September 1914
Portal history | Portal Biographies | Current events | Annual calendar
◄ |
19th century |
20th century
| 21st century
◄ |
1880s |
1890s |
1900s |
1910s
| 1920s
| 1930s
| 1940s
| ►
◄ |
1910 |
1911 |
1912 |
1913 |
1914
| 1915
| 1916
| 1917
| 1918
| ►
◄ |
June 1914 |
July 1914 |
August 1914 |
September 1914 |
October 1914 |
November 1914 |
December 1914 |
►
| Contents: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
This article covers breaking news and events in September 1914.
Daily events
Saturday 5th September
- On the Marne / France : The German advance of the five armies of the German right wing , which began on August 2, is stopped by a surprising Franco- English counter-offensive under Marshal Joseph Joffre and Field Marshal John French . The resulting Battle of the Marne lasted until September 12th .
Wednesday September 9th
- German Empire : Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg reports in the September program the war aims of the Reich leadership at the beginning of the First World War . The central goal was to secure the German Empire to the west and east for a possible period of time. To this end, France must be so weakened that it cannot rise again as a great power, Russia must be pushed aside from the German border if possible, and its rule over the non-Russian vassal peoples broken.
- South African Union : After South Africa's Prime Minister Louis Botha declared that the Germans had crossed the border, the South African parliament decided to participate in the war.
- On the Marne / France : In the course of the Battle of the Marne , the German Army begins a tactical retreat to the Aisne . The Schlieffen Plan thus failed and the first turning point of the First World War was reached.
Thursday September 10th
- German Empire : Karl Wenninger , Hermann Freiherr von Stein and Friedrich von Pechmann are promoted to lieutenant general. Adolph von Carlowitz and Hans Krug von Nidda received their promotion to general of the infantry and general of the cavalry, respectively. Albert Beckh is made major and Jakob von Danner is promoted to lieutenant colonel .
- Walvis Bay / South African Union : The German protection force occupies the exclave belonging to the South African Union and keeps it under control until December 25, 1914.
- Madrid / Spain : The seventh Universal Postal Congress originally planned for the day has been postponed due to the outbreak of the First World War . It was made up for after the war on October 1, 1920.
- Ciechanów / Poland : The first fighting takes place in the area. As a result, several battles until July 16, 1915 resulted in severe damage and a subsequent cholera epidemic.
Friday September 11th
Viktor Dankl , one of the commanders of the Austro-Hungarian troops in Galicia.
.jpg)
- Galicia : A series of separately scheduled battles between the deploying troops of the Russian Empire and Austria-Hungary comes to an end. The fighting began on August 23 and, despite initial successes, ended with the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian troops, which were withdrawing from the country. In total, the Russians take 130,000 prisoners, the total Austrian casualties are 324,000 men. On the other hand, there were 225,000 casualties and 40,000 prisoners on the Russian side.
- Cieszanów / Poland : The Russian army marches into the city after the Austrian army had withdrawn two days earlier . The Russians can occupy the city until June 18, 1915.
- Cameroon : A fleet of the Entente , consisting of 24 war and transport ships as well as river boats, gathers in the mouth of the Cameroon River . Four outdated field guns can delay the occupation of the port of Duala , but not prevent it.
- Geising / German Empire : Paul Lohse, head of the Paul Lohse brewery, which has existed since 1862 , dies north of Goldap ( East Prussia ) as a guard rider in the battle of the Masurian Lakes . As a result, the company must be closed.
- German New Guinea : Australian forces reach Kaiser-Wilhelms-Land and Bismarck Archipelago . The total strength includes about 6,000 soldiers, a battleship , two cruisers , three destroyers and the only two Australian submarines . The Germans set up a defensive position at Bita Paka .
Saturday September 12th
- Aisne / France : As a result of the withdrawal of the German western army after the defeat on the Marne , the Battle of the Aisne developed , the first battle of the First World War, in which the troops had to defend themselves in trenches in addition to the attacks due to the strong artillery fire. This begins the trench warfare on the Western Front .
Monday September 14th
- German Empire : After the lost Battle of the Marne can Kaiser Wilhelm II (German). To Helmuth von Moltke the Younger , the chief of the Supreme Command , by Erich von Falkenhayn replace. The change in leadership remains secret for the time being in order to disguise the admission of failure. He is reproached for watering down the Schlieffen Plan, staying too far away from the front and sending soldiers to the east when they were not yet needed there, but were still needed for the attack in the west.
- First battle on the Aisne : Day of the major battle for the Chemin des Dames , the attacks by the British between Courtecon and Hurtebise, which have been carried out since September 13, continue. The northern slope of the high ground can be held by intervention of the German 7th Army, the front of this section solidifies to trench warfare .
Wednesday September 16
- German Colony Cameroon : The Nachtigal , a steamer converted into a makeshift gunboat, tries to attack the British gunboat Dwarf . When the nightingale was detected early by searchlights of the dwarf around 10 p.m. and was set under fire, the nightingale's commander decided to ram. This ended with the sinking of the Nachtigale, with part of the crew drowning, while the Dwarf was able to resume service after three weeks of repairs.
- Paris / France : The Women's Hospital Corps , a military association of the British Military Medical Corps (RAMC) led by Louisa Garrett Anderson and Flora Murray , admit the first wounded to their hospital on the Avenue des Champs-Élysées . Around 100 beds can be supplied in a makeshift manner. The costs are only borne by private donations and by the French Red Cross .
- Canada : The Canadian Aviation Corps is established to support the British Armed Forces in Europe . However, due to a lack of equipment and staff, it has to be disbanded after just eight months.
Thursday 17th September
- Sarry / France : The French military blows up a bridge over the Marne without informing the responsible railway workers or securing the route themselves. A hospital train crashes into the gap, killing 57 people.
- German New Guinea : Lieutenant Governor Eduard Haber surrenders to the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force . Five days later, on September 21, 1914, the remaining, so-called “total armed power of the protected area” - five officers, 35 German and 110 Melanesian armed men - was handed over to the Australian commander-in-chief.
- Vienna / Austria-Hungary : Put down your arms! , a pacifist Danish silent film , will be shown at the World Peace Congress. It is a film adaptation of the novel of the same name by the Nobel Peace Prize laureate Bertha von Suttner , published in 1889 .
- Australia : Joseph Cook , the 6th Prime Minister of Australia, hands over the duties of office to his successor, Andrew Fisher .
Friday September 18th
- German Empire : The SM U 31 , a diesel-electric submarine of the German Imperial Navy , is put into service. The U 31 stops on 13 January 1915 the only patrol on. It does not report any sinking. The submarine has since been considered lost.
- German Empire: Colonel General Paul von Hindenburg becomes Commander in Chief of the 9th Army and Major General Erich Ludendorff takes over the post of Chief of Staff .
- German Empire: The Berlin , a passenger ship of the North German Lloyd (NDL), is confiscated by the Imperial Navy and converted into an auxiliary cruiser C. As a result, she was armed with six 10.5 cm guns and four 3.7 cm revolver cannons and was given a runway for mines . 24 bunker holes will be cut in the decks to facilitate the takeover of coal at sea.
Tuesday, September 22nd
- Madras / British India : The German cruiser Emden attacks the port city of Madras and sets the oil facilities there on fire. This remains the only fighting in the First World War on the Indian subcontinent .
- Hoek van Holland / Netherlands : The U 9 under the command of Lieutenant Otto Weddigen sinks the three British armored cruisers HMS Aboukir , HMS Hogue and HMS Cressy one after the other about 50 km north of the coastal town . Around 1,500 people lost their lives and around 800 were saved.
Wednesday 23 September
- Freistadt / Austria-Hungary : First rumors about the construction of a prisoner of war camp in the city emerge. Seven days later, on September 30th, the Austro-Hungarian military supervision in Linz prepared the first plans for the camp.
- Austria-Hungary: The Military Merit Cross is extended by two classes. The original class is now the III., The II. A neck decoration and the first class a pectoral cross .
- Lyttelton / New Zealand : The Canterbury Mounted Rifles regiment boarded the Athenic , which dropped it off on December 3, 1914 after several stops in Alexandria . The former passenger ship is at the time the largest troop transport that ships New Zealand forces.
Tuesday, September 29th
- German South West Africa : Outnumbered German troops defeat a British-South African force in the Battle of Sandfontein . Despite the German success, the war in South West Africa subsequently intensified .
See also
- Nekrolog September 1914
- List of annually recurring memorial and action days in September .
- Category: Day of commemoration, celebration or action in September (catalog with Wikipedia articles for September).
Web links
Commons : September 1914 - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
