Mangenberg

Mangenberg City of Solingen Coordinates: 51 ° 10 ′ 27 ″  N , 7 ° 4 ′ 18 ″  E
Height :	about 220 m
Postal code :	42655
Area code :	0212
Location of Mangenberg in Solingen

Mangenberg is a district of the Bergisch city ​​of Solingen . Historically, it consisted of the two separate residential areas Oben- and Untermangenberg, which were located along today's Kronprinzen- and Mangenberger Strasse, but which have merged completely.

In the 19th century, the Mangenberg developed into one of the industrial centers in the border area between the cities of Wald and Solingen. After the massive decline of the industry located there and the destruction of bombs in the Second World War , the Mangenberg today mainly consists of residential areas on both sides of the Mangenberger and Kronprinzenstraße as well as the industrial area on Dönhoffstraße, which also houses a large Obi hardware store. In Mangenberg, in addition to the bus depot of the Stadtwerke Solingen and the waste incineration plant, there is also the extinguishing unit 5 of the Solingen volunteer fire brigade .

geography

Mangenberg is located in the northwest and west of the Solingen city center. The place is located with residential and commercial areas on both sides of Kronprinzenstrasse and Mangenberger Strasse and partly on Beethovenstrasse. Inner city and Mangenberg are separated by the Weyersberg depression . Landesstraße 141n (L 141n / Viehbachtalstraße), which has been expanded to become a motor vehicle and has a junction in the southwest of Mangenberg, runs in a further depression in the west . Lehn , Kreuzweg , Oben- and Mittelgönrath are to the west of Viehbachtalstraße . South of Mangenberg are I. and II. Heidberg and the Kirschbaumer Hof . to the north are Hecken , Untenscheidt and the turnpike . The north-east of Solingen lies along the residential area on Konrad-Adenauer-Strasse, east of Mangenberg and north of Weyersberg, there is also Vorspel with the Vorspeler facilities.

etymology

The place name Mangenberg is derived from the word Mandenberg . Brangs excludes a derivation from the word Mande = Mange = basket . On the other hand, he suspects that the destination Mande is due to community , common property .

history

Early history to the 20th century

Mangenberg existed as a Bergische Hofschaft at least in the early 16th century. The first documentary mention took place in 1512/1513 when a Clemens op dem Mandenbergh is mentioned in a document.

In the map series Topographia Ducatus Montani by Erich Philipp Ploennies , Blatt Amt Solingen , from the year 1715, the place already consists of two farms, both of which are listed with a farm and are already named as Mangenberg . Both farms belonged to the Scheid Honschaft within the Solingen office. The topographical survey of the Rhineland from 1824 shows the northern place as Mangenberg and the southern place as Mangenberger Busch . The Prussian first recording from 1844 lists the northern location as Ob: Mangenberg and the southern location as Unt: Mangenberg . In the topographical map of the Düsseldorf administrative district from 1871, the north-lying place is as Obn. Mangenberg recorded, the southern one merely unnamed.

After the Mairien and later mayor's offices were founded at the beginning of the 19th century, both Mangenberg residential areas belonged to the Wald mayor's office . In 1815/16 30 people lived in Obenmangenberg, 33 in Untermangenberg. In 1832, both towns continued to belong to the mayor of Wald within the Scheid community. Both places were categorized as courtyards in the statistics and topography of the Düsseldorf administrative district . At that time, Obenmangenberg owned eight residential buildings and three agricultural buildings, while Untermangenberg had three residential buildings, a factory or mill and two agricultural buildings. At that time there were 56 residents (seven Catholic and 49 Protestant) in Obenmangenberg, 23 (seven Catholic and 16 Protestant) in Untermangenberg.

The municipality and estate district statistics of the Rhine province lists Obenmangenberg 1871 with 18 houses and 127 inhabitants, Untermangenberg 1871 with 30 houses and 274 inhabitants. In the municipality lexicon for the Rhineland province in 1885, 56 houses with 457 inhabitants were given for Obenmangenberg and 31 houses with 333 inhabitants for Untermangenberg.

The merchant Schimmelbusch, who lived in Mangenberg and who traded in Solingen steel goods in the 18th century and exported these to South and Central America, received cane sugar in return , which he sold on the domestic market. Schimmelbusch had a merchant's house built in what was then Untermangenberg in 1739. It is a two-storey, slated semi-detached house with a dwarf house and hipped roof , supplemented by single-storey residential extensions. The so-called Schimmelbusch house on the Mangenberger 64, 66 is since 18 September 1984 under monument protection .

From the middle of the 19th century, the Mangenberg developed into an industrial center on the edge of the forest, where foundries and sheet metal beating shops with 1,000 and more employees settled. The Siegen-Solingen cast steelworks on the nearby Weyersberg (on Kotter Straße to Stahlstraße) even employed 2,000 people. Raw materials were supplied via the Weyersberg train station, which was put into operation in 1867, a terminal station on the branch line between Ohligs and Solingen . The positive development of Mangenberger industry continued until the Great Depression of the 1929, was followed by a decline.

From the 20th century

In the first quarter of the 20th century, the two districts grew closer and closer together in the midst of the numerous factories, until finally the entire district was only referred to as Mangenberg in maps . The entire district experienced a rapid structural upswing, which can still be seen today in the residential area north of Kronprinzenstrasse (Eintrachtstrasse, Flensburger Strasse, etc.) that was undestroyed during the war. With the town union of Groß-Solingen in 1929, Mangenberg became a district of Solingen. The city of Solingen had already tried several times in negotiations with the city of Wald to incorporate the Mangenberg district into Solingen, which, given its numerous industrial operations at the gates of the city of Solingen, had enormous economic power. However, with a view to the lack of an agreement with Ohligs about a city merger or the incorporation of the Weyer district into Wald, Wald refused every time.

In view of the arms factory Rudolf Rautenbach, which was based in Mangenberg and produced for the aircraft industry, the location was of strategic importance during the Allied air raids on Solingen during the Second World War. On February 16, 1945, the Rautenbach light metal foundry was the target of British bombs. A total of 310 tons of high-explosive bombs were used, the force of which reached the dam road. 105 people were killed and 62 injured in the attack. Among the victims were many prisoners of war and foreign workers who were forcibly employed in the Mangenberg factories.

After the liberation of Solingen by American soldiers on April 16, 1945, the allied sawing powers were very keen to provide decent accommodation for the tens of thousands of former foreign forced laborers . For more than 3,500 former Polish forced laborers, an undestroyed district on Mangenberg with around 100 residential buildings had to be evacuated by the German population within 24 hours on May 17, 1945. Furnishings were not allowed to be taken. The so-called Camp Warsaw remained in use until 1953. Most of the factories on Mangenberg that were destroyed in the war, including the Rautenbach factory, were not rebuilt for the most part. Instead, the Dönhoffstrasse industrial estate was built in the area, and a large Obi DIY store was added later . The waste incineration plant built at Mangenberg started operation on July 9, 1969.

As one of the few actually realized sections of the planned Autobahn 54 , a four-lane motor road through the Viehbachtal was built at the end of the 1970s on the section from An der Gemarke to the provisional terminus on Mangenberg. This section of the Viehbachtalstraße, dedicated as L 141n, was opened to traffic on August 31, 1979. After numerous complaints from residents about too much noise, a number of measures for improved noise protection were introduced in the following year . The construction of the Viehbachtalstraße on the section between Mangenberg and the Frankfurter Damm past Mangenberg took place until 1981. However, no further expansion took place; the A 54 was never completed.

swell

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Peter Seiffert: Steel paid for with cane sugar . Ed .: Solinger Morgenpost. February 7, 2006.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Hans Brangs:  Explanations and explanations of the hall, place, yard and street names in the city of Solingen , Solingen 1936
3. ^ City of Solingen: Street and place names in our city of Solingen , self-published, Solingen 1972
4. ^ Topographic map of the Düsseldorf administrative district . Designed and executed according to the cadastral recordings and the same underlying and other trigonometric work by the Royal Government Secretary W. Werner. Edited by the royal government secretary FW Grube. 4th rev. Edition / published by A. Bagel in Wesel, 1859 / Ddf., Dec. 17, 1870. J. Emmerich, Landbaumeister. - Corrected after the ministerial amendments. Ddf. d. Sept. 1, 1871. Bruns.
5. ↑ Johann Georg von Viebahn : Statistics and Topography of the Administrative District of Düsseldorf , 1836
6. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau Prussia (ed.): The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . The Rhine Province, No. XI . Berlin 1874.
7. ↑ Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Prussia) (Ed.): Community encyclopedia for the Rhineland Province, based on the materials of the census of December 1, 1885 and other official sources, (Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia, Volume XII), Berlin 1888.
8. ^ Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments, Rhineland. Deutscher Kunstverlag , Munich / Berlin 2005.
9. ↑ Solingen Monument List. (PDF; 129 kB) City of Solingen, July 1, 2015; Retrieved April 12, 2017.
10. ^ ^{A b} Heinz Rosenthal: Solingen. History of a city . From the middle of the 19th century to the end of World War II. 1975, Volume 3, Braun, Duisburg 1975, ISBN 3-87096-126-0 .
11. ^ ^{A b c d} Ralf Rogge, Armin Schulte, Kerstin Warncke:  Solingen - Big City Years 1929–2004 . Wartberg Verlag 2004. ISBN 3-8313-1459-4