Olekminsit

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Olekminsit
General and classification
other names

IMA 1989-047

chemical formula
  • Sr (Sr, Ca, Ba) (CO 3 ) 2
  • Sr (Sr, Ca, Ba) [CO 3 ] 2
  • Sr 2 (CO 3 ) 2
Mineral class
(and possibly department) 		Carbonates and nitrates - carbonates without additional anions; without H 2 O
System no. to Strunz
and to Dana 		5.AB.40 ( 8th edition : V / B.04-065 ("Lapis system"))
02/14/02/03
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system trigonal
Crystal class ; symbol trigonal trapezoidal; 32
Space group P 321 (No. 150)Template: room group / 150
Lattice parameters a  = 8.66  Å ; c  = 6.08 Å
Formula units Z  = 3
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness 3
Density (g / cm 3 ) 3.70 (measured); 3,650 to 3,682 (calculated)
Cleavage no information in the literature
Break ; Tenacity no information in the literature; brittle
colour white to snow white
Line color no information in the literature, according to the mineral color probably white
transparency transparent
shine Glass gloss
Crystal optics
Refractive indices n ω  = 1.670
n ε  = 1.527
Birefringence δ = 0.143
Optical character uniaxial negative
Pleochroism unavailable
Other properties
Chemical behavior not resistant to acids

Olekminskit is a rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class " carbonates and nitrates " (formerly carbonates, nitrates and borates ). It crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system with the idealized chemical composition Sr 2 (CO 3 ) 2 , so it is chemically a strontium carbonate.

Olekminskit develops needle-like crystals up to 0.005-0.010 mm thick, which come together to form spherulitic mineral aggregates with a radius of 0.10-0.15 mm.

The type locality of Olekminskits the alkali rock massif Kedrovy ( Russian Кедровый массив ) in Murunski Massif ( Russian Мурунский массив ; coordinates of Murunski Massif ) at the confluence of Chara and Tokko in Aldanhochland , Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) , Federal District Far East , Russia .

Etymology and history

In the course of the work on carbonate minerals in the Murunski alkali rock massif, phases were found that belong to a continuous series of mixed crystals of minerals between paralstonite , BaCa [CO 3 ] 2 , and an unknown strontium end member, Sr 2 [CO 3 ] 2 . After determining the required physical and optical properties and chemical composition, the mineral was submitted to the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), which recognized it as a new mineral on December 28, 1989 under the provisional designation IMA 1989-047. In 1991 the first scientific description of this mineral was made by a team of Russian scientists around Aleksei A. Konev, Yevgeny I. Vorobev, LF Piskunova, Zinaida F. Ushchapovskaya and GA Tichonova in the Russian scientific magazine "Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva" ("Proceedings of the Russian Mineralogical Society “) as Olekminskite ( Russian Олёкминскит , English Olekminskite ). They named the mineral after the city Olyokminsk ( Russian Олёкминск whose English transcription Olekminsk is), the administrative center of the alkali rock massif Murunski massif. Olyokminsk is located on the southern edge of the Lena Plateau and forms the administrative center of the Rajon of the same name .

The type material (holotype) for Olekminskit is kept under the catalog number p461 / 1 in the systematic collection of the Mineralogical Museum " Alexander Evgenjewitsch Fersman " of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow . Other type material was deposited in the collection of the Museum of the State Mining University in Saint Petersburg (catalog number 2071/1).

As for the mineral, slightly different transcriptions are usual for the type locality in English publications (example).

classification

Since the Olekminskit was only recognized as an independent mineral by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) in 1989 and the discovery was only published in 1991, it is not listed in the 8th edition of the Strunz Mineral Systematics, which has been obsolete since 1977 .

In the last revised and updated Lapis mineral directory in 2018 , which is still based on this outdated system of Karl Hugo Strunz out of consideration for private collectors and institutional collections , the mineral was given the system and mineral number. V / B.04-065 . In the "Lapis system" this corresponds to the section "Anhydrous carbonates [CO 3 ] 2− , without foreign anions ", where olekminsite together with alstonite , aragonite , barytocalcite , cerussite , paralstonite , strontianite and witherite form the "aragonite group" (V / B.04) forms.

The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, which has been in force since 2001 and updated by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) until 2009, assigns the Olekminskit to the “carbonates and nitrates” class, which has been reduced by the borates, and to the “carbonates without additional ones” Anions; without H 2 O “. This is further subdivided according to the group membership of the cations involved , so that the mineral can be found according to its composition in the sub-section "alkaline earth (and other M 2+ ) carbonates", where, together with paralstonite, the unnamed group with the system no . 5.AB.40 forms.

The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns the Olekminsit like the outdated Strunz systematics to the common class of “carbonates, nitrates and borates” and there to the department of “anhydrous carbonates”. Here it is together with norsethite and paralstonite in the " norsethite group " with the system no. 02/14/02 within the sub-section "Anhydrous carbonates with the formula A + B 2+ (CO 3 ) 2 ".

Chemism

Average values from 17 microprobe analyzes on five olekminskite crystals from the alkali rock massif “Kedrovyi” in the Murunskii massif, Russia, yielded 49.86% SrO; 6.68% CaO; 11.23% BaO; La 2 O 3 0.21%, Ce 2 O 3 0.56%; 29.94% CO 2 (calculated from stoichiometry); Total 98.48%. Small amounts of FeO (0.00-0.27%), MnO (0.04-0.19%) and MgO (0.00-0.02%) were also detected. The central areas of the olekmiskite crystals are richer in calcium and barium, the edge areas have higher Sr contents. On the basis of six oxygen atoms, the empirical formula Sr 1.414 Ca 0.350 Ba 0.215 La 0.004 Ce 0.010 (CO 3 ) 2 or Sr 1.00 (Sr 0.414 Ca 0.350 Ba 0.215 La 0.004 Ce 0.010 ) Σ is calculated from the analyzes = 0.990 (CO 3 ) 2.00 , which can be idealized to Sr (Sr, Ca, Ba) (CO 3 ) 2 .

The official IMA formula for the Olekminskit is given as Sr 2 (CO 3 ) 2 . The formula according to Strunz, Sr (Sr, Ca, Ba) [CO 3 ] 2 , follows the formula from the original publication, but here, as usual, the anion group is given in square brackets. The idealized IMA formula, Sr 2 (CO 3 ) 2 , requires 70.19% SrO and 29.81% CO 2 .

The only combination of elements Sr – Ca – Ba – C – O among the currently known minerals (as of 2019) has only one unnamed Ca-Ba carbonate with the formula (Ca, Sr) 2 Ba [CO 3 ] 3 in addition to olekminsite . The combination of elements Sr – C – O, as in the IMA formula of the Olekminskit, only has strontianite , Sr [CO 3 ]. Chemically similar are z. B. Burbankit , (Na, Ca) 3 (Sr, Ba, Ce) 3 (CO 3 ) 5 ; Carbocernaite , (Ca, Na) (Sr, Ce, Ba) (CO 3 ) 2 ; Cordylite- (La) , (Na, Ca) Ba (La, Ce, Sr) 2 (CO 3 ) 4 F; Daqingshanite- (Ce) , (Sr, Ca, Ba) 3 (Ce, La) (CO 3 ) 3-x (PO 4 ) (OH, F) 2x ; and khanneshite , (Na, Ca) 3 (Ba, Sr, Ce, Ca) 3 (CO 3 ) 5 .

Olekminskin forms a mixed crystal series with paralstonite, BaCa [CO 3 ] 2 , which - although there are a number of different chemical compositions between olekminsite and paralstonite - is probably incomplete and therefore has miscibility gaps .

Crystal structure

Olekminskit crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system in the space group P 321 (space group no. 150) with the lattice parameters a = 8.66  Å and c = 6.08 Å as well as three formula units per unit cell . Template: room group / 150

Olekminsite is isotypic (isostructural) with paralstonite - so it has an identical crystal structure to this mineral. The crystal structure of the olefin kit therefore corresponds to that of paralstonite. Strontium sits in two different positions in different coordination. Sr (1) 2+ is linked in a 10-coordinated geometry with ten O 2− atoms (Sr (1) [10] ), while Sr (2) is coordinated by eight oxygen atoms (Sr (2) [8 ] ). Furthermore, there are three crystallographically different, planar (CO 3 ) 2− groups. All units are arranged in an “ABAB…” stacking sequence parallel to (0001).

properties

morphology

Olekminskit forms needle-like, prismatic crystals up to a maximum of 0.15 mm in length and 0.005-0.010 mm thick, which come together to form spherulitic mineral aggregates with a diameter of 0.20 to 0.30 mm. In the transverse fracture, the crystals are round or have a six-sided cross-section. Olekminsite paralstonite aggregates often have a porous structure and often displace barytocalcite.

physical and chemical properties

The crystals of the Olekminskit are white to snow white. Your line color is not specified in the original publication, but due to the mineral color it should be white, as stated in the mineral atlas. The surfaces of the transparent crystals show a characteristic glass-like sheen . Olekminskit has a medium-high light refraction ( n ε  = 1.527; n ω  = 1.670) and - as with many carbonates - a very high birefringence (δ = 0.143) , corresponding to this glass gloss . In transmitted light, the uniaxial negative olefin kit is colorless and shows no pleochroism. He has straight extinction and negative elongation.

No cleavage is specified for olekminskit . Due to its brittleness , however , the mineral breaks like amblygonite , with the fracture surfaces being uneven. There is no information about the break in the original publication. Olekminskit has a Mohs hardness of 3 and is one of the medium-hard minerals that, like the reference mineral calcite (hardness 3), could be scratched with a copper coin if the crystal size was appropriate. The measured density for Olekminskit is 3.70 g / cm³, the calculated density is 3.650 to 3.682 g / cm³.

Olekminskit does not show fluorescence in either short-wave or long-wave UV light (254 nm) . The mineral is not resistant to acids.

Education and Locations

Olekminskit is an unusual accessory mineral which occurs at its type locality in 5 to 10 cm thick veins consisting mainly of gray quartz and white barytocalcite , which are set by intrusive breccias in the alkali rock massif "Kedrovyi". The formation of these gears will be described follows: Following the comparatively hot from a groruditischen magma (Grorudite are aegirinführende peralkaline micro-Granite ) derived calcium-barium-Hydro baths, from which are formed with Barytocalcit mineralized quartz veins, followed solutions with a higher potential Strontium and rare earth metals . As a result, the barytocalcite was replaced by an association consisting of olekminsite, ankylite (possibly also carbocernite ), barite, and calcite. Among the carbonates, phases similar to paralstonite (strontium paralstonite) formed first and then the olekminsite itself. The low temperature, which is indicated by the crystallization of hydroxyl carbonates such as ankylite , contributed to maintaining the zonation in the crystals. Olekminsite also forms in carbonatite complexes and vein-shaped carbonatites. During the investigation of the urease- positive fungi Pestalotiopsis sp. and Myrothecium gramineum for their properties with regard to the biomineralization of CaCO 3 and SrCO 3 , it was found that M. gramineum has the highest ability to remove Sr (2+) from solutions. The fungi lead to the biomineralization of olekminsite and the coprecipitation of strontium in vaterite . The results obtained suggest that urease-positive fungi may play an important role in bioremediation or the bio-recovery of strontium or other metals and radionuclides which form insoluble carbonates.

Accompanying minerals of the olekminskit at the type locality are calcite, barite and barytocalcite displacing anchorite as well as paralstonite, ankylite (Ce) , narsarsukite , sphalerite and galena . Other quartz-carbonate veins at the type locality also contain leukosphenite , epididymite , elpidite , tainiolite , lorenzenite , pyromorphite , anatase , bornite and diginite .

As a seldom to very seldom occurring mineral formation, olekminsite is known only from a few localities or in small numbers. The mineral has been described by around 15 sites so far (as of 2019). The type locality of the Olekminskits is the alkali rock massif "Kedrovyi" in the Murunskii massif at the confluence of the Tschara and Tokko in the Aldan highlands , Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) , Federal District Far East , Russia .

Other locations for Olekminskit are:

Locations from Germany , Austria and Switzerland are therefore unknown.

use

Olekminskit is economically insignificant and only a mineral that is sought after by systematically collecting mineral collectors.

See also

literature

  • Aleksei A. Konev, Yevgeny I. Vorobev, LF Piskunova, Zinaida F. Ushchapovskaya, GA Tichonova: ОЛЕКМИНСКИТ Sr (Sr, Ca, Ba) (CO 3 ) 2 - НОВЫЙ МИНЕРАЛ И НОВЫЙ ИЗОМОРФНЫЙ РЯД ОЛЕКМИНСКИТ - ПАРАЛЬСТОНИТ (Olekminskite Sr (Sr , Ca, Ba) (CO 3 ) 2 - a new mineral and the new isomorphous series olekminskite-paralstonite) . In: Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva . tape 120 , no. 3 , 1991, pp. 89–96 (Russian, rruff.info [PDF; 1.1 MB ; accessed on November 11, 2019]).
  • Olekminskite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 ( handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 63 kB ; accessed on November 11, 2019]).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Aleksei A. Konev, Yevgeny I. Vorobev, LF Piskunova, Zinaida F. Ushchapovskaya, GA Tichonova: ОЛЕКМИНСКИТ Sr (Sr, Ca, Ba) (CO 3 ) 2 - НОВЫЙ МИНЕРАЛ И НОВЫЙ ИЗОМОРФНЫЙ РЯД ОЛЕКМИНСКИТ - ПАРАЛЬСТОНИТ (Olekminskite Sr (Sr, Ca, Ba) (CO 3 ) 2 - a new mineral and the new isomorphous series olekminskite-paralstonite) . In: Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva . tape 120 , no. 3 , 1991, pp. 89–96 (Russian, rruff.info [PDF; 1.1 MB ; accessed on November 11, 2019]).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel: Strunz Mineralogical Tables . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p.  289 .
  3. ↑ a b Malcolm Back, William D. Birch, Michel Blondieau and others: The New IMA List of Minerals - A Work in Progress - Updated: September 2019. (PDF 2692 kB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, Marco Pasero, September 2019, accessed October 4, 2019 .
  4. ↑ a b Olekminskite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 ( handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 63  kB ; accessed on November 11, 2019]).
  5. ↑ a b c d Stefan Schorn and others: Olekminskit. In: mineralienatlas.de. Retrieved November 11, 2019 .
  6. ^ A b Igor V. Pekov: Minerals first discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union . 1st edition. Ocean Pictures, Moscow 1998, ISBN 5-900395-16-2 , pp. 155-156 (English).
  7. ↑ a b Kedrovyi alkaline massif. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed November 11, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Stefan Weiß: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties. Status 03/2018 . 7th, completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-921656-83-9 .
  9. ↑ Ernest H. Nickel, Monte C. Nichols: IMA / CNMNC List of Minerals 2009. (PDF 1703 kB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, January 2009, accessed September 25, 2019 .
  10. ↑ a b Minerals with Sr, Ba, Ca, C, O. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed November 11, 2019 .
  11. ↑ a b c Olekminskite. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed November 11, 2019 .
  12. ^ Luke LY Chang , Robert Andrew Howie , Jack Zussman : Rock-forming minerals Vol. 5B: Mon-silicates: Sulphates, Carbonates, Phosphates and Halides . 2nd Edition. Longman, London 1996, ISBN 0-582-30093-2 , pp.  263–271 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search - first edition: 1961).
  13. ↑ a b Gianbosco Traversa, Celso B. Gomes, Piero Brotzu, Nicoletta Buraglini, Lucio Morbidelli, Maria Speranza Principato, Sara Ronca, Excelso Ruberti: Petrography and mineral chemistry of carbonatites and mica-rich rocks from the Araxá complex (Alto Paranaíba, Province, Brazil) . In: Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências . tape 73 , no. 1 , 2001, p. 71–98 , doi : 10.1590 / S0001-37652001000100008 (English, scielo.br [PHP; 1.6 MB ; accessed on October 4, 2019]).
  14. ↑ Qianwei Li, Laszlo Csetenyi, Graeme Iain Paton, Geoffrey Michael Gadd: CaCO 3 and SrCO 3 bioprecipitation by fungi isolated from calcareous soil . In: Environmental Microbiology . tape 17 , no. 8 , 2015, p. 3082–3097 , doi : 10.1111 / 1462-2920.12954 (English, researchgate.net [PDF; 1.7 MB ; accessed on November 11, 2019]).
  15. ↑ Localities for Olekminskite. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed November 11, 2019 .
  16. ↑ a b c List of locations for Olekminskit in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat (accessed on November 11, 2019)
  17. ↑ Caroline Siqueira Gomide: Geoquímica e química mineral de carbonatitos e isótopos estáveis ​​em carbonatitos da província ígnea do alto Paranaíba . Tese (Doutorado em Geologia). Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 1990, ISBN 0-11-884471-7 , doi : 10.26512 / 2015.12.T.20104 (English, 252 pp., Repositorio.unb.br [PDF; 29.6 MB ; accessed on October 4, 2019]).
  18. ↑ Natalia V. Sorokhtina, Nikita V. Chukanov, Anatolii V. Voloshin, Yakov A. Pakhomovsky, Alla N. Bogdanova, Mikhail M. Moiseev: Cymrite as an indicator of high barium activity in the formation of hydrothermal rocks related to carbonatites of the Kola Peninsula . In: Geology of Ore Deposits . tape 50 , no. 7 , 2008, p. 620–628 , doi : 10.1134 / s1075701508070131 (English).
  19. ↑ Yulia V. Belovitskaya, Igor V. Pekov: On Baryto-Calcite . In: Genetic mineralogy of the burbankite group . tape 39 , 2004, p. 50–64 (English, rruff.info [PDF; 1.1 MB ; accessed on October 4, 2019]).
  20. ↑ Victor V. Sharygin, Vadim S. Kamenetsky, Maya B. Kamenetsky: Potassium sulfides in kimberlite-hosted chloride- “nyerereite” and chloride clasts of Udachnaya-East pipe, Yakutia, Russia . In: The Canadian Mineralogist . tape 46 , no. 4 , 2008, p. 1079-1095 , doi : 10.3749 / canmin.46.4.1079 (English, rruff.info [PDF; 1.1 MB ; accessed on October 17, 2019]).