Syców

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Syców
Syców Coat of Arms
Syców (Poland)
Syców
Syców
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Oleśnica
Area : 17.06  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 19 '  N , 17 ° 43'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 19 '0 "  N , 17 ° 43' 0"  E
Height : 153 m npm
Residents : 10,397
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 56-500
Telephone code : (+48) 62
License plate : DOL
Economy and Transport
Street : E 67 : Hradec Králové - Piotrków Trybunalski
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 12 school offices
Surface: 144.79 km²
Residents: 16,874
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 117 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0214073
Administration (as of 2020)
Mayor : Dariusz Maniak
Address: ul. Mickiewicza 1
56-500 Syców
Website : www.sycow.pl



Syców [ 'sɨʦuf ] ( German Groß Wartenberg , formerly Polish Wartenberg ) is a town with over 10,000 inhabitants in the powiat Oleśnicki of the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia .

Geographical location

The city is located in Lower Silesia in the Katzengebirge , about 47 kilometers northeast of Wroclaw , and is traversed by the Polish Water ( Młyńska Woda ), a left tributary of the Bartsch ( Barycz ).

To the north of the municipality of Syców is the small town of Międzybórz , to the west the city of Twardogóra , to the south the rural municipality of Dziadowa Kłoda and to the east the rural municipality of Perzów .

City arms

The coat of arms of Syców shows on a black background an armored rider on a white horse, kicking his horn. Three golden stars float around the equestrian figure. An older coat of arms also showed a white hunting dog running alongside the steed.

history

Polish Wartenberg southeast of the city of Posen , west of the city of Kempen and south of the city of Mittelwalde on a map of the province of Posen from 1905 (areas marked in yellow indicate areas with a majority of Polish- speaking population at the time ).

Among the Silesian Piasts

Seal of the city from 1377
Remains of the city fortifications from the Middle Ages
The classical Protestant parish church of the Holy Apostles John and Peter was built between 1785 and 1789
Wartenberg Castle around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection
Market square in Syców

At the end of the 12th century, the place and the area were first mentioned as districtus Syczow sive Wartinbergk in a document of the diocese of Breslau . An Albert of sulking was 1,276 as castellanus in Wrathenberc called, indicating that the city before this date an important place on the trade route Breslau Kalisch - Thorn was. It also attests to the presence of a permanent castle that was outside the city. In 1287 the parish church was mentioned.

By dividing inheritance from the Duchy of Breslau , Wartenberg fell to the Duchy of Glogau in 1293 , and in 1320 the city became part of the Duchy of Oels . The Magdeburg town charter is attested for the year 1369 for Wartenberg and also the first town seal. Around 1400 the Piasts built the parish church dedicated to St. Apostles Peter and Paul.

Under the bohemian crown

After the death of the last Piastic Duke of Oels, the rule of Wartenberg was withdrawn in 1489 as a settled fiefdom from King Vladislav II Jagellonicus. The king separated Wartenberg from the Duchy of Oels and created a free class rule , which remained in the possession of the Lords of Haugwitz until 1517 . From 1529–1571 the rulership was the property of the Barons von Maltzan . In 1571 Elisabeth von Maltzan sold the rulership for 133,000 guilders to Baron Georg von Braun ( ancestor of Wernher von Braun ). The city flourished under Braun: He promoted the craft and protected the farmers on his estates. In 1591 Georg Wilhelm von Braun sold the estate for 140,000 thalers to Abraham , Burgrave of Dohna-Schlobitten . Dohna, an ardent Catholic , returned all the churches that had become Protestant in the state to the Catholic clergy . Not far from the old castle, Burgrave Dohna began building a new castle in 1594; the work lasted until 1608.

To distinguish it from Deutsch-Wartenberg in the Grünberg district , the city was called Polish-Wartenberg from 1610 . In 1734, Imperial Count Ernst Johann von Biron , later Duke of Courland , acquired the state rule, which remained with his descendants, the Princely House of Biron von Curland , until 1945 . Polish Wartenberg came with Silesia to Prussia in 1742 and became the capital of a district totaling 813.89 km².

Under Prussian rule

During the Prussian period the city became an important center for linen weaving . In 1805 the city wall was torn down. In 1825 many weavers emigrated to the cities of Kalisz and Zgierz in Congress Poland . The castle was enlarged in 1853 and rebuilt in the Tudor style. In 1880 the city had 214 houses and 2320 inhabitants, of which 1306 were Protestants, 887 Catholics and 127 Jews. The predominantly German population subsisted on agriculture and forestry as well as craft and trade. In the Polish Wartenberg district, however , the Germans were only in a narrow majority compared to the Poles. In 1888 the city was renamed Groß Wartenberg .

After the end of the First World War , 382.59 square kilometers and thus almost half of the area of the Groß Wartenberg district had to be ceded to the Second Polish Republic in 1920 due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty ; however, the city of Groß Wartenberg itself remained with the German Empire .

1945 to the 2010s

In January 1945, the city fell completely unscathed into the hands of the Soviet Army , which stayed here until the summer of 1945. The city (including the town hall) and the castle were looted and set on fire. After the war ended, the city was placed under Polish administration. In the following period, the German residents were evicted by the local Polish administration and replaced by Poles. For Groß Wartenberg, the Poles introduced the place name Syców .

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1775 2,319
1880 2,269
1890 2,385 1,392 Protestants, 893 Catholics and 99 Jews
1900 2,385 mostly evangelicals
1925 2,209
1933 2,969
1939 3,096
1946 2,600
1961 4,277
1970 5,637

The free rulers of Wartenberg

The family is now called "Prince von Biron-Curland" and in 2005 they lived in Munich .

traffic

The S8 expressway runs south of the city .

Attractions

City parish church of St. Peter and Paul
The post office built in 1887
  • The Catholic parish church of St. Peter and Paul . A Gothic building from the 15th century that was rebuilt in a neo-Gothic style in the 19th century .
  • Classicist Evangelist Parish Church of the Holy Apostles John and Peter (former Castle Church) was from 1785 to 1789, designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans built
  • Gothic gate tower of the city wall from the 15th century
  • The city ​​park (formerly the castle park), laid out in 1813, with sculptures, some of which come from the castle that was destroyed in 1945
  • Post office from 1887

Economy and Transport

Around 15 larger companies from the furniture, food and agricultural machine industries are active in the city. The unemployment rate in 2004 was 25.9%.

Syców had a station on the Herby – Oleśnica railway lines (another stop in Stradomia Wierzchnia ) and Syców – Bukowa Śląska (another stop in Ślizów). The station has been closed since 2002, but it is a charming building and can be visited. It is located about two kilometers from the city center; at the western end of Kolejowa Street.

education

In Syców there is a middle school ( gimnazjum ; 7th-9th grade), six elementary schools ( szkoła podstawowa ), three municipal kindergartens ( przedszkola ) and a private kindergarten.

Religions

The majority of the population is Roman Catholic , but there is also a Protestant community with its own church. Around 50 Jews lived in Syców up to the beginning of the Second World War.

local community

The urban and rural community of Syców is divided into the following districts ( German names until 1945 ) with the Schulzenamt ( sołectwo ) in addition to the city of Syców :

  • Biskupice ( Bischdorf )
  • Drołtowice ( Rudelsdorf )
  • Działosza ( Ottendorf )
  • Gaszowice ( Görnsdorf )
  • Komorów ( Kammerau )
  • Nowy Dwór ( Karolinsburg )
  • Stradomia Wierzchnia ( Upper Stradam )
  • Szczodrów ( Schollendorf )
  • Ślizów ( Schleise )
  • Wielowieś ( Langendorf )
  • Wioska ( Mühlenort )
  • Zawada ( Dyhrnfeld )

Personalities

literature

  • Friedrich Gustav Gerhard Kurts: Memories from the history of the city and the state rule of Wartenberg . Wartenberg 1846 ( e-copy ).
  • Jan Władysław Grabski: 200 miast wróciło do Polski , Poznań 1948
  • Traud Gravenhorst, Silesia - Experiences of a Country , Breslau 1938
  • Groß Wartenberg town and district. A description of the Lower Silesian district up to 1945. Compiled by Karl-Heinz Eisert, published in 1974 by the home district organization Groß Wartenberg in Karl-Heinz Eisert Verlag Alfdorf / Württ.
  • Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-520-31602-1 .
  • Kulak Teresa, Mrozowicz Wojciech - SYCÓW I OKOLICE, od czasów najdawniejszych po współczesność, Wrocław – Syców 2000
  • Dehio -Manual of Art Monuments in Poland Silesia. Munich Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X

Web links

Commons : Syców  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ Website of the municipality, Burmistrz , accessed on March 11, 2015
  3. ↑ See http://territorial.de/ndschles/grwarten/landkrs.htm
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990.wartberg.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  5. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 8, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, p. 428.
  6. ^ Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Retrieved March 2, 2018 .
  7. ↑ The Genealogical Place Directory