Mauléon (Deux-Sèvres)
| Mauléon | ||
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| region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Department | Deux-Sèvres | |
| Arrondissement | Bressuire | |
| Canton | Mauléon (main town) | |
| Community association | Bocage Bressuirais | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 55 ′ N , 0 ° 45 ′ W | |
| height | 104-226 m | |
| surface | 120.64 km 2 | |
| Residents | 8,519 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 71 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 79700 | |
| INSEE code | 79079 | |
| Website | www.mauleon.fr | |
 Mauléon - medieval castle gate |
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Mauléon is a French municipality with 8519 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Deux-Sèvres in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine . Mauléon was created through the amalgamation of several smaller towns and is one of the largest municipalities in France in terms of area. From the 18th to the 20th century it was called Châtillon-sur-Sèvre .
location
Mauléon is located in the northwest of the department about 150 meters above sea level. d. M. in the landscape of Haut- Poitou . The distance to Cholet is approx. 20 kilometers (driving distance) in a north-westerly direction. The main town of the arrondissement, Bressuire , is about 23 kilometers southeast. The city is crossed by the river Ouin , which drains to the Sèvre Nantaise .
Population development
Since the current community was only established in the 1960s and 1970s through the merger of several smaller towns (Mauléon, Saint-Jouin-sous-Châtillon, La Chapelle-Largeau, Loublande, Moulins, Rorthais, Saint-Aubin-de-Baubigné, Le Temple and Saint-Amand-sur-Sèvre), the population figures are only given from 1975. Saint-Amand-sur-Sèvre left the commune again in 1992.
| year | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 8,196 | 8,445 | 8,779 | 7,326 | 7,824 |
At the first census in France in 1793, these places together had about 4,500 inhabitants.
economy
The community network is essentially characterized by agriculture. But new jobs have also been created in a commercial area ( industrial zone ), which has led to a slight increase in population in recent years.
history
Even in prehistoric times people left their mark in the form of rock drawings; However, there is no archaeological evidence of the Celts and Romans - some ceramic shards that were found near Moulins at the beginning of the 20th century come from Gallo-Roman times (4th / 5th centuries). The name Mauléon first appeared in 1080 in a document from the Abbaye de la Trinité . Landlords were the family of the same name, one of whom - Savary de Mauléon - became known as a knight, trobador and crusader in the 13th century . Later Mauléon belonged to the Vice Counts of Thouars and the d'Amboise family. The strategically interesting location made Mauléon a city that was fought over in the Huguenot Wars (1562–1598) and changed hands six times. In 1642, by order of Cardinal Richelieu, the fortifications ( remparts ) of the city were razed. In the years 1793/4 the Vendée uprising took place in the area ; one of the leaders of the rebels, Henri de La Rochejaquelein , came from the Château de la Durbelière near Saint-Aubin-de-Baubigné and was buried in the local church.
Attractions
- Mauléon
- The oldest evidence of the city's history is the gate construction of the medieval castle ( chateau ) from the 13th century, which was demolished in the 17th century on the orders of Richelieu. In the 18th century, a rather simple domicile for the royal governor ( Sénéchal ) arose on the site , which suffered again during the French Revolution. The complex has been recognized as a monument historique since 1995 .
- The medieval building complex of the Abbaye de la Trinité , founded in the 11th century and following the Augustinian rule , experienced repeated attacks during the wars of religion and was partially destroyed. After joining the Congrégation de France in 1660, the abbey buildings were restored; in the 18th century the entire monastery complex was rebuilt in the neoclassical style. The monastery buildings were sold as a national property ( bien national ) during the French Revolution and acquired by the community in 1813. Today they house the municipal administration and a museum.
- The abbey church of Sainte-Trinité, in its present form from the 18th century, was converted into a parish church during the French Revolution. In it, Maurice d'Elbée was elected leader of the Vendée uprising in 1793 ; possibly that is why it was set on fire a short time later by the revolutionary forces. In the 19th century it experienced an enlargement and profound redesign - so the facade was converted into a double tower facade with rose window in neo-Gothic style. The tympanum-free Romanesque portal of the original abbey church has stood the test of time and today forms the entrance to the seminary.
- The Musée BRHAM ( Bureau de recherches historiques et archéologique du Mauléonnais ) occupies part of the former abbey building and is dedicated to the history and archeology of the city and its surroundings. It shows some stones with interesting prehistoric stone carvings from the area around Saint-Aubin, another section is dedicated to the uprising of the Vendée, another section is dedicated to the traditional crafts and local history ( arts et traditions ) of northern Poitou.
- Saint-Jouin-sous-Châtillon
- The single-nave church of Saint-Jouin from the 16th / 17th centuries Century has some windows - designed in the late Gothic style - with 19th century stained glass. The nave is covered with a ribbed vault in the Angevin style - d. H. the apex of the girders is significantly lower than the apex ( keystone ) of the eight-part vault. The church has no apse, but a flat end of the choir. The building has been recognized as a Monument historique since 1986 .
- The Manoir de Saint-Jouin is a building from the 16th and 17th centuries, which is protected from view by a two-portal gate with side extensions. It is privately owned; however, it was entered in the list of historical monuments in 2006 .
- Saint-Amand-sur-Sèvre
- The church of Saint-Amand was recognized as a monument historique in 1926 .
- Saint-Aubin-de-Baubigné
- The final resting place of Henri de La Rochejaquelein and two of his brothers is in the church of Saint-Aubin . One of them, Louis, was also killed as the leader of an insurgent squad just 15 months after his older brother died.
- The ruins of the Château de la Durbelière , which was set on fire and destroyed five times by the revolutionary troops during the Vendée uprising, are located about one kilometer north of Saint-Aubin; they too have been classified as a monument historique since 1996.
- In various places in the vicinity of Saint-Aubin there are rocks with stone engravings from the 1st millennium BC. BC ( roches gravées ). They too have been recognized as Monument Historique since 1982.
- Le Temple
- The late medieval Château de la Blandinière dates from the 15th and 16th centuries. Century and is about halfway between Mauléon and the western part of the municipality Le Temple. A portal with a late Gothic keel arch above it leads into the mighty octagonal stair tower that dominates the facade. The castle has been recognized as a monument historique since 1998 and is privately owned.
Partnerships
Mauléon is linked by community partnerships with two municipalities: with Kirkel in the German Saarland and with the French Mauléon-Licharre in the Basque part of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
Sons and daughters
- François d'Escoubleau de Sourdis (1574–1628), Archbishop of Bordeaux and Cardinal
Individual evidence
- ↑ Château, Mauléon in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Église Saint-Jouin, Mauléon in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Manoir de Saint-Jouin, Mauléon in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Église, Saint-Amand-sur-Sèvre in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Château de la Durbelière, Saint-Aubin-de-Baubigné in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Roches gravées, Saint-Aubin-de-Baubigné in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Château de la Blandinière, Mauléon in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
