antarctic Expedition	United States	Lincoln Ellsworth	First crossing of the Antarctic continent (by plane)
1934-1937	British Graham Land Expedition	United Kingdom	Proof that Graham Land is a peninsula, mapping the coast
1936-1937	Lars Christensen Expedition 1936/37	Norway	Lars Christensen	Dropping the flag of Norway over the Prince Harald Coast
1938-1939	Third German Antarctic Expedition	German Empire	Alfred Ritscher	Exploration of Neuschwabenland and further research
1939-1941	United States Antarctic Service Expedition	United States	Richard Evelyn Byrd
1943-1945	Operation Tabarin	United Kingdom	James Marr	Establishment of some stations in Antarctica to support British territorial claims
1946-1947	Operation Highjump	United States	Richard Evelyn Byrd	Creation of over 70,000 aerial photographs, which were initially useless due to the lack of ground control points
1947-1948	1st Chilean Antarctic Expedition	Chile	Federico Guesalaga Toro
1947-1948	Operation Windmill	United States	Gerald Ketchum	Among other things, the establishment of 39 landmarks to make the aerial photographs of Operation Highjump usable
1947-1948	Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition	United States	Finn Ronne	Investigation of the Weddell Sea	Last privately financed enterprise from the USA, first wintering of women in the Antarctic
1949-1952	Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition	multinational: Norway United Kingdom Sweden	John Giæver		First multinationally organized Antarctic expedition
1955-1956	Operation Deep Freeze	United States	Richard Evelyn Byrd	Establishment of the Little America V and McMurdo stations
1955-1957	1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	Mikhail Mikhailovich Somov
1956		United States		Establishment of the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station
1956-1958	Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition	Commonwealth of Nations	Vivian Fuchs	First successful crossing of Antarctica via the South Pole
1956-1958	2. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	Alexei Fyodorowitsch Tryshnikov
1957-1958				International Geophysical Year
1957				Establishment of Scott Base
1957-1958	Luncke expedition
1957-1958	New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition	New Zealand
1957-1959	3. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	Yevgeny Ivanovich Tolstikov
1958-1960	4. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	Alexander Gavrilowitsch Dralkin
1959-1961	5. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	Yevgeny Korotkevich
1960	South African National Antarctic Expedition	South Africa
1960–1962	6. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	V. Driatsky
1961-1963	7. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	Alexander Gavrilowitsch Dralkin
1962	Vostok traverse	Australia		Crossing the Antarctic	Management of the ANARE
1962-1964	8. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	Mikhail Mikhailovich Somov
1963-1965	9. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	Mikhail Mikhailovich Somov
1964-1966	10. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	M. Ostrekin and I. Petrow
1965-1967	11th Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	D. Maksutov and Leonid Dubrovin
1966-1968	12. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	Pawel Kononowitsch Senko and Wladislaw Gerbowitsch
1967-1969	13th Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	Alexei Fyodorowitsch Tryshnikov
1968-1970	14th Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	D. Maksutow and Ernst Krenkel
1969-1971	15th Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	Pawel Kononowitsch Senko and Wladislaw Gerbowitsch
1970-1972	16. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	I. Petrov and Yuri Tarbeev
1971-1973	17. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	Evgeny Korotkewitsch and W. Averyanov
1972-1974	18. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	Pavel Kononovich Senko
1973-1975	19th Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	D. Maksutow and W. Ignatow
1974-1976	20th Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	W. Serdyukov and N. Kornilov
1975-1977	21. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	O. Sedow and G. Bardin
1976-1988	22. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	N. Tyabin and Leonid Dubrovin
1977-1979	23. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	W. Serdyukov and O. Sedov
1978-1980	24. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	A. Artemjew and O. Sedov
1979-1980	GANOVEX I	BR Germany			Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials
1979-1981	25. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	N. Kornilov and N. Tyabin
1980-1981	Transglobe expedition	United Kingdom	Ranulph Fiennes	Circumnavigation of the earth via the south and north poles
1980-1982	26. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	W. Serdyukov and W. Schamontjew
1982	GANOVEX II	BR Germany		canceled	Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials
1981-1983	27. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	D. Maksutow and R. Galkin
1982-1983	GANOVEX III	BR Germany			Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials
1982-1984	28th Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	N. Kornilov and A. Artemyev
1983-1985	29. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	N. Tyabin and L. Bulatov
1984-1985	GANOVEX IV	BR Germany			Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials
1984-1985	Antarctica I	Uruguay	Omar Porciúncula		First expedition in Uruguay
1984-1986	30. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	D. Maksutow and R. Galkin
1985-1987	31. Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	N. Tyabin and W. Dubovtsew
1986-1988	32nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	W. Klokow and W. Wowk
1987-1988	GEISHA	BR Germany			Alfred Wegener Institute and BGR
1987-1989	33rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	NA Kornilov and Ju. A. Kabarov
1987-1989	1st Antarctic expedition of the GDR	German Democratic Republic
1987-1988	First Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition	Bulgaria		Establishment of the St. Kliment Ohridski Base
1988-1989	GANOVEX V	BR Germany			Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials
1988-1990	2nd Antarctic expedition of the GDR	German Democratic Republic
1988-1990	34th Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	SM Prjamikow and LW Bulatow
1989-1991	3rd Antarctic expedition of the GDR	German Democratic Republic
1989-1991	35th Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union	WM Pigusow
1990-1991	GANOVEX VI	Germany			Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials
1991-1992	36th Soviet Antarctic Expedition	Soviet Union Russia	Lev Sawatjugin
1992-1993	GANOVEX VII	Germany			Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials
1995-1996	GeoMaud expedition	Germany			Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials
1996				Discovery of Lake Vostok
1999-2000	GANOVEX VIII	Germany			Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials

21st century

year	Surname	nation	ladder	Result	annotation
2000-2001	Liv Arnesen & Ann Bancroft			Crossing
2004	BELARE expedition	Belgium
2004-2005	Tangra 2004/05	Bulgaria		Mapping Livingston Island , establishing the Camp Academia	Commission for Antarctic Geographical Names , Fondazija Manfred Wörner
2005				Support of the BELARE expedition
2005-2006	GANOVEX IX	Germany			Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials
2006-2007				Hang gliding expedition to the pole of inaccessibility
2007		United Kingdom		Independent mounted expedition to the Antarctic Peninsula
2007		South Africa	Sibusiso Vilane and Alex Harris	Independent South African expedition
2009-2010	GANOVEX X	Germany			Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials
2015-2016	GANOVEX XI	Germany			Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials

See also

• Chilean Antarctic Expedition
• Norwegian Antarctic Expedition
• Soviet Antarctic Expedition

Web links

• ~ http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/resources/expeditions/ Index on various expeditions§
• ~ http://www.antarctic-circle.org/timeline.htm Chronologies and timelines of Antarctic research§