St. Thomas (Adlkofen)
The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Thomas in Adlkofen in the Lower Bavarian district of Landshut is a three-aisled baroque church that was built between 1722 and 1724 in place of a late Romanesque predecessor from the 13th century. Of this only the tower substructure remains . The patronage of the apostle Thomas is very rare in the old Bavarian region; the parish church in Adlkofen is the only one in the diocese of Regensburg that is dedicated to this patron.
history
Probably instead of a previous wooden building , a first stone church was built in the 13th century, a single-nave hall church with arched windows. Only the massive west tower has been preserved. During a severe storm in 1722, the church and especially the tower were damaged. Under the direction of Landshut's city wall master Johann Georg Hirschstötter , the reconstruction was carried out until 1724. An octagon with a crowning onion dome was placed on the still-preserved, late Romanesque tower substructure . Since the roof structure and the side walls were also in disrepair, it was decided to tear down the entire nave and rebuild it in a three-aisled, basilica form. The choir, which was only renewed around 1700, could, however, be left. Instead of the onion dome, a pointed helmet was put on the tower in 1861 ; this essentially gave the building its present form.
architecture
Dimensions
The church building has approximately the following dimensions:
Central nave
- Length: 25.90 meters
- Width: 9.77 meters
- Height: 10.70 meters
Aisles
- Width: 4.15 meters
- Height: 5.65 meters
tower
- Floor plan: 5.14 × 4.00 meters
- Height: 44.05 meters
- of which late Romanesque substructure: 18.00 meters
- including a baroque octagon: 11.40 meters
- of which neo-Gothic pointed helmet: 12.00 meters
- of which tower cross: 2.65 meters
Exterior construction
The east- facing, three-aisled building is of a type of basilica . Significantly narrower and lower, three-bay side aisles are added to the four-bay central nave in the north and south . The choir room is built on the east side , which is the same height and width as the central nave and is united with it under a common gable roof . The latter comprises two yokes and closes on three sides of the octagon. To the north and south, in the corner between the choir and side aisles, sacristy extensions are leaning against. On the south side of the western yoke there is a small sign , only 1.20 meters deep . Here and on the opposite side (there, however, without a sign) are the church portals .
The protruding west tower, arranged exactly on the central axis , consists of a largely undivided, square substructure, which comprises five floors and is attributed to the late Romanesque. The lower four floors contain only rectangular slits of light, the fifth floor has coupled, round-arched sound openings with square central pillars on the north and south sides . These are each backed by a round arch cover. Above and on the west side of the tower there is a frieze with a gable arch pattern . Just above the roof ridge , a cornice conveys the transition to a long, octagonal shaft that was added in the Baroque period. The upper end is an eight-sided pointed helmet from the 19th century with a tower ball and cross .
inner space
The main nave is spanned by a flat barrel vault that is designed as a shell vault. At right angles to the east-west orientation of the church, stitch caps cut into the vault; in these are small, transversely oval windows which - visible from the outside as upper cladding - illuminate the central nave. The vault rests on chamfered pilasters in the choir and on cornices in the central nave. The side aisles are also vaulted by barrels for needle caps, but have significantly larger rectangular windows with rounded ends. Korbbogige , beveled on the edges of diaphragm arches to squat Achteckpfeilern separate the ships. In the rear nave yoke a wooden double gallery was drawn in in 1764 , the storeys of which only extend over the width of the central nave; the organ with a positive parapet is housed on the upper floor .
Furnishing
Wall and ceiling paintings
The church interior, which was not originally painted, was loosened up between 1938 and 1940 with a few frescoes by the Landshut church painter Schwarz. One of the four evangelists is depicted in each of the stabbed caps of the choir ; in the center above the celebration altar is a medallion with a representation of the Lamb of God on the book with the seven seals . There are also paintings of Saints Wendelin (front left), Notburga , Konrad (rear left), Leonhard (rear right), Katharina and Isidor (front right) in the vaulted spandrels of the central nave .
High altar
The structure of the high altar, which is supported by two pairs of columns and two pilasters , was built in 1722 by the Vilsbiburger carpenter Veit Cranzberger. Above the tabernacle, flanked by two worshiping angels , is the large high altar panel, which was created in 1764 by the painter Ignaz Kauffmann from Teisbach near Dingolfing . It is a representation of the church patron Thomas in the midst of the apostles , to whom the risen Jesus Christ appears. In addition, a female figure in penitential garb can be seen, who is probably Maria Magdalena . In the excerpt , accompanied by angelic volutes , a relief representation of God the Father on clouds can be seen.
Side altars
The side altars, designed in the late Rococo style, were created around 1770. Their altar leaves were painted by Josef Abfalter from Landshut. The altars to the left and right of the choir arch and the altars on the end walls of the side aisles are each designed as a counterpart.
The superstructures of the two choir arch altars are very concave. Separated from the altarpiece , to the left and right of the Altarmensa rise two round columns on high plinths, each of which supports the outer end of the projecting entablature with a small, angelic volute. The right choir arch altar is dedicated to St. John Nepomuk , its counterpart on the left to St. Sebastian .
In contrast, the two side aisle altars have a pair of columns that are preferred to the viewer, but there is no comparable three-dimensional effect as with the arched altars. The altar at the front of the south aisle is dedicated to St. Florian , while the altar in the north aisle is dedicated to the Virgin Mary . The latter was hit by an American grenade on May 1, 1945, shortly before the end of World War II . The glass windows of the north aisle were also broken. The statue of Mary on the altar was completely replaced in 1960 by a statue of Mary by the sculptor Hans Walitschek from Silesia , who settled in Landshut after the war as a displaced person .
pulpit
The pulpit is like holding the side altars in the Rococo style and is expected to come from the same master.
Baptismal font
One of the oldest pieces of equipment in the church is the 96 centimeter high, Gothic baptismal font , which is placed in the south aisle. The 88 centimeter diameter basin from the 15th century stands on a squat, square foot with an edge length of 52 centimeters.
organ
The organ of the parish church of St. Thomas was built in 1903 by Ludwig Edenhofer junior from Deggendorf as a replacement for the previous instrument from the time the church was built. The pneumatic cone chest instrument in a neo-baroque prospectus comprises a total of 12 stops on two manuals and pedal . The disposition is as follows:
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- Pair : II / I, II / P, I / P, Super I, Sub II / I
Bells
Instead of the bell delivered during the First World War , which was cast by Wolfgang Hubinger from Munich in 1826 , four steel bells from Apolda were wound up in 1920 . Due to the low material value, these were spared from being confiscated again in the Second World War . The old steel bells were replaced by the Adlkofen parish in 1964 with five new bells with the tone sequence d 1 –f sharp 1 –a 1 –h 1 –d 2 . These come from the foundry Perner in Passau and were on May 10, 1964 consecrated . The bells are listed in detail in the following overview:
| No. | Surname | Casting year | Caster | Weight [kg] | Diameter [cm] | Height without crown [cm] | Chime | inscription | relief |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | St. Anthony | 1964 | Rudolf Perner, Passau | 1,540 | 139.5 | 100 | d 1 | SAINT ANTONIUS PRAY FOR US AND THE FOUNDER ANTON DREXLER PATZING | St. Anthony with the baby Jesus |
| 2. | St. Francis Xavier | 837 | 112 | 87 | f sharp 1 | SAINT FRANZ XAVER PROTECT THE FOUNDER THE MAYOR OF ADLKOFEN FRANZ XAVER HOFBAUER | St. Francis Xavier | ||
| 3. | St. Mary | 483 | 94.5 | 72 | a 1 | WE ARE ALL UNDER YOUR PROTECTION | Mary with the baby Jesus | ||
| 4th | St. Thomas | 341 | 84 | 63 | h 1 | SAINT THOMAS PROTECT THE CHURCH THAT FOUNDED THIS BELL | St. Thomas | ||
| 5. | Poor souls bell | 189 | 71 | 51 | d 2 | O LORD GIVE YOU ETERNAL REST | Poor souls in purgatory |
Web links
- Internet presence of the parish of Adlkofen
- Pictures of the parish church of St. Thomas on the page kirchturm.net
- Twelve bells of the Bavarian Broadcasting Corporation from January 1, 2019 from the parish church of St. Thomas in Adlkofen
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e St. Thomas - exterior view . Online at adlkofen-bilder.de ; accessed on October 19, 2019.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Municipality of Adlkofen: Adlkofen Church . Online at adlkofen.de ; accessed on October 19, 2019.
- ↑ a b c d e f Anton Eckardt (Hrsg.): Art monuments of the Kingdom of Bavaria - District Office Landshut. Oldenbourg, Munich 1914, pp. 17-20 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Church leader by Lothar Brey - floor plan . Online at adlkofen-bilder.de ; accessed on October 19, 2019.
- ^ Church leader by Lothar Brey - high altar . Online at adlkofen-bilder.de ; accessed on October 19, 2019.
- ↑ a b St. Thomas - interior view . Online at adlkofen-bilder.de ; accessed on October 19, 2019.
- ↑ Bavarian organ database online
- ↑ St. Thomas - Bells . Online at adlkofen-bilder.de ; accessed on October 19, 2019.
Coordinates: 48 ° 32 '47.9 " N , 12 ° 15' 48.3" E