Twin Peaks - The Movie

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Movie
German title Twin Peaks - Der Film
(Since the new edition 2005 also Twin Peaks - Fire Walk With Me)
Original title Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me
TwinPeaksFilm Logo.jpg
Country of production France
USA
original language English
Publishing year 1992
length 135 minutes
Age rating FSK 16
Rod
Director David Lynch
script David Lynch
Robert Engels
production Francis Bouygues
Gregg Fienberg
John Wentworth
music Angelo Badalamenti
camera Ronald Víctor García
cut Mary Sweeney
occupation
synchronization
chronology

←  Predecessor
Twin Peaks

Successor  →
Twin Peaks

Twin Peaks - The Film (Original title: Twin Peaks - Fire Walk with Me ) is an American feature film from 1992. David Lynch directed and wrote the screenplay with Robert Engels. The film forms a prequel to the television series Twin Peaks (1990–1991) and can be assigned to the genres of thriller , horror film and surrealist film . It premiered on May 16, 1992 at the 45th Cannes International Film Festival , before it was released in French cinemas on June 3 and in German cinemas on August 20, 1992. The film portrays the last week in the life of seventeen-year-old Laura Palmer. Similar to Blue Velvet, a labyrinth of sex, violence and drugs is uncovered that is hidden behind the facade of an idyllic small town.

The film was largely received negatively and was a financial failure. Nevertheless, it was able to inspire some critics in Europe, in particular the soundtrack was given a lot of attention.

content

The body of the young prostitute Teresa Banks is found in the American town of Deer Meadow. The FBI -Agenten Chester Desmond and Sam Stanley are charged with the clarification of the murder case. On site, the two get into a conflict with the local authorities, who do not want to release the body for the autopsy. In addition, the inhabitants of the otherwise idyllic small town behave in a strikingly strange way and seem to be hiding something. When Special Agent Chester Desmond disappears without a trace during the investigation of Teresa Banks' trailer, Agent Gordon Cole hires his colleague Special Agent Dale Cooper to take over the case, but he too is unable to solve the murder.

One year later in the small town of Twin Peaks: Nobody notices the problems of seventeen-year-old Laura Palmer. Her father Leland Palmer seems to be possessed by an evil force that turns him into "Bob". As "Bob" he regularly rapes his daughter at night in her room. Laura tries to escape from her existence through excessive drug consumption, but is tormented by nightmares and gets caught in a vortex of drugs, sex and prostitution. She falls deeper and deeper into a dangerous psychological instability, through which she completely loses her sense of reality and increasingly isolates herself. The noose is tightening. Her friends cannot help her either.

In the last seven days of her life, Laura literally went through hell. After a drug and sex orgy in a small forest hut, her father tracks her down, still possessed by the evil spirit "Bob", and drags her into an old, parked train car, where he kills her according to Bob's will. Then he packs his daughter's body in a plastic bag and gets rid of her in the river. At this point in the plot, the pilot of the TV series Twin Peaks kicks in : Laura Palmer's body is discovered swimming in the water.

The film ends with the demon leaving Leland Palmer's body and the real world after the murder. He returns to the “Black Lodge”, also known as the “red room”, which is independent of time and space, a place where evil resides. In the final scene, the viewer sees the unharmed, happy, adult Laura Palmer sitting in the waiting room of the “Black Lodge” next to Agent Dale Cooper, who stands by her in a friendly manner, while a gleaming angel floats over to lead Laura to the quiet promising “white hut” .

History of origin

In the American trade press at the end of May 1991, shortly before the last episode of Twin Peaks was broadcast, one could read that the co-producer Aaron Spelling was planning a movie with David Lynch. The idea came to them when ABC announced that it would cancel the series after episode 30. In the meantime, Lynch had signed a contract for three films with a total budget of 58 million US dollars with the film production company Ciby2000 of the Frenchman Francis Bouygues. The first joint work should be Ronnie Rocket . However, the project had to be postponed so that the "Twin Peaks" movie was preferred.

Kyle MacLachlan hesitated because of his role, Lara Flynn Boyle had other projects (42nd Emmy Awards - Governor's Ball in September 1990).

Lynch and his co-author Robert Engels, who had written several episodes of Twin Peaks , decided to write a prequel for the series. The movie was supposed to deal with the last days in the life of seventeen year old Laura Palmer. “The script was actually written all by itself. We go back to the past, many elements of prehistory are known to us, but many are not. For Bob [Robert] Engels and me it was extremely funny and exciting to fill the gaps in information, to plug the holes. "With that, the director turned the path that had been taken in the series upside down, because" Laura Palmer was always dead It was the gag of Twin Peaks […] that the main character did not appear. ” Patrick Bahners said in the FAZ that it was a risk to reveal the veiled image of the city of Twin Peaks . For him this was a mistake, the face of the goddess was losing power.

In the meantime there was a dispute between Ciby2000 and Aaron Spelling over the distribution rights of the future film, which blocked its realization. In addition, during the second season of Twin Peaks Lynch fell out with co-producer and writer Mark Frost , who now preferred to make his own movie Storyville . In addition, there was the fact that important actors from the series could not be hired either due to lack of time or a lack of motivation. For the recognition factor, Lynch wanted to use the same casting as in the TV series. Lara Flynn Boyle ( Donna Hayward ), Richard Beymer ( Benjamin Horne ) and Sherilyn Fenn ( Audrey Horne ) were not available. The latter stated in an interview: “[I] was extremely disappointed with the way the second season went. I didn't want to be back that soon. ”Fenn and Beymer were removed from the script and Boyle was replaced by Moira Kelly . The biggest problem, however, was Kyle MacLachlan ( Special Agent Dale Cooper ), who showed no interest in re-impersonating his role: “The script didn't completely convince me. I wasn't very enthusiastic about the books from the last TV season either. A script has to stimulate me and arouse my interest in the story and the characters. ”So MacLachlan's character was replaced by that of Agent Chester Desmond , played by Chris Isaak . But when MacLachlan surprisingly agreed that he liked the new script version better, the newly created agent was retained and Agent Dale Cooper was reinstalled.

When the conflict between Ciby2000 and Spelling was finally settled (it was agreed that Ciby2000 would only take care of sales in France), nothing stood in the way of starting shooting. Lynch relied on numerous crew members of the series: production and costume designer Patricia Norris , cameraman Ron Garcia, composer Angelo Badalamenti . The film editor was his future wife, Mary Sweeney . Filming began on September 5, 1991 near Seattle , Washington, with a budget of around 10 million US dollars . After four weeks the location was changed: they moved to Los Angeles ( California , USA). On November 1, 1991, the last stone fell.

reception

Publication and contemporary reviews

After the premiere at the Cannes Film Festival in 1992 on May 16, the film was booed by the audience and met with a wall of rejection from the critics present: For those who know the television series, the film stood out too much from its content and form he was overwhelmed by the unencumbered. Two years earlier, Lynch had won the Palme d' Or with his road movie Wild at Heart .

When Twin Peaks - Fire Walk with Me was released in US cinemas on August 28, 1992, American film critics were not very enthusiastic (28% of the reviews collected by Metacritic are positive). The film also failed at the box office: on the opening weekend, it grossed 1.8 million US dollars in 691 cinemas. In the end, US box office earnings were just $ 4.1 million.

Susan Wloszczyna described the film in USA Today as "a deadly boring affair" and gave the film one and a half stars out of four. The character Laura Palmer is not very interesting and captivating, just boring, said Todd McCarthy of Variety magazine . Vincent Canby sarcastically wrote in the New York Times , “It's not the worst movie ever, it just looks like it. The 134 minutes of film induce artificial brain death, an effect that can also be easily achieved by staring at glowing lights on a Christmas tree. ”And Michael Wilmington said in the Los Angeles Times that it was David Lynch's crudest, vulgar and the least prudent film.

In Germany, the reviews were mixed. Frauke Hanck von der Welt wrote that the film was not David Lynch's strongest, but his most underrated. The director startles the viewer with disrespectful mendacity and change mechanisms and with strange, ludicrous humor. In the movie, he even succeeds more pointedly than in 30 TV episodes. Lynch staged Laura Palmer's last days as a feverish, wonderfully sentimental tour de force, said Hans Schifferle in the Süddeutsche Zeitung . There are moments when Lynch and his crew, through music and camera strategy, hit the audience's nerve tracts and then their hearts. He was also convinced that in some scenes Lynch achieved a hypnotic beauty, a poetry of pain that made you a better person. At the end of his review, Schifferle says that the film can also be taken out of the context of the series, because if the young girl embodies the hope of the small town and the small town embodies the heart of America, then Lynch's Laura Palmer Blues is also part of the American case to understand the glimmer of hope of rebirth. Hans Messias from film-dienst wrote that the film is certainly not a masterpiece. But he offers good, serious entertainment and provides some solid explanations for the fans of the series. In the cinema , Heiko Rosner judged far more negatively that the film was exhausted in mannerist new editions of its own stylistic inconsistencies, which no longer seemed original, but artificial. A positive identification with the main character is hardly possible. Andreas Kilb from Die Zeit was also clearly negative. Twin Peaks - Fire Walk with Me is neither a masterpiece nor a film at all, but the sad result of a typical negotiation conversation between inexperienced (European) producers and an indulgent (American) director. In conclusion, he judged: "This flower of evil [the film] is nourished on the bosom of the stupid".

Despite the often negative attitude in the USA and Europe, the film met with a great response in Japan , especially among women. Martha Nochimson puts forward the following thesis: "[...] the enthusiasm of Japanese women comes from the satisfaction of seeing the suffering reflected in Laura, which is similar to that in their repressive society." Under the title Twin Peaks - The Last Seven Days of Laura marketed, the film had good viewership in Japan. There were even some package tours to Snoqualmie , the twin peaks town near Seattle.

Chris Rodley also points out that after the film was released, Lynch received numerous letters from abuse victims who were amazed or concerned: “Despite the fact that incest and infanticide appear in the 'abstract' figure of Killer Bob, the victims felt it Representation as corresponding to subjective experience . [Lynch] has a downright ›uncanny‹ empathy for the experiences of others [...] ”.

Soundtrack

The soundtrack for the film was released on August 7, 1992 in Germany and on August 11 in the USA through the Warner Music Group . Produced and composed by Angelo Badalamenti, the score also includes a song by Jimmy Scott (Sycamore Trees) and Julee Cruise (Questions in a World of Blue) . The piece The Pink Room , which accompanies the extravagant sex and drug scenes in the discotheque, was written by David Lynch himself, who is here for the first time as a composer.

Stephen Eddins of Allmusic concludes: "The sound is flawless: pure, contemporary and atmospherically dense." In 2011, the New Musical Express selected the soundtrack for Twin Peaks - Fire Walk with Me as the first on its list of the 50 best film scores of all Times. The reason is that he combines tones of wistful beauty with clanking malicious jazz interludes and thus becomes one of those infinitely moving soundtracks that would permanently settle in the listener's subconscious. And Fischer even says: "For some Lynch fans, the soundtrack CD [...] is better than the whole film".

Awards

Twin Peaks - Fire Walk with Me was awarded a total of three film prizes and nominated for five more. Film composer Angelo Badalamenti received all three awards for his musical performance. The English Slant Magazine included the film in its list of the 100 most important films of all time. The French film magazine Cahiers du Cinéma also included Lynch's work in its list of the best films of the 1990s.

Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films 1993
  • Best Score - Angelo Badalamenti

Nominated in the categories :

  • Best Screenplay - David Lynch and Robert Engels
  • Best Horror Film - David Lynch
  • Best Actress - Sheryl Lee
  • Best Supporting Actor - Ray Wise
Independent Spirit Awards 1993
  • Best Score - Angelo Badalamenti

Nominated in the category :

  • Best Actress - Sheryl Lee
BRIT Awards 1991
  • Best Soundtrack - Angelo Badalamenti

Classification in Lynch's oeuvre

Dream and reality

In Twin Peaks - Fire Walk with Me , David Lynch consistently develops some of his specific topics. In the film, for example, there are some dream landscapes or surrealistic dream sequences, such as those known from Eraserhead , Blue Velvet or the Twin Peaks series . Three sequences take place in the so-called red room, a space outside the world in which evil resides symbolically and forges plans. It is inhabited by the man from another place (played by Michael J. Anderson), who combines very strange movements and ways of speaking. Others present like Bob , evil personified, also have these qualities. "Lynch had his actors recite their texts backwards for this scene and also practiced appropriate movements with them so that he could play the recordings [...] backwards." The resulting effect leaves the viewer confused. This bizarre experience is supported by the decor, which, similar to Blue Velvet, plays an extremely important role. The red room, as a closed space, is the emblem of the Lynch dream: “in the form of the unreal colors, sounds and movements, the zigzag pattern on the floor (as with Eraserhead ), the backdrop of the whole scene.” The dominant color is a fiery, aggressive one Red that shines from the curtains that surround everything. This red can also be found in other parts of the film, for example in Laura, who is accompanied more and more intensely by fire, a typical lynch metaphor. At the very end of the film, the well-known Twin Peaks traffic light switches from green to red. This unstable, strange place with its locked doors, blood-red rooms and labyrinth-like corridors was understood as a key, as a metaphor for Laura's suffering.

Furthermore, there is a certain inconstancy of places and spaces in Lynch's films. Twin Peaks - Fire Walk with Me best illustrates this inconstancy. Safe, secure rooms such as Laura's bedroom or the FBI headquarters turn out to be unstable if they are "subject to unpredictable, causally unjustifiable changes". For example, the door in a painting in Laura's room becomes the entrance to the red room described above. In such scenes, reality and dream become blurred and leave a bizarre impression on the audience.

The complicated dramaturgy of the film also supports the dream effect of the plot. The more or less straightforward narrated prologue, which ends with the sudden disappearance of the FBI agent, is followed by a "relatively loose sequence of individual scenes that are supposed to illuminate the life of the protagonist". That the film really describes the last seven days in the life of Laura Palmer cannot actually be verified, only the subtitle of the film indicates. Many scenes are lined up closely and acoustically completely separated from each other. The narrative overview is quickly lost. Finally, the acting characters also indicated a dream: These are so-called dream subjects. Laura Palmer and Agent Dale Cooper stand in the middle of a world in which they cannot find their way. Especially Laura is helplessly exposed to her surroundings. She is a naive person "with little reflection and with dark and confused motives".

So says George Seeßlen concluded that Lynch movies against the interpretation: "The scandal of Fire Walk with Me is [...] that the film is neither psychological analysis or sociological model and no mythic structure about the murder case, but another Dream, a dream of a dream. "

Electricity and communication

The surrealistic dream sequences are often interrupted or faded out by the flickering of a television screen. At one point the camera pans out of the mouth of an electrician present in the red room and his lips speak the word "Electricity". Agent Desmond, who disappeared shortly afterwards, was also interested in power poles and lines in the trailer park. It is suggested that electricity can create a connection to the red room: The Black Lodge as a place full of electrical vibrations. Lynch's preference for electricity and electricity is very well expressed here, "he never misses an opportunity to alienate a scene with stroboscopic light effects or to make it particularly eerie".

The television exploding at the beginning of the film indicates on the one hand that the television series as such is dead, on the other hand it also suggests the loss of familiar means of communication. This results in “a network of disturbed communication” that lasts for the entire film. Sometimes the action is interrupted by TV flickering, sometimes communication is only via pantomime, which leads to more confusion than to more clarity. Laura Palmer and Agent Cooper are busy receiving and conceiving numerous dreams, signs and messages throughout the course of the film. But nothing is ever completely deciphered: "The text is as little given as the riddle can be solved". FBI agent Gordon Cole also struggles to make himself understood and to understand what is actually going on around him. "The louder he roars, the more incomprehensible he becomes, the more he thinks he is understood, the greater the misunderstandings he produces". In Twin Peaks - Fire Walk with Me there is an extremely broken and difficult to understand communication that disrupts the narrative flow of the film and irritates the viewer.

Violence study

Furthermore, Lynch deepens his path in the exploration of "the purest cinematic terror" in six different scenes between daughter and father, between Laura and father Leland / Bob. The most haunting scene is probably the one in which Laura is sitting next to her father in the convertible. The latter is yelled at and threatened at a traffic light on the street by a one-armed man, Philip Gerard (a kind of counterpart to Bob ). In doing so, he exposes Leland as a villain in front of Laura. They stop at a gas station to digest the shock. Meanwhile, Leland thinks back to the murder of Teresa Banks. The entire scene is accompanied by an extremely disturbing sound design that would later play an even more important and pronounced role in films such as Lost Highway , Mulholland Drive and Inland Empire . Laura goes through several circles of hell, the last one is an endless, brutal transition from torture by the father to redemption by an angel. Laura's liberation only takes place when there is a maximum of suffering and pain. But then she is happy, can smile again easily and looks grown up.

Fischer comes to the conclusion: "As in Eraserhead , The Elephant Man , Dune , Blue Velvet and Wild at Heart , the director describes a hell on earth here as well (symbolized by the long, loud disco orgy in the middle of the film, which also has its thematic and structural correspondence in almost all earlier films), which his protagonist has to traverse in order to achieve redemption in the end. "

synchronization

role actor Voice actor
Laura Palmer Sheryl Lee Sabine Falkenberg
Leland Palmer Ray Wise Frank-Otto Schenk
Sarah Palmer Grace Zabriskie Traudel Haas
Donna Hayward Moira Kelly Maud Ackermann
James Hurley James Marshall Andreas Fröhlich
Agent Dale Cooper Kyle MacLachlan Torsten Sense
Chief Gorden Cole David Lynch Wolfgang Condrus
FBI Agent Sam Stanley Kiefer Sutherland Tobias Master
FBI Agent Chester Desmond Chris Isaak Kurt Goldstein
The dwarf Michael J. Anderson Wilfried Herbst
Shelly Johnson Girl amick Dorette Hugo
Harold Smith Lenny of Jackdaws Nicolas Boell
One-armed man, Gerard Philip Al Strobel Christian Rode

literature

Books

Audio commentary

- Marcus Stiglegger : Twin Peaks - The Film. Studiocanal 2018. Bluray and DVD.

Review mirror

A comprehensive international criticism mirror is here under the category Interviews & Reviews available online. The following are the criticisms of the German press:

positive

  • Hans Schifferle: And the angels wouldn't help you . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung of August 24, 1992
  • Frauke Hanck: In the vicious circle of evil . In: Die Welt from August 20, 1992

Rather positive

  • Stefan Schmitz: The incest is the core of the curse . In: taz of August 20, 1992
  • Hans Messias: FANCING . In: film-dienst from August 4, 1992

Mixed

negative

  • Heiko Rosner: Twin Peaks - The Film . In: Cinema No. 171 / August 1992
  • Andres Kilb: Sale . In: Die Zeit of August 28, 1992
  • Der Spiegel , No. 35/1992

Web links

References and comments

  1. ^ Lexicon of the international film QZ. Zweiausendeins, 2002, ISBN 3-86150-455-3 , p. 3267.
  2. ↑ a b Fischer: David Lynch - The dark side of the soul . P. 232
  3. ↑ a b c Fischer: David Lynch - The dark side of the soul . P. 234
  4. ↑ a b Patrick Bahners: When fathers love too much. (No longer available online.) In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . Archived from the original on September 8, 2013 ; Retrieved October 10, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( In the category Interviews & Reviews )  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.davidlynch.de
  5. ↑ a b Trivia for Twin Peaks - Fire Walk with Me. In: Internet Movie Database . Retrieved October 9, 2012 .
  6. ^ Filming locations for Twin Peaks - Fire Walk with Me. In: Internet Movie Database . Retrieved October 27, 2012 .
  7. ↑ Box Office / Business for Twin Peaks - Fire Walk with Me. In: Internet Movie Database . Retrieved October 27, 2012 .
  8. ↑ a b Fischer: David Lynch - The dark side of the soul . P. 246
  9. ↑ Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me. In: Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 8, 2012 .
  10. ^ Wloszczyna, Susan: Dark and depressing doings in Twin Peaks . In: USA Today, August 31, 1992
  11. ^ Todd McCarthy: Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me. In: Variety . Retrieved October 8, 2012 .
  12. ↑ Vincent Canby : Twin Peaks review. In: Metacritic (citing NYT article). Retrieved January 8, 2012 .
  13. ↑ Michael Wilmington: Twin Peaks review. In: Metacritic (citing LAT article). Retrieved October 8, 2012 .
  14. ↑ Frauke Hanck: In the vicious circle of evil. (No longer available online.) In: Die Welt . August 20, 1992, archived from the original on September 8, 2013 ; Retrieved October 8, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( In the category Interviews & Reviews ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.davidlynch.de
  15. ↑ Fischer: David Lynch - The dark side of the soul . P. 247
  16. ↑ Hans Schifferle: And the angels would not help you. (No longer available online.) In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . Archived from the original on September 8, 2013 ; Retrieved October 16, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( In the category Interviews & Reviews ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.davidlynch.de
  17. ↑ a b Hans Messias: FAN-CINATING - Davidy Lynch's film Twin Peaks. (No longer available online.) In: film-dienst . August 4, 1992, archived from the original on September 8, 2013 ; Retrieved October 9, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( In the category Interviews & Reviews ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.davidlynch.de
  18. ↑ Heiko Rosner: Twin Peaks - The Film. (No longer available online.) In: Cinema (No. 171 / August 1992). Archived from the original on September 8, 2013 ; Retrieved October 17, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( In the category Interviews & Reviews ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.davidlynch.de
  19. ↑ a b Andreas Kilb: Sale - David Lynch's Twin Peaks. (No longer available online.) In: Die Zeit . September 28, 1992, archived from the original on September 8, 2013 ; Retrieved October 9, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( In the category Interviews & Reviews ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.davidlynch.de
  20. ↑ Nochimson, Martha P .: The Passion of David Lynch's Wild at Heart in Hollywood. University of Texas Press. 1997.
  21. ↑ Fischer: David Lynch - The dark side of the soul . P. 248.
  22. ↑ Rodley: Lynch on Lynch . P. 11.
  23. ↑ a b Fischer: David Lynch - The dark side of the soul . P. 254.
  24. ↑ Stephen Eddins: Angelo Badalamenti: Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me. In: Allmusic . Retrieved October 9, 2012 .
  25. ↑ Pictures of 50 best film soundtracks ever. In: New Musical Express . Retrieved October 9, 2012 .
  26. ^ Awards for Twin Peaks - Fire Walk with Me. In: Internet Movie Database . Retrieved October 9, 2012 .
  27. ↑ 100 Essential Films. In: Slant Magazine. Retrieved October 8, 2012 .
  28. ↑ EDITORIAL, N ° 652. (No longer available online.) In: Cahiers du Cinéma. Archived from the original on March 30, 2013 ; Retrieved March 14, 2013 (French).
  29. ↑ Top Cahiers du cinéma - Années 1990. In: senscritique.com. Retrieved March 14, 2013 .
  30. ↑ a b Fischer: David Lynch - The dark side of the soul . P. 242
  31. ↑ Spies: David Lynch - Dark Splendor . P. 276
  32. ↑ Spies: David Lynch - Dark Splendor . P. 278
  33. ↑ Lahde, Maurice. “We live inside a dream.” David Lynch's films as dream experiences . In: A Strange World: The Universe of David Lynch . P. 98
  34. ^ Lahde, Maurice in: A Strange World: The Universe of David Lynch . P. 106
  35. ^ Lahde, Maurice in: A Strange World: The Universe of David Lynch . P. 102
  36. ↑ Seeßlen: David Lynch and his films . P. 139
  37. ^ Lahde, Maurice in: A Strange World: The Universe of David Lynch . P. 105
  38. ^ Lahde, Maurice in: A Strange World: The Universe of David Lynch . P. 105
  39. ↑ Seeßlen: David Lynch and his films . P. 144
  40. ↑ a b Fischer: David Lynch - The dark side of the soul . P. 243
  41. ↑ a b Seeßlen: David Lynch and his films . P. 135
  42. ↑ Seeßlen: David Lynch and his films . P. 140
  43. ↑ Fischer: David Lynch - The dark side of the soul . P. 240
  44. ↑ Seeßlen: David Lynch and his films . P. 143
  45. ↑ Twin Peaks - The film in the German dubbing index . Retrieved October 12, 2012
  46. ↑ STUDIOCANAL - Twin Peaks - Der Film / Digital Remastered. Retrieved July 8, 2019 .
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on October 27, 2012 .