Nigerian Armed Forces
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| guide | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Commander in Chief : | Tukur Buratai | ||
| Defense Minister: | General Aliyu Mohammed Gusau | ||
| Headquarters: | Abuja | ||
| Military strength | |||
| Active soldiers: | 130,000 | ||
| Conscription: | |||
| Eligibility for military service: | |||
| household | |||
| Military budget: | $ 6 billion | ||
| Share of gross domestic product : | 1.5% | ||
| history | |||
| Founding: | 1947 | ||
The Nigerian Armed Forces ( English : Nigerian Armed Forces ) are the military of the Federal Republic of Nigeria . The military has active military personnel in three branches of service, together approximately 85,000 regular soldiers and 82,000 paramilitaries.
history
The origins of the Nigerian military go back to the Royal West African Frontier Forces , which became Nigerian in 1960 during the independence process.
In 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF) was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces, RWAFF , and in April 1958 the colonial government of Nigeria took control of the armed forces from the British War Office . There is a strong tradition of military revolts and coups in Nigeria; between 1966 and 1999, ten military coups took place in Nigeria.
Since its inception, the Nigerian military has fought in a civil war - the Biafra War 1967–1970 - and, together with the United Nations, sent peace mission forces abroad as the backbone of the peacekeeping forces provided by the ECOWAS (West African Union) countries in Liberia and Sierra Leone .
With military juntas, the military held state power twice, from 1966 to 1979 and from 1983 to 1998.
The military today is involved in all facets of Nigeria's economic and social life , including the manipulation of national politics - a result of General Sani Abacha's creation of artificial political parties. It plays a central role in the control and management of Nigeria's oil wealth.
In the aftermath of the civil war, the greatly expanded military, with around 250,000 people around 1977, consumed a large proportion of Nigeria's resources for less productive things. However, the great expansion of the military during the civil war undermined the classic social division of Nigerian society; And so, on the one hand, the military played an important and valued role as the “first among equals” in the equalization of living conditions in all of Nigeria, and on the other hand, this resulted in a decline in military effectiveness.
Olusegun Obasanjo, who became president in 1999, named this fact in his inaugural address: "Professionalism has been lost ... my heart bleeds when I see the decline in the performance of the military."
Nigeria sends many officers to Pakistan for training , particularly to institutions such as the Pakistan Military Academy , the Command and Staff College in Quetta, and the National Defense University in Islamabad . Training sessions in Nigeria include basic officer training at the Nigerian Defense Academy in Kaduna , the Armed Forces Command and Staff College in Jaji and the National Defense College in Abuja . The US military company Military Professional Resources Inc. was involved in the training and development of links between the civil and military sectors around 1999-2000.
Legal basis
The functions of the armed forces are described in the constitution. Defense of national integrity and other issues of national interest constitute the bulk of the military's duties. Section 217 of the Nigerian Constitution of 1999 states regarding the Nigerian Armed Forces:
- (1) There shall be an armed forces for the Federation which shall consist of an army, a navy, an air force and such other branches of the armed forces of the Federation as may be established by an Act of the National Assembly. (There may be armed forces for the Federation, which may consist of an Army, a Navy, an Air Force, and such other armed forces for the Federation as may be established by the National Assembly by statutory order.)
- (2) The Federation shall, subject to an Act of the National Assembly made on that behalf, equip and maintain the armed forces as may be considered adequate and effective for the purpose of - (The Federation may, by means of a relevant statutory ordinance of the National Assembly that equip and maintain the armed forces in a manner that may be considered appropriate and effective to -)
- (a) defending Nigeria from external aggression; (To defend Nigeria against external attack;)
- (b) maintaining its territorial integrity and securing its borders from violation on land, sea, or air; (to maintain its territorial integrity and to secure its borders against injury on land, sea and in the air;)
- (c) suppress insurrection and act in aid of civil authorities to restore order when called upon to do so by the President but subject to such conditions as may be prescribed by an Act of the National Assembly; (To suppress a riot and to act in support of the civil authorities to restore public order, if called upon by the President, but under conditions that may be legally mandated by the National Assembly.)
- (d) perform such other functions as may be prescribed by an act of the National Assembly. (To perform such other functions as may be legally mandated by the National Assembly.)
- (3) The composition of the officer corps and other ranks of the armed forces of the Federation shall reflect the federal character of Nigeria. (The composition of the officer corps and other ranks of the Federation's armed forces should reflect the federal nature of Nigeria.)
army
The Nigerian Army (NA, Nigerian Army ) is the land force of the Nigerian armed forces and the largest branch of the armed forces. The Nigerian army is being equipped by the state armaments company DICON .
The Nigerian Army is divided into 6 divisions .
- 1st division in Kaduna
- 2nd division in Ibadan and Benin City
- 81st Division ( Amphibious ) in Lagos
- 82nd Division ( Airborne Unit ) in Enugu
- 3rd Division ( motorized ) is stationed on the border with Chad .
- 7th Division was set up in 2013 to fight Boko Haram . Their seat is Maiduguri .
In 2014, the opposition in Nigeria accused the government and the military of total failure in the fight against Boko Haram. The army is in a rotten state. Discipline and morale of the soldiers are bad, also because the soldiers often have to wait weeks for their pay . The military's equipment is neglected and internal communication is chaotic. Corrupt officers would collaborate with Boko Haram. In May 2014, nine generals were investigated for selling arms to Boko Haram.
The army is equipped with:
- 108 Vickers MBT main battle tank
- 157 Scorpion reconnaissance tank
- 130 Panhard armored cars
- 80 Sagaie armored cars
- 70 Cascavel armored cars
- 72 Véhicule Blindé Léger reconnaissance vehicles
- 400 Saurer infantry fighting vehicles
- 110 piranha armored vehicles
- 200 Otokar Cobra personnel carriers
- 25 Palmaria 155 mm self-propelled howitzers
- 30 BM-21 122mm rocket launchers
- 200 model 56 105mm howitzers
- 16 Roland anti-aircraft missile systems
marine
The Nigerian Navy (NN, Nigerian Navy ) is the naval force of the Nigerian armed forces. The naval command structure consists of the naval headquarters, the base of which is in Abuja, two operational commands with headquarters in Lagos and Calabar , two training commands with headquarters in Lagos , but with training grounds all over Nigeria, two bases of operations, and five bases of operations in front of them ( which are soon to be expanded by two more), two shipyards in Lagos and Port Harcourt and two fleet bases in Lagos and Calabar.
In 1984 Blohm + Voss took over the construction of the Wilmot Point naval base . In 1987 a first part of the shipyard with the training center was officially inaugurated. B + V has also been involved in training shipyard personnel since 1985. The material for a shipbuilding and steel construction hall, a modern machine test bench, electrical and electronics workshops, a laboratory for material testing, crane systems and other material was shipped to Nigeria in around 300 containers. On August 28, 1990, the then Nigerian head of state, General Babangida, inaugurated the entire facility at Wilmot Point. The Navy, including the Coast Guard, has 7,000 armed men.
Known ships
- Aradu (F89) , frigate, laid down at Blohm + Voss, more or less in service with the NN since 1982.
- Thunder (F90) , former US Coast Guard ship, bought by the NN in 2011.
Calls
The NN was involved in the non-violent outcome of a pirate hostage situation in 2010. Pirates boarded the BBC Polonia off the Niger Delta and injured one of the twelve crew members. Marines had secured the abandoned ship on the evening of the kidnapping.
air force
The Nigerian Air Force was formally established in January 1964, with technical support from Germany . The Air Force began life as a transport unit with a crew of pilots trained in Canada , Ethiopia and India . The Luftwaffe had no combat strength until 1966 when the Soviet Union delivered a number of MiG-17s .
In 2007 the Air Force had a strength of 10,000 men. She flies transport planes, training planes, helicopters and fighter jets that the International Institute for Strategic Studies notes are "of very limited operational capability". At the end of 2014, it was reported that Nigeria would buy 25–40 Chengdu FC-1 fighter jets from Pakistan to replace the obsolete Chengdu J-7 fighter jets .
The Air Force sponsors the Air Force Military School in Jos .
Nigeria has embarked on a policy of building military training and military production capacities in the country. Nigeria employs a strict policy strategy of diversifying military procurement from different countries.
Other units
There is a common unit in the region Niger Delta , the Restore Hope called. The headquarters of the Joint Forces JTF HQ is located in Yenagoa .
Nigerian armed forces out of the country
In December 1983, the new regime under Major General Muhammadu Buhari announced that Nigeria would no longer play an active anti-colonial role in Africa. Anglophone members of ECOWAS founded ECOMOG in 1990, which was dominated by the Nigerian army, to intervene in the civil war in Liberia . The Army in Liberia has demonstrated its ability to mobilize, deploy and maintain brigade-sized forces to support peace missions. Smaller armed forces have previously been sent to UN and ECOWAS missions to Yugoslavia , Angola , Rwanda , Somalia and Sierra Leone .
This political position did not prevent Nigeria under General Ibrahim Babangida in 1990 and Sani Abacha in 1997 from sending ECOMOG peace units to Liberia and later Sierra Leone when civil wars broke out in those countries. President Olusegun Obasanjo once again committed Nigerian troops to Liberia in August 2003, at the request of the USA, in order to create an interim solution until the units of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) arrived in the conflict area. Charles Taylor was ousted in this episode and exiled to Nigeria .
In October 2004, Nigerian troops spearheaded the African Union troops in Darfur , Sudan , to stop the genocide in Darfur. Nigeria claims to have contributed more than 20,000 soldiers to various UN missions since 1960. Nigerian police and troops served in missions such as UNIPOM in India and Pakistan in 1965, UNIFIL in Lebanon in 1978, the UN observation mission UNIIMOG , which pacified the Iran-Iraq conflict in 1988, in former Yugoslavia in 1998, in East Timor in 1999 and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( MONUC ) 2004.
Nigerian officers served as chiefs of defense in other countries, with Brigadier General Maxwell Khobe as chief of Sierra Leone's forces from 1998 to 1999, and Nigerian officers served as commanding officers of the Liberian armed forces until at least 2007 .
literature
- Robin Luckham: The Nigerian Military. A Sociological Analysis of Authority and Revolt 1960-67 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1971.
- NJ Miners: The Nigerian Army 1956-66 . Methuen, London 1971.
- Jimi Peters: The Nigerian Military and the State . 1997, ISBN 1-85043-874-9 .
- History of the Nigerian Army 1863-1992 . Nigerian Army Education Corps and School, Abuja 1992.
Web links
- List of Military Health Centers at DHML. Archived from the original on March 27, 2009 ; accessed on March 23, 2020 .
- Military Ranks of the Nigerian Army Military ranks of the Nigerian Army
Individual evidence
- ^ IISS Military Balance 2007, Routledge, p.286
- ^ Library of Congress Country Studies, Nigeria
- ↑ J. Kayode Fayemi: Governing the Security Sector in a Democratizing Polity: Nigeria . In: Gavin Cawthra, Robin Luckham (Eds.): Governing Insecurity: Democratic Control of Military and Security Establishments in Transitional Democracies . Zed Books, London / New York 2003, pp. 57-77 .
- ↑ Quoted from: Herbert M. Howe: Ambiguous Order: Military Forces in African States . Lynne Rienner, Boulder / London 2001, p. 54 (It should be noted, however, that Obasanjo was charged with abusing his position for personal gain.)
- ↑ About NDC. National Defense College, December 10, 2012, accessed July 29, 2013 .
- ↑ http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/dec/11/0097.html , accessed October 2009 and Peter Singer, 'Corporate Warriors,' Cornell University Press , Ithaca and London, 2003, p.131-2 . ISBN 0-8014-4114-5
- ↑ Pirates attack freighters off Nigeria , Deutsche Welle (accessed July 3, 2010)
- ↑ IISS Military Balance 2007
- ^ Operation Restore Hope - Nigeria - Niger Delta , globalsecurity.org
- ↑ Dr Nowa Omoigui
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