Lorber

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lorber is a family name that has its roots in the German-speaking area.

Origin of name and meaning

The name " laurel " is probably derived from the spice or the laurel plant and could therefore refer to an activity as a spice dealer.

Possible roots

There are several early mentions of the name in relevant books:

  • Hans Bahlow: German name lexion: Godeke or Godike Lorbere ( Rostock 1293), Hermann Lorbere ( Hanover 1312), Otto Lorberer ( Brünn 1345)
  • Freiherr zu Hammerstein: The possessions of the Counts of Schwerin : Conradus Lorber (Mankemus 1294), Johannes Lorbere and Hubertus Lorberen ( Wienhausen Monastery, 13th century)
  • Alphonse Lorber: Chronicle of the village of Ebersheim : Ulricus Lorber ( Strasbourg 1316)
  • Duden, Lexicon of Family Names: H. Lorber ( Nuremberg 1363)

It is noticeable that the first mentions are geographically quite far apart. On the one hand, this could indicate that several families independently chose this name. On the other hand, Hans Bahlow in his "Deutsches Namenlexikon" points to an activity as a spice trader, which could explain the wide spread of a cohesive family that occurred early on. This would be supported by the fact that Strasbourg was a hub of trade in spices (including laurel) from the Mediterranean region with the Holy Roman Empire as early as the Middle Ages. An indication of the merchant status can also apply that the early Lorbers are usually named as citizens who are able to advise or appear in other more elevated positions: 1293 in Rostock as landowners in Krämerstraße , 1294 as feudal men of the Counts of Schwerin , 1316 in Strasbourg as priests, from approx. 1400 councilors in Bamberg (also proven there as copper traders), 1432 citizens in Hameln , 1439 mayors in Landshut , 1507 councilors in Stralsund , 1514 mayors in Rastenberg .

These considerations lead to three possible theories:

  1. Origin in northern Germany / Danish family: In fact, the earliest surviving documents from the end of the 13th century can be found in the county of Schwerin and the neighboring areas of the rulership of Rostock and the duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . The first name “Godike” in the earliest mention also speaks for this origin, which is hardly proven outside of this region. The entry by Christoph Lorbeer in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie speaks of an origin from a Danish knight family. In fact, Rostock had been under Danish rule since the end of the 12th century and the county of Schwerin between 1202/1203 and 1225. It is possible that the ancestors of the Lorbers came south to fight for the Danish king. Later they seem to have started working as a spice trader, which would also explain the naming. In this context, it is conceivable that part of the family was sent to the then flourishing trading city of Strasbourg to support the trade in the spice, which was presumably imported from southern Europe. This would explain the mention of the name in the Alsace metropolis, which has been documented since the early 14th century.
  2. Separate families in the north and in Alsace: In view of the rather large spatial distance between the early mentions, it cannot be ruled out that the names are coincidentally identical. Possibly from at least two independent spice merchant families.

Known family lines

North German Lorber

Epitaph of Christoph Lorber († 1555) in the St. Nikolai Church in Stralsund

The earliest sources can be found in the area of ​​present-day Mecklenburg and eastern Lower Saxony. In the earliest surviving mention, Godike Lorbere sold property in Rostock on Krämerstrasse in 1293 . An indication of an activity as a grocer, possibly as the eponymous spice dealer. Almost at the same time, Conradus Lorber is mentioned as a subject of the Count of Schwerin , as are other namesakes in the necrology of the Wienhausen monastery near Celle

Christoph Lorber or Lorbeer († 1555), son of Olof Lorber and Gertrud Swarte, becomes councilor in 1507 and mayor in Stralsund in 1524 . According to tradition, his ancestors come from Denmark . A connection to the earlier representatives mentioned above seems likely, because these areas, especially the County of Schwerin, were temporarily under Danish rule.

Councilors and clerics have come down to us in the early centuries in other places in northern Germany, for example in Riddagshausen monastery and Hameln .

It is so far unclear whether there are still direct descendants of these north German family members.

Other noteworthy members of this family line

  • Johannes Lorber († 1586) - Between 1557 and 1586 first Protestant abbot of the Cistercian monastery in Riddagshausen
  • Melchior Gerhard Lorbe (e) r (* 1650 or 1651 in Hameln † 1701 in Stuttgart) - printer and editor of a newspaper

Alsatian laurel

Around 1316 an Ulricus Lorber is mentioned in Strasbourg as a priest and public prosecutor in the monastery of St. Etienne . The family can still be traced in this region, for example in Colmar or in Ebersheim , where it has been traced back to the end of the 15th century.

In 1374, the then Bishop of Strasbourg Lamprecht von Brunn was appointed Bishop of Bamberg. During his reign the first bearers of the name appear in the bishopric of Bamberg : 1385 Heintz and Alheyd Lorber, Clas and Niklas Lorber as chefs for the bishop of Bamberg and Cuntz and Konrad Lorber in the village of Stübig newly acquired by the bishop for the diocese . It is therefore very likely that this family came to Franconia accompanied by the bishop, where many descendants can be found to this day.

The Franconian-Urban Line (descendants of Clas Lorber)

Coat of arms of the Bamberg family branch in its original form without improvement due to the nobility uplift

Clas Lorber was first mentioned in sources in 1394. The family remained in the service of the prince-bishops and quickly rose to the ranks of the city's citizens. As early as 1412, Clas Lorber (probably the aforementioned master chef) was named as mayor in Bamberg.

In addition to their position on the council, the family seems to have quickly grown in wealth. In 1445 the family of the upper parish donated a chapel in honor of St. Pankratius . In 1462, what is now “Am Kranen 14” - the former city harbor on the banks of the Regnitz - is called the “Lorber's copper courtyard”. This factory, which probably serves the copper trade , remained in family ownership until at least 1635.

Pankraz Lorber is recorded in 1546 as the owner of the “House under the Storks” in today's “Dominikanerstraße 4”. In the meantime, the most famous Bamberg inn, the " Schlenkerla ", is located in this building .

After the family had been one of the leading families in Bamberg for generations, they were raised to the nobility on September 1, 1571 by Emperor Maximilian II . The certificate names the five sons of Pankraz Lorber living at the time as recipients of the nobility diploma. In the course of the survey, the family's coat of arms was also improved. The shield (five silver lilies on a red background) was left, the bead was replaced by a nobility's crown, the originally uniform silver buffalo horns in the crest were now divided into red and silver alternately and another silver lily was added between them.

To distinguish it from the bourgeois and rural namesakes that existed next to it, the family used the designation "Lorber von Störchen". The addition should either refer to the first known residence in Austraße 33 (which, however, was no longer inhabited by the family in 1571) or to the aforementioned "House under the Storks" in Dominikanerstraße. This property was sold to the Dominican Order in 1677 .

Michael Lorber von Störchen, a son of one of the ennobled brothers, wrote a family name book in 1613. The family treasures also included a silver bowl “weighing 2 marks and 1 lot”, which Michael, Pankraz and Jobst Justus Lorber had in their will. The bowl showed the coat of arms of the Lorber family and the closely related Haller, and which should be passed on to the oldest of the family.

The laurel of storks produced many scholars over the centuries, especially the lawyers and court councilors Johann Thomas Jakob Lorber von Störchen (1695–1734) or his son Johann Ignatz Christoph Nepomuk Lorber von Störchen (1725–1797), whose tomb is still in place is located at the Upper Parish of Bamberg.

The fiefs of the family were scattered over the Bamberg bishopric. In addition to houses and fields in Bamberg, possessions in Zeil am Main and Scheßlitz were also mentioned. The last family seat was the "Lorberhof" at Jakobsplatz 15 in Bamberg. Contrary to what the house name has been handed down to this day (albeit uncommon) suggests, it was only the home of the family for a few decades and is now used by the Don Bosco St. Josefs Home as a youth hostel.

With the end of the bishopric of Bamberg and the incorporation of the city into the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1803, the importance of the family also seems to wane. The last known representatives of the family were Ignaz Nepomuck Lorber von Störchen (1788-1857), a royal Bavarian cavalryman who died on June 3, 1857, and his sister Elisabetha von Poschinger , born von Lorber (1790-1859). Ignaz Nepomuck describes himself, in his application for recognition of his nobility title, which he addressed to the King of Bavaria, as the last male heir of his line. He and his wife Maria Karolina Kreß von Kressenstein left a daughter Maria Karoline Helena, whose traces are lost after her marriage to Ferdinand Freiherr von zu Rhein in Augsburg in 1883 . The noble family had died out with her.

There are indications that at least one impoverished branch of these ennobled Lorber may have survived: Johann Georg Lorber (1764-1820), was possibly born as a scion of the aristocratic branch, but died as a simple farmer on the Knottenhof near Stegaurach . This could be related to the fact that around 1790 (probably due to an inappropriate marriage) he could have lost his rank of nobility. His descendants can still be found in Stegaurach today, but also in Iowa, USA .

Former "house under the storks" - today restaurant " Schlenkerla "
Possessions and residences
  • Au 33 - “Haus zum Storch”, the family's first well-known ancestral home in Bamberg, according to Paschke: 1445 Clas Lorber to 1578 Caspar Lorber
  • At Kranen 14 - "Kupferhof" at what was then Bamberg's city harbor - around 1462 to around 1635
  • Dominikanerstraße 4 - "House under the storks" in Bamberg - family seat from 1546 to 1677
  • Jakobsplatz 15 - "Lorberhof" - last Bamberg family seat from 1753 to around 1812
  • Maximilianstrasse 27 in Augsburg - residential building of the last noble Lorber from 1831 to 1883
Notable members of this family tribe
  • Nikolaus (Clas) Lorber (approx. 1370–1446) - 1394 cook for the prince-bishop, 1412 mayor of Bamberg
  • Dr. Jobst von Lorber (1533–1581) - applied in 1570 together with his brother Pankraz on the fringes of the Reichstag in Speyer to raise his family to the nobility
  • Pankraz von Lorber (1544–1587) - servant of Archduke Karl of Austria (son of Emperor Ferdinand I ), died in Vienna
  • Hans Caspar von Lorber (1560–1626) - council for 42 terms of office, including 8 times sub-mayor and 1-time lord mayor, survived the witch hunt in contrast to two thirds of the other councils
  • Michael von Lorber (1569–1620) - Founded a book of names for the family, had to leave Bamberg and emigrate to Zeil and Schweinfurt after he had accepted the evangelical creed
  • Johann Pankraz von Lorber (1587 - between 1641 and 1647) - captain in the Hatzfeld Regiment during the Thirty Years' War
  • Jacob Wilhelm von Lorber (1591–1618) - canon of St. Stephan , was occasionally killed by two stitches by the organist of St. Martin at a wedding in the room of the chaplain Johann Degen
  • Hans Adam von Lorber (1600–1666) - son of Michael, mayor of Königsberg in Bavaria
  • Daniel von Lorber (1647–1703) - son of Hans Adam, accepted the Catholic faith again and once again served the Bamberg prince-bishops as court assessor and curator
  • (1725-1797) Johann Ignaz Christoph Lorber - Already with 24 years Professor of Law, Wrote several academic writings, Tomb on the outside wall of the Upper Parish received
  • Franz Eberhard Christoph Joseph von Lorber (1755–1812) - until the secularization of Bamberg's court and government councilor, then retired early - never applied to the King of Bavaria for recognition of nobility
  • Ignaz Nepomuck von Lorber (1788–1857) - Royal Bavarian Rittmeister, last male heir of the family
See also
  • Lorbersgasse - A street in Bamberg named after the noble family, adjacent to the "Lorbersgarten" formerly owned by the family

The Franconian-Rural Line

At the same time as the above-mentioned Clas Lorber, a Cuntz (Konrad) Lorber is named in the village of Stübig , only 20 kilometers away . A relationship is considered safe. In contrast to the urban line, the descendants of the Cuntz were hardly to be found in the upper classes early on. In the following centuries they worked as millers in Ehrl , bakers in Scheßlitz and otherwise mainly as farmers in this region. This branch has remained in bloom to our day and has produced many offspring. Today, some of these descendants still live in Franconia, especially in the original home district of Bamberg , but they also spread to the state of New York, USA .

In Bamberg and other communities of the Hochstift, for example in Gaustadt , Stadtsteinach or Waischenfeld , other petty bourgeois with the name Lorber appeared from the early 16th century. They practice professions such as pfragner (small trader) and landlord, crafts such as shoemaker and old maker . Since this emergence precedes the beginning of fully preserved church book records, it is so far unclear whether they come from an impoverished branch of the Franconian-urban line or the Franconian-rural line.

Notable members of this family tribe

Galician-Jewish laurels

Descendants of Jewish families with the name Lorber live in the USA in particular, who according to the current state of research originally mainly occurred in the Galician region. There were parallel the names laurel tree and Lorber ago. At least the laurel tree is likely to be a typical late creation of a Jewish family name from 1787 onwards. Descendants can be found under the names Lorberbaum and Dafni in Israel to this day. With Lorber, on the other hand, the spelling with an e seems to indicate a connection to the Christian namesake - for example to the Austrians, because Galicia was already Habsburg at that time. Due to the fact that the Jewish names continued to change up to the 19th century, it is conceivable, albeit less likely, that a laurel tree would be blended .

Notable members of this family tribe

  • Jakob ben Jakob Moses von Lissa Lorbeerbaum (1760–1832), important rabbi and Talmudist in the Polish-Galician area
  • Jeff Lorber (* 1952), American jazz musician

Today's distribution

In addition to the already mentioned home countries in Northern Germany, Alsace , Franconia and Galicia , as well as the classic emigrant nations such as the USA, the name occurs more and more in some other regions.

Central Germany

As early as 1401, a Hartung Lorber was briefly mentioned in the Naumburg (Saale) civil register, after which the family track was initially lost again. At the beginning of the 16th century, Lorber appeared as mayor in Rastenberg . One of the descendants of this branch, Johann Berhard Lorber (1706–1779), took over a pharmacy in Naumburg in 1733 and renamed it "Laurel Tree Pharmacy", under whose name it still exists today. His own name, and that of his descendants, also matched the spelling of the spice, which has since changed, and received a second "e".

By the 16th century at the latest, namesake can also be found as shepherds in the Vogtland . Here, too, the spelling changed in part to the double e between the 18th and 19th centuries.

The origin of the bearers of the name, documented to this day in central Germany, is still unclear. It is possible that the Mecklenburg and the spatially close Franconian lines meet here. The fact that Franconia emigrated to neighboring Thuringia early on is proven by the example of Niclas Lorber (1459–1506), who was a member of the Franconian-urban line and was canon at the Severikirche in Erfurt. Volkmar Hellfritzsch also puts forward the thesis that the shepherds in Vogtland represent their own tribe and that their name could be traced back to a popular name for sheep dung. Since the family names originated about 200 years before they were first mentioned as shepherds, this assumption has not been proven.

Notable members of this branch of the family

Austria

The Bamberg bishopric , in whose service the Lorber von storks stood, also had property in Carinthia . For example, Pankraz Lorber (1544–1587) is referred to as the bailiff in Villach . At the end of the 17th century, brothers from the noble family in Rottenegg in Upper Austria are also mentioned. As a result, Lorber appears again and again in Austria, especially in southern Austria. To this day, the name is increasingly found in Carinthia , Styria and today's Slovenia - so that common roots are possible, although not yet secured.

Notable members of this branch of the family

Lorber from Lorberau

As the first of the Austrian aristocratic family, Johann Niclas Lorber was raised to the nobility in 1741 for the services of his father Johann Georg Lorber from Mureck . Grandfather Bartholomäus Lorber the Elder had already shown himself to be Mureck's patron and had the town hall tower built. Members of the family were among others in the service of the Austro-Hungarian army. It is still uncertain whether there is a connection with the Laurga von Lorberau family, who received the coat of arms privilege in Wiener Neustadt in 1483 , was ennobled in 1627 and built Lorberau Castle in Donawitz , a district of Leoben .

See also

  • Hamlet Lorberhof , part of Liebenfels in Carinthia

variants

  • laurel
  • Lorbek

Name bearers of unclear assignment

Web links

swell

  1. ^ Hans Bahlow : German name dictionary. Family and first names explained according to their origin and meaning. License issue. Bindlach, Gondrom 1990, ISBN 3-8112-0294-4 .
  2. ↑ MecklUB III, No. 2.331, p. 582: Detmarus corrigicida et Godiko Lorbere vendiderunt magistro Johanni apothecario ligna et edificia, que habebant in strata institorum. ( Memento of the original from December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / webapp6.rrz.uni-hamburg.de
  3. ↑ a b Wilhelm of Hammerstein Loxten: The possessions of the counts of the left bank of t Schwerin 1860, p 146
  4. ^ Hans Paschke: Uff der Greten zu Bamberg , Bamberg, 1962, p. 50ff
  5. ^ History of Lower Saxony, Volume X. Document book of the monastery and the city of Hameln. Second part 1408-1576. Hahn'sche Buchhandlung, Hanover and Leipzig, 1903.
  6. ↑ Otto Titan von Hefner , Memorable and Useful Bavarian Antiquarian, Volume 2, Munich, 1867
  7. ^ Theodor Pyl:  Laurel, Christoph . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, p. 169 f.
  8. ↑ Siebmacher's Wappenbuch , Volume V 3, Plate 10
  9. ^ Fr. Sprenger: History of the City of Hameln , Helwingsche Hofbuchhandlung, Hanover, 1826
  10. ^ Inge Mager: The concord formula in the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 1993, p. 56
  11. ↑ Christoph Reske: Book printers of the 16th and 17th centuries in the German-speaking area , Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 2007, p. 913
  12. ↑ Alphonse Lorber: Chronicle of the village of Ebersheim , Imprimerie Alsatia, Sélestat, 1963, p. 251
  13. ↑ Alphonse Lorber: Chronicle of the village of Ebersheim , Imprimerie Alsatia, Sélestat, 1963, p. 245
  14. ↑ 91. Report by the Historisches Verein Bamberg , 1951, p. 247
  15. ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility. Volume VIII, CA Starke Verlag
  16. ^ Lorber nobility register. (No. L 31), Bavarian Main State Archives, Munich
  17. ^ Anton Schuster: Alt Bamberg. Volume 4, pp. 105f.
  18. ^ Johann Friedrich von Schulte:  Lorber von Störchen, Joh. Nepomuck Ignaz Christoph . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, p. 170 f.
  19. ^ Lorber nobility register. (No. L 31), Bavarian Main State Archives, Munich
  20. ^ A b Ernst Heinrich Kneschke (Ed.): New general German nobility lexicon. Volume 6: Loewenthal - Osorowski. Voigt, Leipzig, 1865, p. 12 (Unchanged reprint: Verlag für Kunstreproduktionen Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1996, ISBN 3-89557-018-4 )
  21. ↑ Hans Paschke: The Au to Bamberg. P. 37f.
  22. ↑ Hans Paschke: Uff the Greten to Bamberg. P. 53.
  23. ^ Hans Paschke: Dominican monastery. P. 541f.
  24. ^ Anton Schuster: Alt Bamberg. Volume 4, p. 135.
  25. ↑ BayHStA Offiziersakt OP 79875, and address books from Augsburg
  26. ^ Lorber nobility register. (No. L 31), Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv München and Dieter Weiss: Germania Sacra New Episodes 38.1 - Bamberg Bishops 1522–1693, p. 632.
  27. ^ Report of the Historisches Verein Bamberg, No. 146/2010, p. 155.
  28. ^ Wachter: General Personal Schematismus of the Archdiocese of Bamberg. P. 39.
  29. ↑ Norbert J. Haas: Grave monuments in and on the church of Our Lady Parish in Bamberg. P. 39.
  30. ↑ Stand book of the monastery Michel Berg, State Archives Bamberg, registration number 4300
  31. ^ Konrad Arneth: Fränkische Blätter, coat of arms of Bamberg civil families. , Bamberg State Library
  32. ↑ Chronicle of the Lorber family, Martin Lorber, 2012
  33. ^ YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe
  34. ^ Ancestry.com
  35. ^ History of the laurel tree pharmacy in Naumburg
  36. ↑ Volkmar Hellfritzsch: family name book of the Saxon Vogtland, page 134
  37. ↑ Our trunk, family sheet of the laurels and laurels, Ludwig GG Th. Lorbeer, Vienna, 1935, issue 5, page 2
  38. ^ Our trunk, family sheet of the laurel and laurel, Ludwig GG Th. Lorbeer, Vienna
  39. ^ Franz Hausmann: Südsteiermark, pp. 203ff
  40. ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility. Volume VIII, CA Starke Verlag, p. 54.
  41. ↑ Siebmacher's Wappenbuch , V 01 Bürgerliche Wappen, page 52
  42. ↑ Entry about Lorberau Castle on Burgen-Austria