Schallaburg

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Schallaburg
South-east view of the Schallaburg with gardens

South-east view of the Schallaburg with gardens

Creation time : before 1100
Conservation status: Renaissance remodeling
Standing position : Count castle
Place: Schollach
Geographical location 48 ° 11 '20.4 "  N , 15 ° 21' 21.4"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 11 '20.4 "  N , 15 ° 21' 21.4"  E
Schallaburg (Lower Austria)
Schallaburg

The Schallaburg is located around six kilometers south of Melk in the village of Schallaburg in the Lower Austrian municipality of Schollach .

The castle was built in the 11th century. From 1540 onwards the renovation and expansion to a renaissance castle took place . The castle has served as the exhibition center of the state of Lower Austria since 1974 and, together with Melk Abbey, is one of the most popular excursion destinations in Lower Austria .

history

Schallaburg around 1670

Finds prove that the castle hill was settled as early as Roman times . Sieghard von Schala , who was murdered in Regensburg in 1104, is known as the first owner . The Counts of Schala died out a short time later.

In 1242, the castle appears for the first time in a document as the Feste Schala. From the 13th to the 15th century it was owned by the Lords of Zelking .

The Schallaburg was owned by the Lords of Losenstein from 1450 to 1614. (Article available) The major expansion of the castle into a renaissance castle also took place at this time. In nearby Loosdorf , Hans Wilhelm von Losenstein founded a high school for Protestant youth, which made the Schallaburg the center of Protestants in Lower Austria in the 16th century . After the death of Hans Wilhelm von Losenstein, the heirs had to sell the castle to the Lords of Stubenberg due to excessive indebtedness , who in turn were forced to sell the rule to the Kletzl von Altenach family in 1660 for religious reasons . In 1762 Bartholomäus III acquired from Tinti the castle. Karl Gustav Freiherr Tinti had the large arcade courtyard renovated from 1906 to 1908. The impoverished Hugo Freiherr von Tinti finally sold the castle to Josef Freiherr von Nagel-Doornick from Westphalia in 1940 . After the Second World War, the castle was incorporated into the USIA as German property and taken over by the Republic of Austria under the State Treaty .

In 1968 the state of Lower Austria bought the facility, renovated it and in 1974 opened an exhibition center on an international level. The building researcher and architect Wilhelm Zotti was responsible for the renovation from 1968 to 1974 .

Summary of the building history

The topographically favorable situation of the Geländesporn has been used for settlement at the latest since the Urnfields, for the Schallaburg itself the existence of a classical complex for the High Middle Ages with a bering, hall, chapel and possibly keep can be assumed since 1100. While the curtain wall was raised, expanded, provided with a battlement path in various construction phases and provided with loopholes after the advent of firearms, the several times heightened, finally five-story palas lost its function as a residence in the 16th century and was converted into a storage building. With the emphasis on the building edges by means of humpback blocks and the imitation of antique window shapes, there was a clear reference of the palace to Roman models in the high Middle Ages, which can be interpreted as an attempt by the owner to legitimize the claim to power. Around 1570/80, the north facade of the palace was finally covered with an arcade that was much more representative of the Renaissance period. Little information can be made about the keep, which visually contrasted with the tower-like hall, due to the lack of the existing structure. The chapel, the apse of which protruded from the Bering, was probably fitted with a three-aisled, four-bay column crypt with groin vaults before the 12th century, which, as part of a castle complex, has a special position in Austria. In the Baroque era, there were decisive changes to the small sacred space, for example a new altar was erected on the south wall of the chapel and a wide window was broken into the chapel apse. The investigations also suggest a building that was probably referred to as the north-east palace that adjoined the chapel. In the 13th century, due to the division of rule, a courtyard wall was built in the direction from southwest to northeast, which separated the northern from the southern castle area. In the southern area, a new, probably three-story residential building was built, followed by other residential buildings, which is why the term "residential castle" was incorrectly used for this part of the castle, in contrast to the northern "outer bailey". The separation into two areas led to the creation of a "castle within the castle" on the Schallaburg. In the 15th and early 16th centuries, the fortifications of the Schallaburg were expanded, among other things, the high medieval kennel complex was equipped with two flanking towers. The south tower served the use of handguns, the east tower is likely to be a late Gothic gun turret. Around this time, the three-storey west wing, the so-called Excellence Wing, was also expanded to include the living area into which the representative ballroom was relocated. Another three-story residential wing was built at the northeast corner of the southern castle area, for which a late medieval predecessor can be assumed. The access to the gallery on the second floor suggests that the lord's living quarters were located there. From 1540 to 1600, under Christoph II and Hans Wilhelm von Losenstein, the Schallaburg was expanded into a renaissance castle. Influenced by Italian models, the appearance was standardized, for example, with more spacious windows. Medieval components were razed and the northeastern Bering Wall abandoned, increasing the terrain. The newly built hall building, flanked by two corner towers, set a representative symbol and was decisive for further extensions. The west wing was increased and a north-east wing was added to the existing north-west wing. In a southerly direction, fortifications built during this period now shape the appearance of the complex, as well as the terracotta architecture of the large arcade courtyard and the picturesque design of the newly built buildings. Hochturm, Försterstöckl, Jägerstöckl, New Castle and Courthouse form an irregular pentagon in the south, which was used for modern defense. In comparison, only minor modifications or adaptation measures were carried out in the following century. The first renovation work was carried out in 1906/08, until 1968/74, thanks to extensive measures, the castle could be saved from the impending deterioration after the world wars and expanded into an ideal event center.

Structure of the palace complex

Site plan of the Schallaburg

see adjacent figure:

  • T high tower
  • 1 large arcaded courtyard
  • 2 small yard
  • 3 residential castle ( ruin )
  • 4 Försterstöckl
  • 5 chapel ( Romanesque )
  • 6 Tournament courtyard (Renaissance ornamental garden)
  • 7 Jägerstöckl
  • 8 kennels
  • 9 Northwest Tower
  • 10 northeast tower

Building description

Gate structures

After the driveway and in front of the moat there is the so-called "Jägerstöckl". The passage of the two-storey long gate building has arched gates on both sides in a rusticated rectangular portal field with roofing. After the moat, a two-storey transverse gate was built, which is called "Försterstöckl". The representative portal is marked with 1573. Above the passage the Losenstein / Roggenstein coat of arms in a cartouche frame with an angel statue (inscribed 1598). Another gateway is the passage from the forecourt to the large courtyard. It is like a stick and is structured by painted cornices and upholstery blocks .

Arcaded courtyards

Large arcaded courtyard

The arcades of the large courtyard, which has the shape of a trapezoid, were built around 1575. You received a terracotta cladding , which consists of approx. 1600 individual parts and which in this way are a unique monument in the so-called German Renaissance .

The small arcaded courtyard was built in the 13th and 14th centuries. Century and the arcade installation took place around 1540/50. In the northeast of the courtyard is the chapel and opposite to the west is the landmark lookout tower from the end of the 16th century, which towers above the entire complex. The eight storeys of the tower are structured geometrically and grid-like by cornices, plaster strips as well as painted square blocks and strip pilasters.

Historical description

A trip to the Schallaburg is described in a hiking guide from the Biedermeier period , the work of Vienna's surroundings for twenty hours in the vicinity of Adolf Schmidl from 1835:

A second gateway leads to the large courtyard, and what a sight!
On three sides of the courtyard there is an archway that carries an open gallery, to which two staircases, provided with delicate iron bars, lead up. The intermediate pillars of this gallery, as well as the arched cornice of the same, are covered all around with bas-reliefs and sculptures made of red fired clay, which appear like marble when you first enter, and offer the most surprising, imposing sight!

Picture gallery

  • Southwest view of the castle

  • North view of the castle

  • The gate construction "Försterstöckl"

  • Small arcaded courtyard

Events and exhibitions

The Schallaburg has been owned by the State of Lower Austria since 1967 and is home to an exhibition center where major exhibitions take place every year. The opening exhibition in 1974 on the subject of the Renaissance in Austria and the 1983 exhibition Peru through the millennia took place as Lower Austrian provincial exhibitions. From 1976 to 1999 Willy Kralik produced and hosted the weekly radio quiz tournament on the Schallaburg. From 1999 the program was renamed Schlossturnier von Radio Niederösterreich and has been touring Austria ever since. On June 11, 1995, the permanent exhibition Toys - a small world for young and old. Collection Dr. Mayr opened. Since 1997 there has been an annual games festival and Advent at Schloss Schallaburg , and since 2003 a natural garden festival . In 2005, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Austrian State Treaty, a special exhibition about the occupation from 1945–1955 took place. The original document from Russia, which is normally not allowed to leave the country, was also on display as a showpiece. In 2014, the Schallaburg presented Europe's largest exhibition on the First World War.

Exhibitions at the Schallaburg

( Information up to 2004 according to the Festschrift 30 Years of Schallaburg)

year Main exhibition Visitors Side exhibition (s) Visitors
1974 Renaissance in Austria 323.125
1975 Treasures from Lower Austria - from the early days to the present 072.992
1976 Italian small sculptures , drawings and music of the Renaissance 083,021 Weapons of the 16th and 17th centuries
1977 The Viennese bourgeois armory - armaments and weapons from 5 centuries 139,618
1978 The Viennese bourgeois armory - armaments and weapons from 5 centuries 091,236 Vienna 1848
1979 Bulgaria - 7000 years of art and culture in Sofia 107.296
1980 Nobility , burghers , peasants in the 18th century 123.654 Sumer , Assur , Babylon - 7 millennia of art and culture on the Euphrates and Tigris 062,177
1981 Nobility, burghers, peasants in the 18th century 058.202 A baroque treasure trove - the art treasures of the Institute of the English Misses in St. Pölten from the 18th century
1982 Matthias Corvinus and the Renaissance in Hungary 099.113
1983 Peru through the millennia - art and culture in the land of the Inca 192.108
1984 Baroque and classic - art centers of the 18th century in the GDR 146.089
1985 The “wild” fifties - forms and feelings of a decade in Austria 250.412 Etruscan - Aspects of Etruscan Art 068,854
1986 Poland in the age of the Jagiellonians 1386–1572 092,028 Byzantine mosaics from Jordan 033,292
1987 Toys , games and gadgets 208.014 Aquincum - the Roman Budapest 031,548
1988 Toys, games and gadgets 081,346 The fascination of the colorful shadow - Pi-ying: Chinese shadow theater
The Royal Route - 9000 years of art and culture in Jordan
1989 Prague baroque 075,966 The Balts - the northern neighbors of the Slavs
Ancient Coptic textiles from private Austrian ownership
1990 Brittany - the culture of the country by the sea 1300–1990 080.005 Gods, heroes, rulers in Lycia
1991 Cityscapes in Flanders - traces of bourgeois culture 1477–1787 047,559
1992 Kurds - Azadi - freedom in the mountains 062,814 Gaudeamus igitur - Student life then and now
1993 Magic hands - sensual arts from India 097.291
1994 Enjoyment & art - coffee , tea , chocolate , tobacco , cola 096,497 Syria - From the Apostles to the Caliphs
Albania - Land of the Skipetars
1995 People after the war - their fates from 1945–1955 085.117 Places of Encounter from Yesterday - A Poetic Contemplation of Today
1996 Austrian Empire 1804–1848 063.020 Crowns - symbols of rulership in the world
1997 Witnesses of intimacy - private rooms of the imperial family and the Bohemian nobility, watercolors and interiors from the 19th century 054,295
1998 Egypt - Late Antiquity and Christianity on the Nile 063,228 Sepp Gamsjäger - celebrities in portraits
1999 Front Austria , just the tail feather of the imperial eagle? - The Habsburgs in the German southwest 045,783 Bamboo , tin and calabashes - toys beyond wealth
2000 Lorraine's legacy - Franz Stephan von Lothringen (1708–1765) and his work in the economy, science and art of the Habsburg monarchy 060.167 Baroque - the heyday of the European order of knights
Searching for traces - Chernivtsi and Bukovina then and now
2001 Mysterious world of ancient Tibet 139,309
2002 Sudan - Arabia and Black Africa on the Nile 082,476 Evangelical! - Yesterday and today a church
100 years of teddy bear
100 years of radio in Austria
2003 Riches from golden Malaysia 069,829 Tarot - my only pleasure
2004 The pyramids of Egypt - monuments of eternity 138,074 30 years of Schallaburg as an exhibition and event center
2005 Austria is free - the Austrian State Treaty 1955 220,517
2006 Genghis Khan and his heirs - the Mongol Empire 145,000
2007 The crusaders - pilgrims, warriors, adventurers 184,889
2008 Indians - indigenous people of North America 168,612
2009 Napoleon - general, emperor and genius 120,715
2010 The 60s . Beatles , pill and revolt 221,493
2011 Venice - maritime power, art and carnival 128,803
2012 The golden Byzantium and the Orient 140.065
2013 The India of the Maharajas 127,610
2014 Jubilation & misery. Living with the Great War 1914–1918 168,836
2015 Vikings ! 168.710
2016 The 70s - then there was the future 169,862
2017 Islam 90,000 Freedom through education - 500 years of the Reformation
2018 Byzantium & the West. 1000 forgotten years

literature

  • Rupert Feuchtmüller (Ed.): Schloss Schallaburg. 1974, ISBN 3-85326-409-3 .
  • Wilhelm Zotti : The restoration of the Schallaburg. A documentation. Verlag Niederösterreichisches Pressehaus, St. Pölten 1975, ISBN 3-85326-410-7 .
  • The art monuments of Austria. Dehio Lower Austria south of the Danube 2003 . Schallaburg (place), community Schollach, Schloss Schallaburg, pp. 2090–2096.
  • Gottfried Stangler (Ed.): Festschrift 30 Years of Schallaburg: International Exhibition and Event Center of the Province of Lower Austria . On behalf of the Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, Department of Culture and Science. Catalog of the Lower Austrian State Museum New Series No. 447, St. Pölten 2004, ISBN 3-85460-214-6
  • Wilhelm-Christian Erasmus (ed.): Castles, monasteries and palaces in the Waldviertel, Danube region, South Bohemia, Vysočina and South Moravia regions . Destination Waldviertel, Zwettl 2007, ISBN 978-3-9502262-2-5 , p. 101 ff.
  • Peter Aichinger-Rosenberger (Ed.): The Schallaburg , history, archeology, building research. Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz , Weitra 2011, ISBN 978-3-901862-31-1 .
  • Oliver Fries , Robert Kuttig, Christiane Wolfgang: "Castrum quod dicitur Schala" - From the high medieval castle to the modern exhibition center , in: Peter Aichinger-Rosenberger (Ed.), Die Schallaburg , Archeology, Building Research, History (Weitra 2011) p. 177 -284.
  • Oliver Fries and Robert Kuttig, The castle chapel at Schloss Schallaburg. Results of the building history investigations 2009–2015. , in: Austrian Journal for Art and Monument Preservation LXX (2016), pp. 20–41.
  • Ralph Andraschek-Holzer : The Schallaburg in the picture. From the baroque to the present. Verl. Library d. Province, Weitra 2013, ISBN 978-3-99028-247-2 .

Web links

Commons : Schallaburg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ History of the renaissance castle Schallaburg ( Memento of the original from August 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Retrieved Oct. 2, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schallaburg.at
  2. ↑ The Schallaburg . Schallaburg Kulturbetriebsges.mbH, 1st edition 2011, ISBN 978-3-901862-31-1 , page 91
  3. ^ Austrian press office: The history of the Schallaburg ; accessed on April 15, 2018
  4. ↑ a b c Dehio-Handbuch : Die Kunstdenkmäler Österreichs: Lower Austria - south of the Danube, part 2: Schallaburg ; Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.), Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-85028-365-8
  5. ^ Adolf Schmidl: Vienna's surroundings for twenty hours in a circle. Described by Adolf Schmidl after his own hikes. Printed and published by Carl Gerold, Vienna 1835, p. 324.
  6. ↑ Witnesses of horror: handmade glass eyes. In: DiePresse.com. March 28, 2014, accessed January 14, 2018 .
  7. ↑ 138,074 visitors to the "Pyramids of Egypt". Press service of the Office of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government, November 4, 2004, accessed on November 7, 2012.
  8. ↑ Balance of the Lower Austrian State Exhibition and State Treaty Show 2005. Press service of the Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, November 3, 2005, accessed on November 7, 2012.
  9. ↑ 145,000 visitors to "Genghis Khan and his heirs". Press service of the Office of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government, November 3, 2006, accessed on November 7, 2012.
  10. ↑ Around 185,000 visitors to the Schallaburg. Press service of the Office of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government, November 5, 2007, accessed on November 7, 2012.
  11. ↑ This year 168,612 visitors to the "Indians" on the Schallaburg. Press service of the Office of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government, October 20, 2008, accessed on November 7, 2012.
  12. ↑ 120,715 visitors saw the Napoleon show at the Schallaburg. Press service of the Office of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government, November 4, 2009, accessed on November 7, 2012.
  13. ↑ Sensational success for Schloss Schallaburg.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. www.schallaburg.at, accessed on November 21, 2010.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.schallaburg.at  
  14. ↑ "Venice" show went on the Schallaburg over. Press service of the Office of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government, November 7, 2011, accessed on November 11, 2011.
  15. ↑ 140,065 visitors saw "The Golden Byzantium" at the Schallaburg. Press service of the Office of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government, November 5, 2012, accessed on November 7, 2012.
  16. ↑ 127,610 visitors to the "India" show at the Schallaburg. Press service of the Office of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government, November 11, 2013, accessed on November 16, 2013.
  17. ↑ Schallaburg looks back on a successful exhibition. Press service of the Office of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government, November 11, 2014, accessed on November 22, 2014.
  18. ^ "Vikings!" - Exhibition at the Schallaburg has come to an end. Press service of the Office of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government, November 9, 2015, accessed on November 15, 2015.
  19. ↑ “The 70s - Back then there was the future” at Schallaburg. Press service of the Office of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government, November 7, 2016, accessed on November 8, 2016.
  20. ↑ "319,000 exhibition visitors in Schallaburg and Pöggstall" on salzburg.com