Pilgrimage Church of Kleinheiligkreuz
| Pilgrimage Church of Kleinheiligkreuz | |
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| The pilgrimage church with a turret on the nave | |
| place | Kleinlüder |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| diocese | Fulda |
| Patronage | Holy cross |
| Construction year | 1692 |
| Construction type | Hall church with former hermitage on the gable side |
| function | Pilgrimage church and branch church |
Coordinates: 50 ° 31 ′ 44 ″ N , 9 ° 32 ′ 6 ″ E
Kleinheiligkreuz is a Roman Catholic pilgrimage chapel near Kleinlüder , a district of the community of Großenlüder in the Fulda district in Hesse on the Bonifatius Route .
Geographical location
The chapel building , which is named after a particle of the cross stored in it, the Holy Cross , is located not far from the state road L 3139 on the Gemeindestraße: Kleinheiligkreuz 1 and is administered by the parish church of St. John the Baptist Kleinlüder . The chapel is located in the remote valley of the Kalten Lüder below the Himmelsberg nature reserve in the " Gieseler Forest " between Kleinlüder and Giesel, not far from the Schlagberg and Hessenmühle residential areas, 4 km southeast of Kleinlüder.
history
On July 7th, 754 the funeral procession of St. Boniface stopped for the last time on the way from Mainz to Fulda, later Guntherskirchen. In the 8th century, this was the crossing point of the old Antsantvia and Ortweg trade routes . On December 19, 1012 King Heinrich II gave the forest area "Zundernhard" (Zunderhart) to the Fulda monastery in which the area was located. In 1235, " Gunther von Gunterskirchen " is named as a witness for a healing in Marburg that took place at the intercession of St. Elisabeth .
In 1348, when the Benedictine monk "Hermann von Hammelburg" from Johannesberg Monastery destroyed the chapel in the end of the 13th century and built it "in loco, qui olim vocabatur Guntherskirche" "Guntherskirche" ( deserted area ), it was first mentioned in a document . With the 7th of July 1348 the document is dated in the Benedictine monk as builder of the church “S. Cruz. ” Is called. In honor of the Most Holy Mother of God, St. Benedict, St. It was to be consecrated to Catherine and all saints.
The foundation of the chapel was made by the then Fulda prince abbot Heinrich VI. confirmed by Hohenberg 1315-1353. With the confirmation she received lands from the area. A courtyard was formed by the new chapel.
On February 7, 1441, Provost Arnold obtained an indulgence from Johannesberg Abbey to renew the chapel. Only 17 years later in 1458 Provost Arnold obtained another indulgence and at the same time he was given responsibility for the chapel. The chapel and the hermitage became the property of the St. Andreas monastery in Neuenberg. In 1507, the chapel received an altar under Prince Abbot Johann II von Henneberg-Schleusingen (1472–1513) . On April 10, 1507, the Mainz Auxiliary Bishop Johannes Bonemilch (1434–1510) from Erfurt consecrated the enlarged chapel in honor of St. Mother of God. In 1574 during the time of Abbot Balthasar von Dernbach (1570–1606), Kleinheiligkreuz appears under “S. Cru. ”At the “ Kalten Lüder ” for the first time on a map of the Fulda bishopric . In 1594 the pilgrimage church was part of the Haimbach parish .
During the Reformation and the Thirty Years' War , the chapel and pilgrimages came down and fell into disuse. 1655 obtained at the instigation of the Neuenberg provost Matthias Benedikt (Benedictus) von Rindtorff (Rindorff ) an indulgence for the church from Pope Alexander VII (1655-1667) . Thereupon the numbers of pilgrims and pilgrimages increased again.
- Boniface beech
Around 1670, the so-called "Boniface Beech" was planted behind the chapel at the location of the earlier Boniface Cross. It is the place that is considered the last rest on Boniface's funeral procession .
Hof Kleinheiligkreuz
On April 10, 1682, the Kleinheiligkreuz farm and its property, with the exception of the chapel and the small churchyard, were sold to Paul Klingenberger with strict conditions. In 1708 the Wehner family acquired the Kleinheiligkreuz farm.
- New construction of the chapel
In 1692 the old chapel was torn down and rebuilt under the Neuenberger provost Adalbert von Schleifras . After four years of construction it was inaugurated in 1696. The coat of arms stone above the entrance portals and on the ceiling in the choir are evidence of this. The building plans are said to come from the Franciscan brother Antonius Peyer from Fulda. It is considered to be one of the first baroque church buildings in the Fulda region and was built in the "Tuscan" baroque . This is shown by the curved gallery supported by four columns . The building was built in 1701 by the then Auxiliary Bishop Amand von Buseck in honor of St. Consecrated cross. Since then, Kleinheiligkreuz has served as a place of pilgrimage again. Pilgrimages to the two cross festivals (finding the cross) on May 3rd and (raising the cross) on September 14th to Kleinheiligkreuz took place with the new construction of the pilgrimage church in the years 1692 to 1802 from the parishes of Giesel, Bimbach, Großenlüder, Blankenau, Hosenfeld and Hauswurz. In 1731 it was assigned to the newly formed parish of Giesel under Prince Abbot Adolf von Dalberg and, with the exception of secularization, remained under its administration and religious services. In 1787 Kleinheiligkreuz was assigned to the prince abbey of Fulda, Centoberamt Fulda (Propstei Neuenberg).
secularization
With the secularization , the negotiations between the electoral consistory or the upper finance college and the episcopal vicariate took place between the electoral consistory and the electoral consistory, because of the abolition of the service and the resignation (demolition) of the chapel. On October 1, 1804, the regional finance authority (Oberfinanzkollegium) made an inquiry to the Episcopal Vicariate about the suspension of services. On December 10, 1804, Johannes Wehner, as the court owner, told the vicariate that the chapel was in good condition and that the court residents "had to make various legal claims regarding baptisms, copulations (marriage) and burials" . The vicariate thereupon explained to the Oberfinanzkollegium that the service could go on in the chapel, but that there was nothing to dictate that the chapel be closed (demolition). Furthermore, it is the right of the farmer to uphold baptisms, copulations (marriages) and funerals.
On March 9, 1805, however, the Secret Conference Commission decided to demolish the chapel. As early as May 18, 1805, Wehner was summoned by the tax authorities and asserted his rights. In the meantime, the Episcopal Vicariate General Fulda informed Pastor Johann Bettinger (Böttinger) von Giesel that the chapel would be demolished and that the services and pilgrimages would be suspended. On July 29, 1805, Johannes Wehner agreed to the measures taken.
- Umpfarrung and profanation
On August 8, 1805, Bishop Adalbert III approved . von Harstall made the suggestion of the vicariate that the court residents be admitted to the parish of Giesel. At this time the profanation also took place .
With the conclusion of the negotiations, the auction at the Johannesberg Central Office followed on November 14, 1805 with the minimum price of 750 Florint for the chapel. Johannes Wehner, as the farm owner, was awarded the bid for 500 florints due to the lack of higher offers . The church of St. Vitus in Salzschlirf was awarded the contract for the main and two side altars, while the dean Constantin Zwenger von Haimbach was awarded the contract for the large bell. The little bell went to Erhard Repp in Radmühl . No buyer was found for the pulpit, it was transported to the pastor in Giesel. The cross particle belonged to the Neuenberg Church , but came to Giesel. The chapel fund and the sales proceeds were transferred to the parish of Giesel on June 17, 1806. The cross particle came back to Neuenberg on September 17, 1806; the parish of Giesel received it from the Holzkirchen monastery .
- Private chapel
In 1850, Johann Adam Wehner separated the choir as a private chapel and, with the approval of the episcopal authorities, became a house chapel. On September 4th, 1850, Landdechant Bernhard Mehler from Neuhof consecrated the house chapel and two bells in honor of St. Boniface and St. Sturmius . The altar was benedited in honor of St. Our Lady and St. Laurentius. In 1900 pastor Sheikh donated 1,300 marks to repurchase the chapel. In 1909 the building and the church square were bought back by the Bishop of Fulda.
Renewed church consecration
After the renovation under the direction of the Fulda architect Hermann Mahr , it was reopened on October 12, 1913 by Bishop Joseph Damian Schmitt in honor of St. Cross and St. Rabanus Maurus dedicated and fed to their original dedication as a pilgrimage church.
Bell consecration 1914
The pilgrimage church has a double bell in the roof turret with the chimes "c" and "dis". Of the two bells, the larger one was made in 1740 by the bell founder Johann Heusler in Elbing and the smaller Heinrichs bell was cast in 1914 by the bell foundry Petit & Gebrüder Edelbrock in Gescher .
On Easter Monday , April 13, 1914, the bells were consecrated by Bishop Josef Damian Schmitt. The two bells are in honor of the painful Mother of God "Dolorosa Bell " and St. Emperor Heinrich II. "Heinrich Bell" was consecrated.
Confiscation of armaments
Already on June 26, 1917, the smaller Heinrichsbell was confiscated for the manufacture of armaments for the First World War .
Umpfarrung and modern times
As early as 1925, on March 15, the country chaplain Baier tried to reorganize and failed.
In 1959, the chapel was given a replacement bell from the bell cemetery Hamburg. On September 13, 1959, after a thorough renovation according to the plans of Martin Berg and the Giesel pastor Josef Mönninger, the church was consecrated by cathedral capitular Ludwig Pralle, papal honorary prelate and building consultant of the diocese of Fulda. On January 1, 1961, Schlagberg, Hessenmühle and Kleinheiligkreuz were politically reorganized under Mayor Leonhard Glozbach, Giesel into the municipality of Kleinlüder. The church Umpfarrung the Sanctuary and of Places blow Berg, Hesse mill and small Holy Cross under Pastor Josef Mönninger , Gieselmann through the Fulda Bishops Adolf Bolte on January 1, 1962. Since then, the administration and pastoral care of the Sanctuary of the parish of St. John the Baptist noticed in Kleinlüder.
On Sunday, September 13, 1970, the renovated pilgrimage church was inaugurated by Cathedral Chapter Ludwig Pralle. The previous altar and the furnishings from 1913 were exchanged for a baroque altar from the Church of St. Peter and Paul in Wirtheim . The old altar plate was used for a new free-standing sandstone celebration altar . Several windows were uniformly fitted with hexagonal honeycomb glazing made of antique glass . A structural renovation was necessary beforehand, such as the creation of an irrigation and drainage system and the expansion of the living quarters of the former hermitage that was no longer usable. These three living rooms with 4 beds have since been used for families, youth groups and pilgrims. The renovation work was headed by the diocesan building officer Rudolf Schick. The altar was restored by the painter and restorer Willy Kiel, Fulda. The renovation costs at that time amounted to around DM 40,000.
Boniface beech
Today the pilgrim searches in vain for the 320-year-old Bonifatius beech (around 1670), which fell victim to the hurricane Daria on January 26, 1990 with wind speeds of up to 120–130 km / h. It was easy for the hurricane to bring down the already sick tree with the narrow band of still living wood. Rotting and beetles inside the beech had progressed so far that the stability could no longer withstand these winds. The beech tree was around 20 years old when the pilgrimage chapel was built in 1692. When construction began on the rectory in June 1961, the cross and its base were moved to the beech tree. Two years after the tree damage, a new Boniface beech was planted on April 2, 1992 at the suggestion of the community of Großenlüder under Mayor Helmut Will , in the presence of the diocesan master builder Burghard Preußler, the head of the responsible forestry office in Fulda Henning Faust and members of the KAB Kleinlüder. The Hochkreuz was dismantled for restoration purposes in summer 2020.
- Hochkreuz at the Bonifatiusbuche
The stone high cross in front of the Bonifatius beech was erected in 1815 for the Kleinlüder cemetery, which was located right next to the old church in Kleinlüder. The pedestal bears the inscription on a plate decorated with leafy tendrils and four roses:
- "Just find sweet rest
- me here
- O lord at your feet
- So I want when you want
- with you
- My life also ends
- sen 18 15 " .
Below is the name of the founder: Anna Maria Mathes .
_mit_(Bonifatiusbuche_von_1992).JPG)
Church history of the chapel
The Schlagberg , Hessenmühle and Kleinheiligkreuz residential areas with the pilgrimage church belonged to the political community of Giesel and parishly to the church of St. Laurentius (Giesel) from 1731 until the reunification in 1961 .
In 1962, these places in the valley of the Cold Lüder were assigned to the parish of Kleinlüder and the parish of John the Baptist , also in Kleinlüder. With the political Conversely My Dung in the community Klein Lüder the church belonging to the parish Gieselmann, which ended in the affiliated churches Klein Holy Cross and Nativity (Istergiesel) certainly represented a weekday service. In terms of the church, these places have belonged to the Catholic parish of John the Baptist in Kleinlüder ever since. The pilgrimage church of Kleinheiligkreuz is a religious center of the parish. It belongs to the pastoral association Kleinheiligkreuz, in the dean's office Neuhof / Großenlüder, and includes the parishes of St. Vitus Bad Salzschlirf , Großenlüder , Bimbach , Müs , Kleinlüder, Hainzell , Hosenfeld , and Blankenau .
With the Umpfarrung the centuries to the annual solemnities ended Finding of the Cross (May 3) with agricultural machinery blessing and Exaltation (September 14) that took place pilgrimages of Gieselmann to Klein Holy Cross.
Kleinlüder has been incorporated into the municipality of Großenlüder and Giesel in the municipality of Neuhof since the regional reform of the State of Hesse in 1972 .
It was not until the 1980s that the old pilgrimage from Giesel to Kleinheiligkreuz was resumed on the old pilgrimage route over the Himmelsberg / Herrgottseiche during the "Cross Week" (Exaltation of the Cross - September 14th) . Since then, the pilgrimage has taken place in September during the pilgrimage week "Exaltation of the Cross".
architecture
The church , which is not exactly easted , but is oriented slightly to the northeast, is built on a hillside on a base made of quarry stone . The plastered hall building on a rectangular floor plan is covered by a roof hipped to the west, on which a slate, six-sided roof turret with a Welscher hood is placed, which is crowned by a tower knob , cross and weathercock . In the slim roof turret hang two bells that are used with a striking mechanism.
A polygonal choir drawn into the nave forms the east end. The masonry is plastered outside and inside, the walls of the windows and portals, the base and the corner blocks are made of red sandstone. The nave is lit on the long sides and in the choir through high rectangular windows. The church is accessed through an east and west portal, which is decorated with a blown gable . The coat of arms of Adalbert von Schleifras, marked with the year 1696, is embedded in the gable with writing tape.
Stations of the Cross
The pictures of the Stations of the Cross in the chapel were painted on copper sheet in linseed oil paint and were created around 1900. According to the painter Peter Hendrik Blum , they must have been made for a way of the cross outdoors. The artist is unknown.
hermitage
The apartment of the former hermitage in the west has small, two-lane rectangular windows on two levels on the long sides. The west wall has three small two-lane rectangular windows at the top and a rectangular window at the bottom, which is flanked by two round windows. In the same design as the long sides, the hermitage has a south portal.
Bells
The bell of the pilgrimage chapel today still has a double bell in the roof turret.
The larger bell has a diameter of 85 cm. An inscription on the upper edge reads: LAUDETUR JESUS CHRIST IN SECULA SECULORUM AMEN (Praise be to Jesus Christ in eternity, Amen) In the middle there are four images:
- Christ on the cross between two thieves, including two women.
- Mary with crown and scepter , the moon at her feet, the baby Jesus in her arms. Inscription: St. Mary.
- St. Michael with the flaming sword stands on the devil with wings and claws
- A naked man is tied to a tree, blood is flowing from a side wound, an angel stands in front of him with raised hands (= St. Sebastian?)
On the brass knuckles , the inscription is: ANNO 1740 BY HITZ OF FIRE I AM flowed JOHANN HEUSLER HAS ME BY GOD IN helped reverse ELBING CAST. This bell is a loan bell and comes from the bell cemetery in Hamburg. It was hung in 1959.
The smaller bell has a diameter of 62 cm. It bears the inscription: AD 1914 and FULNERA TU CHRISTI ANIMIS O FIGE MARIA (Insert the wounds of Christ into the souls, O Maria) It was cast by the company Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock, Gescher in Westphalia. It is probably the larger of the two bells that were purchased after the church was restored in 1913. On Easter Monday 1914, it was consecrated in honor of the painful Mother of God. She has a weight of 164 kg. At that time a smaller bell weighing 98.5 kg was also built in honor of St. Consecrated to Emperor Heinrich II . However, this had to be delivered on June 29, 1917 for armament purposes in the First World War and came to the Hamburg bell cemetery . She never came back from the war.
The bell foundry Petit & Edelbrock took an old bell weighing 12 kg in payment. It was probably one of the two bells that were consecrated in 1850 for the house chapel in the choir room of the profaned church. Both bells sound in "g", the smaller one an octave higher.
useful information
With the secularization in the Fuldaer Land 1803 the pilgrimage church was profaned . The furnishings such as the high altar, the two side altars and the pulpit were secured and stored. Today the main altar, the two side altars and the pulpit are in the Catholic parish church of St. Vitus (Bad Salzschlirf) and thus continue to bear witness to the baroque splendor of the old pilgrimage church.
Main altar
Left side altar
Right side altar
pulpit
Pilgrim route Boniface route
In the summer of 2004, the pilgrim and hiking trail Bonifatius Route leading from Mainz to Fulda was laid out with a total of 172 km (from the cathedral in Mainz to the cathedral in Fulda ). The pilgrimage chapel is the last stage with 14 km to Fulda or, conversely, the first stage from Fulda to Mainz. The Bonifatius route follows the traces of the funeral procession in 754 from his bishop's seat in Mainz to his favorite monastery in Fulda, where the body of the Missionaries and church reformer Bonifatius von Mainz is said to have been brought to his final resting place in the crypt of the Fulda Cathedral. According to legend, Kleinheiligkreuz was the last stop before Fulda. A cross was erected in this place.
Pilgrim dwelling
In the front apartment of the former hermitage, a simple pilgrim apartment for up to 8 people has now been set up for pilgrims.
Picture gallery
Interior fittings on the left side of the altar wall: St. Bonifatius
Interior fittings on the right side of the altar wall: St. Nepomuk
Wappenstein and entrance to the front apartment of the former hermitage which is now used for pilgrims
Coat of arms stone over the rear side entrance
The small cemetery in the shadow of the pilgrimage church of Kleinheiligkreuz
Web links
- Guntherskirchen, district of Fulda. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Kleinheiligkreuz, district of Fulda. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Description and history (website of the parish)
- Fuldaer Zeitung of April 14, 1914 for the consecration of bells on Easter Monday