July 1914

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This article covers breaking news and events in July 1914.

Daily events

Wednesday 1st July

Members of the No 1 Squadron RNAS in late 1914

• Kiev / Russian Empire : St. Pantaleon's Cathedral , a Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate , is inaugurated. Construction began on July 16, 1905.
• Meyrin / Switzerland : The soccer club FC Meyrin is founded. The club colors are yellow and black.
• United Kingdom : So that the aircraft are not under the control of a division of the Army, the naval unit of the Royal Flying Corps is split off under the name Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) .
• Weisweiler / German Empire : The first construction phase of the Weisweiler power plant begins trial operation with an output of 12 MW. The regular delivery of electricity takes place from September 1st of the same year.
• South African Union : The National Party (NP) is admitted. The main goals were the independence of South Africa from the British Empire and the equality of Afrikaans with English . Apartheid is one of the longstanding principles of the party, which ruled South Africa from 1948 to 1994 .

Thursday July 2nd

Thirty Bakery's first bakery business in the 1920s

• Sayda / German Empire : A fire , presumably caused by arson , destroys ten houses in the historic “Plan” (Anger) district.
• Guben / German Empire: Three years after its founding, the thirty-eight bakery moves into its own property in a newly built bakery.

Sunday 5th July

Alexander Graf von Hoyos (around 1914)

• Berlin / German Empire : the imperial envoy Legationsrat Alexander Graf von Hoyos Mission Hoyos traveling during the July crisis to Berlin to support the German Reich for military intervention of Austria-Hungary against Serbia to obtain. The next day he returned to Vienna with the so-called “ blank check ”, which led to war with Serbia and ultimately to World War I.

Tuesday July 7th

• Belfast / United Kingdom : The Orbita , an ocean liner operated by the British shipping company Pacific Steam Navigation Company , is launched. Because of the war, however, it can only be used as a passenger ship from 1919.
• Georgia / United States : Barrow County is made up of parts of Walton , Gwinnett and Jackson Counties and named after David Crenshaw Barrow , a former dean of the University of Georgia .

Wednesday July 8th

The SMS Prinz Eugen 1920 as a target ship of the French Navy.

• Trieste / Austria-Hungary : The SMS Prinz Eugen , a battleship of the Tegetthoff class of Imperial and Royal Navy , is launched. The name refers to the Austrian general Eugen von Savoyen .

Thursday July 9th

Echinopsis peruviana

• Belfast / United Kingdom : The steamship Statendam is launched. The second largest passenger ship in the world was originally planned for the Holland-America Line fleet . Because of the outbreak of war it was taken over by the Royal Navy , converted into a troop transport and handed over on April 7, 1917 under the name Justicia .
• United States : Laughing Gas , a slapstick - silent film of Charles Chaplin , is celebrating its cinema premiere. The strip addresses the insane problems of a dental assistant.
• Trenčín County / Hungary : The Čadca – Makov railway line opens. The construction costs were 3,658,000 crowns .
• Matucana / Peru : Joseph Nelson Rose and his wife collect the first specimens of the Echinopsis peruviana cactus plant at an altitude of 2,100 meters . It was not until 1920 that he and Nathaniel Lord Britton made the first description as Trichocereus peruvianus .
• Bosnia and Herzegovina / Austria-Hungary: The state government closes the state parliament of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a result of the attack in Sarajevo . Originally only intended as a provisional measure, it was finally dissolved on February 6, 1915.

Friday July 10th

The USS Omaha between 1870 and 1880

• Kingdom of Italy : The Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano , the umbrella organization of all Italian sports federations , is founded as part of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) .
• United States : The USS Omaha , an Algoma-class screw-propelled steam loop , is permanently removed from the register of ships.

Tuesday July 14th

Victoriano Huerta

• Brazil : Descendants of Italian immigrants found a football club, which they named Savóia Futebol Clube in honor of the Italian dynasty of Casa Savóia . The club colors are taken from the Italian flag and are therefore green, red and white.
• Mexico : Francisco S. Carvajal overthrows Victoriano Huerta and replaces him as President of Mexico . Huerta goes into exile in Europe.
• German Empire : The Cartel of Jewish Associations , the umbrella organization for Jewish student associations , is founded by the associations of Jewish students in Berlin , Leipzig , Breslau and Munich .
• Königsberg / German Empire: The Königsberg detention center is closed.
• Lindenthal / German Empire: Heinrich Oelerich , the chief pilot in the Deutsche Flugzeug-Werke (DFW) , sets a new altitude record with 8150 m. For the first time it exceeds 8000 m.

Wednesday 15th July

Joseph Caillaux

• Saxony / German Empire : The 39 km long, standard gauge small railway Osterburg – Pretzier is opened. It connects Osterburg , where the local management is also located, with Deutsch Pretzier .
• German Empire: After years of negotiations, the Kösener Seniors Convents Association (KSCV) , the Representative Convent (VC) , the German Landsmannschaft (DL) and the German Burschenschaft (DB) conclude the Marburg Agreement for the “ purpose of combating real injuries and Eliminating the disrepute ”. This agreement is considered to be the first cross-association agreement of its kind and, among other things, forms the basis for the first local cross-association arms rings .
• France : After years of discussion, the nation introduces the progressive income tax (“ impôt sur le revenu ”). The seven-time French finance minister Joseph Caillaux had previously massively promoted the draft law and the war that many expected accelerated the decision.

Thursday July 16

The SM U 9 on a pre-war postcard

• German Empire : The crew of the SM U 9 , a petroleum-electric submarine of the Imperial Navy , succeeds - for the first time ever - in reloading torpedoes during a dive.
• Isle of Portland / United Kingdom : The British Home Fleet with 460 ships is holding maneuvers off the island. The rescission of the trial mobilization planned for July 26th will be postponed due to the imminent First World War .
• Australia : The 6th Prime Minister of Australia , Joseph Cook , is appointed to the Privy Council and knighted (Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George (GCMG)).

Friday 17th July

Handwritten postcard from Ernst Wilhelm Lotz to Robert Musil , July 17, 1914

• United Kingdom : The Vickers FB5 , the first aircraft designed purely as a fighter , is making its maiden flight.
• Santuari de Lluc / Spain : Bishop Pere-Joan Campins inaugurates the local church. Previously, she was, for suggestions of Antoni Gaudí , in the style of neo-baroque expanded, taking inspiration in the design of the church interior to the existing sanctuary leaned (choir or presbytery).

Monday 20th July

• Saint Petersburg / Russian Empire : Parts of the French government ( Raymond Poincaré , René Viviani and Pierre de Margerie ) arrive for a long-planned, three-day state visit. There are no official minutes of the content of the talks with the Russian government, but the analysis of unofficial documents suggests that the French side is calling for a “solidarity” in the coming crisis and is planning to act together with Russia.

Wednesday July 22nd

Cuban Embassy and home of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada in Washington, DC

• United States : Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada , a later President of Cuba , takes over the post of Cuban ambassador from Pablo Desvernine y Galdós .

Thursday July 23rd

Rainbow and the Komagata Maru

• Austria-Hungary / Kingdom of Serbia : In the course of the July crisis, Austria-Hungary issued a 48-hour ultimatum to Serbia three weeks after the attack in Sarajevo . In the letter handed over at 6 p.m. by the envoy Wladimir Giesl von Gieslingen , Serbia a. a. requires a judicial investigation against the participants in the plot, combined with the demand for the participation of kuk organs.
• Upper Austria / Austria-Hungary : The last court hunt takes place in the Höllengebirge . Previously, the court hunting management in Ebensee had imposed an absolute ban on entering the central mountains every summer during the hunting season.
• Vancouver / Canada : The HMCS Rainbow (1891) forces the steamer Komagata Maru with 354 Sikh immigrants from India on board to depart. The steamer had been in port since May 23, also to draw attention to the restrictive Canadian immigration law, which should prevent immigration from South Asia.

Friday July 24th

HMS Meteor (1914)

• Russian Empire : In response to the Austrian ultimatum from the previous day, the Russian Council of Ministers gave Serbia the promise to lobby the major European powers to postpone the ultimatum. In addition, Russia has announced that it will mobilize its troops and withdraw its financial resources from Germany and Austria , and promises that it will not remain inactive in the event of an Austro-Hungarian attack on Serbia .
• United Kingdom : The HMS Meteor (1914) , a destroyer of Thornycroft M-Class of the Royal Navy , is launched. It was put into service two months later, on September 15, 1914.

Saturday 25th July

Wladimir Giesl von Gieslingen (1904)

• Kingdom of Serbia : General mobilization is ordered at 3:00 p.m.
• Austria-Hungary / Kingdom of Serbia : In the evening at 5:55 p.m., Serbia presented an answer to the Austro-Hungarian ultimatum of July 23. In it it promised to fulfill most of the points, but rejected the participation of Austro-Hungarian officials in investigations in Serbia. Ambassador Giesl scanned the text and left immediately with all the embassy staff.

Tuesday July 28th

Course of the First World War

• Austria-Hungary / Kingdom of Serbia : The First World War begins with Austria's declaration of war on Serbia .

Wednesday July 29th

Front page of the Prager Tagblatt from July 29, 1914, morning edition

• Belgrade / Kingdom of Serbia : With a bombardment of Belgrade a few minutes before one o'clock in the morning by the DDSG ship Inn and several kuk monitors, the actual acts of war of the First World War probably begin . The spectators gathered on the Semliner Ufer already believe in an end to this incident when shortly afterwards at two o'clock in the morning the Serbs blow up individual fields of the railway bridge between Belgrade and Semlin and the kuk howitzer battery opens fire on the Semliner side. At this point Belgrade has already been partially evacuated.
• Russian Empire : Tsar Nicholas II gives the order for general mobilization in response to the bombardment of Belgrade . Foreign Minister Sasanow assures the German Ambassador Pourtalès that this mobilization is only directed against Austria-Hungary and that there are no measures against Germany. However, new research shows that extensive preparatory measures are already underway in the military districts facing Germany.

Friday July 31st

• Jean Jaurès is murdered in Paris . He had previously argued vehemently against the looming war and campaigned within his party, the SFIO , against the approval of war credits and against participation in a Union sacrée .

See also

• Nekrolog July 1914
• List of annually recurring days of remembrance and action in July .
• Category: Memorial, celebration or action day in July (catalog with Wikipedia articles for July).

Web links

Commons : July 1914  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ History of the NP, 1913 to 1915 (English), accessed on April 17, 2013
2. ↑ Nathaniel Lord Britton, Joseph Nelson Rose: The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family . Washington, 1920, Volume II, p. 136
3. ↑ Zur Geschichte (Italian) ( Memento of the original from June 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
4. ↑ The chief pilot of Deutsche Flugzeugwerke, Heinrich Oelerich ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ↑ Michael Doeberl , Alfred Bienengräber (Ed.): The academic Germany. Volume 2: The German universities and their academic citizens . CA Weller, Berlin 1931. pp. 57, 173.
6. ↑ full text (digitized version)
7. ↑ Aux sources de l'impôt sur le revenu , Alternatives économiques , Gérard Vindt, n ° 151, September 1997
8. ^ London Gazette, July 17, 1914
9. ^ London Gazette, August 6, 1918
10. ↑ According to Baltasar Coll i Tomàs (Canon of the Cathedral of Palma, Prefect of the Biblioteca Capitular and Director of the Cathedral Museum), Gaudí's contribution in Lluc is usually overrated (see interview with Baltasar Coll ( Memento of the original of June 21, 2012 in Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ) 
11. ↑ Història del Santuari de Santa Maria de Lluc ( Memento of October 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
12. ^ Raymond Poidevin , Jacques Bariéty: France and Germany. The history of their relationships 1815–1975. Verlag CH Beck, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-406-04124-8 , p. 286 f.
13. ↑ 3,040 GRT, 1890 as Stubbenhuk to the Hansa Line in Hamburg, 1894 to 1913 then with Hapag as Sicilia , deployed to Canada, 1901 also from Italy, 1902 to 1904 also with emigrants from Odessa to New York, from 1905 then freighter ( Kludas, Vol. I, p. 155.)
14. ^ Komagata Maru Incident
15. ↑ Notifying memorandum of the Russian Council of Ministers to Serbia from 11./24. July 1914
16. ↑ Christopher Clark, Die Schlafwandler (2013) p. 599
17. ↑ Christopher Clark: The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Drew into World War I. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-421-04359-7 , p. 592 ff.
18. ^ Clark, Die Schlafwandler (2013), p. 602