St. Willibald (Weihmichl)
The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Willibald in Weihmichl , a village in the Lower Bavarian district of Landshut , is a stately Baroque building with a late Gothic tower in its core . It is registered with the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation as an architectural monument with the number D-2-74-187-1.
location
Due to its location on a hill above the Pfettrach valley , the parish church of St. Willibald can be seen from afar in all directions and characterizes the townscape of Weihmichl. Federal highway 299 passes directly at the foot of the Kirchberg . The local cemetery extends around the church and is surrounded by a man-high wall.
history
Soon after Christianization in the 8th century, there was probably a St. Michael's Church in the place , as can still be easily recognized from the place name. It is unclear when the patronage of St. Michael changed to St. Willibald . However, it is certain that this happened after 1060, when the Eichstätt bishopric had great influence through extensive property in Weihmichl. In that year, the court of "Wihenmichel", which the noble Red Peru had received from the former Bishop Gebhard von Eichstätt (from 1055 Pope Viktor II ), fell back to the cathedral chapter there . The influence of the Hochstift Eichstätt ended when Weihmichl was declared part of the Imperial Abbey of St. Emmeram in Regensburg in 1256 .
The oldest parts of today's church can be found in the tower and date from the 15th century, i.e. from the late Gothic period. The nave and choir were rebuilt around 1725/30 in the Baroque style. According to the style characteristics, this building is attributed to the master mason Hans Widtmann from Pfeffenhausen , who built the pilgrimage church Heiligenbrunn in 1712/14 . It was not until 1786 that the building was consecrated to St. Willibald von Eichstätt (memorial day: July 7th) . In the 19th century the tower was increased and given its current pointed helmet . The ceiling frescoes were made in 1910 by the church painter Josef Wittmann in the neo-baroque style. The old masonry of the choir and tower was last renovated in 1987. In 2019 an exterior and interior renovation took place.
architecture
Exterior construction
The parish church of St. Willibald is a hall building with a clearly drawn-in choir, which is rotated about 20 degrees southwards compared to the usual orientation to the east . The idiosyncratic spatial structure consists of the following structures : The nave comprises three long bays , the choir has two bays and closes with a semicircular apse . The nave and choir each have their own gable roof , although that of the choir is significantly lower. The exterior is structured by pilaster strips and high, arched window openings. Only two much smaller, oval window openings are arranged in the apse .
On the south side of the choir, the tower is built on a square floor plan , so it is a choir flank tower. The substructure, which also contains the two-storey sacristy , dates back to the late Gothic period and contains a ribbed vault with pear rod ribs on head consoles and a small pointed arch window from this period. The pilaster strips suggest a five- storey structure , the top of which already contains the lower part of the belfry . Between the two bell storeys, the tower tapers noticeably to form the octagonal superstructure, which was probably built during the Baroque period. Above the tower clocks , the tower merges with the help of four triangular gables in the neo-Gothic pointed helmet , which ends at the top with a tower ball and cross . A small porch is added to the west side of the nave, which contains the only portal to the interior of the church.
inner space
The nave and choir are spanned by a baroque barrel vault with distinctive belt arches and rectangular protruding stitch caps , which rests on pilasters with profiled beams. In the choir, the entablature extends continuously along the foot of the apse calotte . The high windows with minimally drawn-in arches in the nave are just like the oval light openings in the apse in generous, arched wall niches with battlements . The sacristy opens on the upper floor to an oratory , which has a window into the choir. The organ gallery has moved into the rear nave yoke . Its parapet is divided into fields by pilasters with Corinthian capitals , which may have been intended for painting.
Furnishing
Ceiling painting
The ceiling frescos in the church are surrounded by simple stucco frames and were made in 1910 by the church painter Josef Wittmann. The ceiling paintings show from east to west: in the choir the Holy Trinity and Jesus as the friend of the children; St. Willibald in the nave, a few putti heads around the Heiliggeistloch and St. Wunibald .
Side altars
The two side altars date from the time the church was built, so they should have been built around 1725. They are designed as counterparts and therefore have the same structure. Between two winding columns there is a niche in which a figure of a saint is placed. Two assistant figures are arranged outside the two pillars. The altar extract , each of which contains a small painting, is in turn flanked by two winding columns. At the top it closes with a segmental arch and is crowned by a plaque with the radiant Christ monogram IHS , the symbol of the Jesuit order . On the entablature, on both sides of the extension, there is a volute, on which a putto.
The north (left) side altar shows in the central niche a figure of the Crescent Madonna with child against the background of a halo. The assistant figures are Saint Barbara with the chalice (left) and Saint Catherine with the broken wheel (right). On the southern (right) side altar, a Sacred Heart figure is arranged in the middle . The side figures are St. Lawrence with the grate (left) and St. Stephen with a pen and book with stones (right). Before the central figures of the side altars were erected, two paintings made by Josef Wittmann in 1912 took their places. The birth of Christ and the marriage of Mary were depicted .
High altar
The high altar was only installed later in the church and is in the neo-Romanesque style. In the central niche, which is flanked by two pairs of round columns, a figure of the church patron Willibald can be seen. In two side niches there are sculptures of Saints Sebastian (left) and Erhard (right). The shrine in the altar extract again contains a Sacred Heart figure.
pulpit
The baroque pulpit is attached to the northern wall pillar between the first and second nave yoke , the body and sound cover of which are each octagonal. The pulpit is studded with winding pillars at the corners; in between there are fields with niches containing small figures of the four evangelists . On the underside of the sound cover a dove of the Holy Spirit is depicted in a halo, on top a large trumpet angel. On the back wall of the pulpit is a more recent portrait of Jesus as the Good Shepherd .
Baptismal font
In the choir there is a Gothic font , the oldest piece of equipment in the church. It consists of a square foot, a round shaft and a bulbous, round basin with a diameter of around 60 centimeters. The total height is just under a meter. On top is a lid with a baroque group of figures depicting the baptism of Jesus .
Other equipment
The celebration altar , ambo and baptismal font were created in 2019 by the artist couple Lutzenberger from Bad Wörishofen . All three pieces of equipment are made of veined alabaster that was mined near Zaragoza . A relic is worked into the altar stipes , the place of which is marked with a golden cross . On the ambo there is a gilded grid for the storage of the lectionary and gospels . This bears the inscription "In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and God was the word" ( Jn 1,1 EU ).
The cheeks and the confessionals are made in Baroque style and decorated with acanthus carvings. Also worth mentioning is a baroque figure of the Archangel Michael , which is placed opposite the pulpit.
organ
The organ of the parish church St. Willibald is a monument organ of the Landshut organ builder Johann Rödl from 1877 in a late classicist prospect . The purely mechanical slider chest instrument has six registers and a manual and pedal . The only pedal register violonbass 8 'was replaced in 1911 by Adam Ehrlich from Landshut with a sub-bass 16'. So today's disposition is:
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- Coupling : Pedal firmly coupled
Bells
The stately ringing of the parish church of St. Willibald is composed of the sounds of four bells , all of which were cast in 1950 by Karl Czudnochowsky in Erding . The clapper of the largest bell alone weighs around 55 kilograms.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c parish Weihmichl: churches . Online at www.weihmichl.de ; accessed on March 18, 2018.
- ↑ a b c d e Weihmichl, St. Willibald . Online at kirchturm.net ; accessed on March 18, 2018.
- ↑ a b c d e f Anton Eckardt (Hrsg.): Art monuments of the Kingdom of Bavaria - District Office Landshut. Oldenbourg, Munich 1914, pp. 226-228 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Landshuter Zeitung of October 24, 2019: Light and Alabaster Stone - Bishop Rudolf Voderholzer consecrated the new altar of the parish church of St. Willibald
- ↑ Bavarian organ database online
- ↑ Bayerischer Rundfunk : Zwölfuhrluten from March 18, 2018 from the parish church of St. Willibald in Weihmichl . Online at www.br.de ; accessed on March 18, 2018.
Coordinates: 48 ° 36 ′ 13.1 ″ N , 12 ° 2 ′ 38.6 ″ E