Hamburg-Wandsbek

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Wandsbek coat of arms
Coat of arms of Hamburg
Wandsbek
district of Hamburg
Neuwerk → zu Bezirk Hamburg-Mitte Duvenstedt Wohldorf-Ohlstedt Mellingstedt Bergstedt Volksdorf Rahlstedt Hummelsbüttel Poppenbüttel Sasel Wellingsbüttel Steilshoop Bramfeld Farmsen-Berne Eilbek Marienthal Wandsbek Tonndorf Jenfeld Moorfleet Allermöhe Neuallermöhe Spadenland Tatenberg Billwerder Lohbrügge Ochsenwerder Reitbrook Kirchwerder Neuengamme Altengamme Curslack Bergedorf Neuland Gut Moor Rönneburg Langenbek Wilstorf Harburg Sinstorf Marmstorf Eißendorf Heimfeld Hausbruch Neugraben-Fischbek Moorburg Francop Altenwerder Neuenfelde Cranz Rissen Sülldorf Blankenese Iserbrook Osdorf Lurup Nienstedten Othmarschen Groß Flottbek Ottensen Altona-Altstadt Altona-Nord Sternschanze Bahrenfeld Schnelsen Niendorf Eidelstedt Stellingen Lokstedt Hoheluft-West Eimsbüttel Rotherbaum Harvestehude Langenhorn Fuhlsbüttel Ohlsdorf Alsterdorf Groß Borstel Hohenfelde Dulsberg Barmbek-Nord Barmbek-Süd Uhlenhorst Hoheluft-Ost Eppendorf Winterhude Veddel Kleiner Grasbrook Steinwerder Wilhelmsburg Waltershof Finkenwerder St. Pauli Neustadt Hamburg-Altstadt HafenCity St. Georg Hammerbrook Borgfelde Hamm Rothenburgsort Billbrook Horn Billstedt Land Niedersachsen Land Schleswig-HolsteinLocation in the district
About this picture
Coordinates 53 ° 34 '55 "  N , 10 ° 5' 3"  E Coordinates: 53 ° 34 '55 "  N , 10 ° 5' 3"  E
surface 6.0 km²
Residents 36,443 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 6074 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 22041, 22047, 22049, 22089
prefix 040
district Wandsbek
Transport links
Regional traffic RB81Hamburg RB81.svg
Train S1Hamburg S1.svg S11Hamburg S11.svg
Subway U1Hamburg U1.svg U3Hamburg U3.svg
Source: Statistical Office for Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein

Hamburg-Wandsbek is a district in the east of Hamburg and includes the core of the formerly independent city of Wandsbek and the western part of Hinschenfelde with the garden city .

The former Wandsbek districts of Marienthal , Tonndorf and Jenfeld are now separate districts of Hamburg, but are also located in the Wandsbek district .

geography

Rantzau stone , boundary stone from 1573

The district borders Dulsberg in the north-west, Barmbek-Nord and Bramfeld in the north, Farmsen-Berne and Tonndorf in the east, Marienthal in the south and Eilbek in the west .

The district is traversed by the Wandse . The wood mill was on the border with the former Hinschenfelde , and downriver on the border with Eilbek in Hamburg, the Rantzau mill, named after Heinrich Rantzau , owner of the estate and village of Wandsbek from 1564 to 1598. There were disputes at today's mill pond the neighbor Hamburg. In 1572 an agreement was reached and boundary stones were set up. One of them is still there today, it is the oldest preserved boundary stone in Hamburg.

Wandsbek consists of different quarters:

South of the Wandse and west of Ring 2 and is the center of the former city of Wandsbek. Here are a large number of shops and public facilities as well as the central traffic junction on Wandsbek Marktplatz with the Wandsbek Markt underground station and a large bus transfer facility . Up until a few years ago, the north of Wandsbeker Marktstrasse was dominated by relaxed post-war development with one to two-story commercial buildings. Large parts of the area are currently being built up as a mill district or brewery district with predominantly five-story residential and commercial buildings.

North of the Wandse, the old village of Hinschenfelde and the garden city of Wandsbek belong to the district.

history

Origin of name and spelling

The oldest traditional form of the name Wandsbek is from the 13th century and is Wantesbeke . The place name is a transfer of the original name of the river known today as the Wandse to the place. As of the origin of the waters name again two theories: the older theory led the qualifier on as. Wanda for "change", "border" back. However, the fact that a genitive S would have been expected in the compound speaks against this. The more recent theory therefore assumes that the defining word is based on the personal name "wall". This is supported by the fact that the name Wandse was only used from 1820, before it was called Mühlenstrom or Mühlenbek. The name of the former village may also refer to the Grenzbach to the east, which today can only be seen on the surface as a wooded ditch in the neighboring district of Marienthal.

Wandsbek was increasingly spelled with "-beck" in the 16th and 17th centuries. At the time, this indicated that the "e" should be spoken long ( stretch-c , as in the still existing spelling Mecklenburg , where the "e" is also spoken long ). The provincial government in Schleswig issued an order on September 1, 1877, regulating the uniform spelling of place names. This contained, among other things, the order that "beck" would become "bek" and justified this with the publication "History of geographic surveys and maps of Northern Albingia from the end of the 15th century to 1859" by Franz Geerz , the head of the topographical Department of the Prussian General Staff, where this made appropriate suggestions. The city initially refused to implement this order and instructed the city administration staff to keep the old spelling. On an express instruction from Stormarn's district administrator on September 12, 1879, the city finally accepted the loss of the C in the name. In 1946 all place names ending in ... beck in Hamburg were changed, for example Barmbeck, now Barmbek.

Very little is known about Wandsbek in the Middle Ages: Wandsbek was first mentioned in writing in a document from the Counts of Schauenburg dated October 10, 1296, together with twelve other Stormarn villages. The small farming settlement was near today's Schloßstraße and consisted of an estate and several farmsteads. In 1460 the Danish king became sovereign over Schleswig-Holstein and thus also over Wandsbek. From now on the small place was a fiefdom under changing owners.

Modern times

Map of Wandsbeck and the surrounding area around 1790

In 1524 Wandsbek became a noble estate, which the owner could freely dispose of. The Hamburg Senate Syndicus Adam Tratziger (* 1523; † 1584) was the last of a series of Hamburg citizens to hold the estate as a pledge from the Danish king until 1564. He sold the area to Heinrich Rantzau , who was governor of the Danish king for the royal part of Schleswig-Holstein from 1556 to 1598. Under Rantzau, Wandsbek grew from a purely farming village to a larger town after 1550. So he dammed the Wandse (today's mill pond) and used water power. He had the old manor house demolished in 1564 and built a moated castle on the ground, which he called the Wandesburg . In 1597/98 Rantzau hosted the famous Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe at the Wandesburg , who explored the night sky from there.

The Danish King Christian IV took over the place as a squire from 1614 to 1641. He granted the Jews living in Wandsbek the formation of a community, the Jewish cemetery at what is now the Königszeile was built in 1637. (After this cemetery was closed in 1886, a second Jewish cemetery was opened in Jenfelder Strasse, which is also no longer continued today.) In 1641, Wandsbeck came to the property of the imperial count Christian von Pentz, the governor appointed by Christian IV. in Glückstadt and who was married to his daughter Sophie Elisabeth. Pentz exchanged Wandsbeck for his Gut Neudorf bei Hohwacht and at the same time received a dowry of 40,000 thalers. However, he could not hold Wandsbeck long. In 1645 the Hamburg citizen Albert Balthasar Behrens acquired the estate and expanded it extensively in 1646 by buying the villages of Hinschenfelde and Tonndorf .

The German-Danish merchant, slave trader and slave owner Heinrich Carl von Schimmelmann acquired the rural estate village in 1762. Schimmelmann had commercial skills that he used in trading and financial transactions to build up a considerable fortune. After the acquisition by Schimmelmann, Wandsbek experienced a violent economic upswing: In an economically favorable location outside the gates of Hamburg, it quickly developed from a town to a factory. Mills, breweries, craft and commercial enterprises formed the backbone. Up to 1,500 workers were employed in five bleachers , because printed cotton fabrics were in great demand and an important commodity.

Schimmelmann began in 1762 to have a representative three-wing mansion with a large park to the south built on today's Schloßstraße as a replacement for the Wandesburg. Because of the elaborate design, it was later called Wandsbeker Castle . Two lion sculptures still preserved today lined the entrance to Wandsbeker Castle. These sculptures are under monument protection and are placed at the top of the Wandsbeker market. In the district office, the attic that adorned the ledge above the northern front, and two stone vases in the area of ​​the registry office on the Wandsbeck market square, have been preserved. From 1773 Wandsbek belonged to the Danish state. After Schimmelmann's death, his son, the landlord Christian Schimmelmann , sold the northern part to the Danish king in 1807 and kept the southern part (roughly equivalent to the Marienthal area ) in his private possession. The so-called Königsland in the western area of ​​the old village of Hinschenfelde was also leased from the landowners at times.

19th and 20th centuries

Wandsbeck 1861
The colorful market life in Wandsbeker around 1890

From 1804 Wandsbek received extended rights as a factory. With the awarded spot justice 1833, the village status ended. In 1856 Wandsbek already had 5010 inhabitants. The property speculator Johann Anton Wilhelm von Carstenn acquired the southern part of Wandsbek in 1857 for 230,000 Reichstaler from Schimmelmann's descendants. Carstenn had the intact castle torn down in 1861 and parceled out the western part of the estate in order to sell the large plots at a profit. In this way, the area was developed, a spacious villa development was created, a villa suburb of Wandsbek. Also in 1861, Carstenn applied for the entire Marienthal area to be named. He received the approval and the place the desired, new official name. Marienthal therefore no longer belonged to Wandsbek and had an unclear legal status.

With the end of the German-Danish War in 1864, Wandsbek went to Prussia. A year later the Hamburg-Lübeck railway line was built, which ran directly past Wandsbek. There was Wandsbek first station , with which the transport infrastructure improved even though the trader in Wandsbek would have preferred a history of the railway in the area of Wandse, but could not prevail against the influence Carstenns. With over 10,000 inhabitants, Wandsbek only received town rights on June 1, 1870. Three years later, Wandsbek became the administrative seat of the Stormarn district . The (re) incorporation of Marienthal took place in 1878. Marienthal - whose history is closely intertwined with the Wandsbeks - thus became part of the city of Wandsbek. On September 14, 1886, in the Wandsbeck synagogue, Dr. Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, Martha Bernays. The incorporation of the Hinschenfelde area took place in 1900, but Hinschenfelde had been closely associated with Wandsbek since the middle of the 17th century. As a result of this incorporation, the population of Wandsbek rose to over 27,000. As a result, Wandsbek could be declared an independent city, but initially remained the seat of the district administration of the Stormarn district.

In 1908 Wandsbek had 33,706 inhabitants. The city gained the character of a suburb of Hamburg: gradually sloping buildings, extensive green spaces and arteries and thoroughfares connected to Hamburg. This basic pattern corresponded to the “Scheme of the natural development of the organism Hamburg” published by Fritz Schumacher in 1921 . That is why the mayor of Wandsbeck, Erich Wasa Rodig, and the mayor of Altona, Bernhard Schnackenburg, called for the two suburbs to be incorporated into the large neighboring city of Hamburg in 1916, but in vain at the time. The National Socialists fulfilled this wish as part of their centralization around 20 years later through the Greater Hamburg Law of 1937. In 1927 Tonndorf was incorporated into Wandsbek, with the exception of the Lohe district. Wandsbek was incorporated into the state of Hamburg in 1938. This year, Wandsbek's 68 years of extensive independence as a city ends. The Wandsbeker town hall in the Wandsbeker Königsstraße was used for administrative purposes and the district administration for Stormarn initially remained in Hamburg.

Wandsbek was extensively damaged and destroyed in July 1943 as part of Operation Gomorrah . The typical rebuilt houses of the 1950s are therefore well represented and sometimes define the face of entire streets.

The District Administration Act of 1949 made Wandsbek a district of Hamburg in 1951. The historic Hinschenfelde was divided between Wandsbek and Tonndorf and disappeared completely from an administrative point of view. Marienthal became an independent Hamburg district alongside Wandsbek.

The impressive Stormarnhaus , designed by Fritz Höger in 1922/23 , which served as the seat of the district administration until 1943, now functions as the district office for the north-eastern administrative district to which Wandsbek gave its name. It is located in the historic center of Wandsbeck, but has been in the Marienthal district since 1951. When and why the incorrect lettering "Rathaus Wandsbek" was placed on the facade is no longer known in the district office today.

mayor

First mayor , from 1888 mayor

Second mayor , from 1909 mayor

population

The population in the Wandsbek district is made up as follows (data from the North Statistics Office, as of December 2016):

  • Total population: 34,469 people
  • Minor quota: 12.1%, below the Hamburg average of 16.2%.
  • Share of households with children: 12.7%, well below the Hamburg average of 17.8%.
  • Old age quota (65-year-olds and older): 19.1%, is slightly above the Hamburg average of 18.3%.
  • Proportion of foreigners: 15.9%, is slightly below the Hamburg average of 16.7%.
  • Share of benefit recipients according to SGBII (Hartz IV): 9.4%, is below the Hamburg average of 10.3%
  • Unemployment rate: 5.0%, roughly equivalent to the Hamburg average of 5.3%.

Wandsbek is one of the less affluent districts of Hamburg. The average annual income per taxpayer was around 28,567 euros in 2013 and is significantly lower than the Hamburg average (39,054 euros)

politics

For the election to Hamburg citizenship , Wandsbek belongs to the constituency of Wandsbek . The 2015 election for citizenship led to the following result:

Wandsbeker coat of arms
  • SPD 51.8% (-1.8)
  • CDU 13.7% (−6.0)
  • Greens 9.5% (+0.9)
  • Left 7.7% (+1.1)
  • AfD 6.9% (+6.9)
  • FDP 5.4% (+0.2)
  • Remaining 5.0% (-1.3)

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Wandsbek shows the hat, bag and cane of the Wandsbeck Bothen in silver on a blue background , in the left (heraldic: front) corner of the coat of arms is the shield of Stormarn , a white swan on a red background. With the incorporation of Wandsbek to Hamburg in 1937, the communal independence ended and the coat of arms lost its official meaning.

Culture and sights

  • The Schimmelmann Mausoleum (built by Gottlieb Horn from 1787 to 1791) is considered to be the most important classicist building in Northern Europe.
  • The Claudius memorial stone (erected in 1840 for the poet's 100th birthday), which is now in the first wood in Hamburg's neighboring district of Marienthal, is the first natural stone monument in Hamburg's urban area.
  • The Rantzaustein (1573) is Hamburg's oldest remaining boundary stone.
  • The historical tour (1998) leads on 37 stations to many sights and historical places in the center of Wandsbek and in the neighboring district of Marienthal.

Parks

Puvogel fountain

Churches

Economy and Infrastructure

Infrastructure

In the center of the district is the Wandsbek market square , in the area of ​​which is the central bus station, the Wandsbek Markt underground station , the Christ Church , the historic cemetery with the grave of Matthias Claudius , the Schimmelmann mausoleum , which is considered an important classicist building and the Quarree shopping center are located. The Wandsbeker Marktstrasse runs through the center of Wandsbek in an east-west direction, on it is the second oldest department store in Germany, the Karstadt Wandsbek . The Wandsbek district office, the former post office and the Haspahaus in Hamburg-Marienthal are located on the southern edge of the market square on Schloßstraße. The “historical tour” opened in 1998 with 36 stations leads through the center of Wandsbek and the adjacent Marienthal.

Institutions

The State Archive of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg , in which the original documents on the city's history and numerous files are kept, has been located in Wandsbek since 1998.

The Hamburg library is located on Wandbeker Allee and has around 45,000 media.

The Wandsbek local history museum is located in the Morewood monastery on Böhmestrasse . This stores information about the history of Wandsbek.

Educational institutions

Established businesses

  • The head office of the Budnikowsky drugstore chain is in Wandsbeker Königstrasse .
  • At Neumarkt 20 there is a factory of the food manufacturer Nestlé on the site of the former chocolate factory, formerly Actien-Brauerei-Marienthal.
  • The headquarters of the Andersen pastry shops were at Wandsbeker Marktstrasse 153 .
  • In the Wandsbeker Zollstrasse 59 as 1836 produced Helbings founded Kornbrennerei Ohly GmbH (formerly German Hefewerke ), one of the largest yeast producers in Europe.
  • The synthetic resin manufacturer Allnex operates a plant in Helbingstrasse.

In the area to the north and south of Friedrich-Ebert-Damm and west of the street on the outskirts , numerous commercial and industrial companies are located in Wandsbek.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

According to the year of appointment:

(1) revoked in October 1945 by a resolution of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
Matthias Claudius

sons and daughters of the town

Other personalities

  • Heinrich Rantzau (1526–1598), landlord, governor of Holstein and humanist
  • Tycho Brahe (1546–1601), astronomer, lived on the Wall Castle in 1597/98
  • Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), the founder of psychoanalysis, married Martha Bernays in 1886 in Wandsbek

photos

  • Wandsbeker market square at night

  • Charlotte-Paulsen-Gymnasium

  • Matthias Claudius High School

  • Sculpture Matthias Claudius' The Leap of Joy by the Wandsbeck sculptor Bernd Stöcker

  • Mausoleum for Heinrich Carl von Schimmelmann in the cemetery of the Christ Church

  • Wandsbeker Marktstrasse in May 2008

literature

  • Georg-Wilhelm Röpke: Wandsbek - the book. Book publisher Otto Heinevetter, Hamburg 1994, ISBN 3-929171-51-1 .
  • Wilhelm Jensen: Wandsbek - Its history and its church. For the 325th anniversary of the Wandsbek parish. Hamburg-Wandsbek 1959, DNB 574103295 .
  • Joachim Pohlmann: Wandsbek - pictures from yesterday and today. Hamburg, ISBN 3-920610-33-4 .
  • Alfred Pohlmann: Our Wandsbek - history and stories from 700 years. Hamburg 1975, ISBN 3-920610-08-3 .
  • Helmuth Fricke , Michael Pommerening, Georg-Wilhelm Röpke: Wandsbek in words and pictures. 2000, ISBN 3-9807460-0-3 .
  • Helmuth Fricke, Michael Pommerening, Richard Hölck: The churches on the Wandsbeker market. Mühlenbek, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-9807460-2-X .
  • Michael Pommerening, Joachim Frank: The Wandsbeker Castle - Rantzau, Brahe and the Schimmelmann family. 2004, ISBN 3-9807460-3-8 .
  • Gerhard Fuchs, Michael Pommerening (ed.): Bernd Stöcker - Wandsbeker sculptures. 2001, ISBN 3-9807460-1-1 .
  • Michael Pommerening (Ed.): With Claudius through Wandsbek - A journey through time with Volker Lechtenbrink. Audio CD. 2008, ISBN 978-3-9807460-5-2 .
  • Michael Pommerening: Wandsbek - A historical tour. Mühlenbek, Hamburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-9807460-6-9 .
  • Michael Pommerening: Matthias Claudius - Asmus, Andres, Görgel and Wandsbecker Bote. Mühlenbek, Hamburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-9807460-9-0 .
  • Daniel Kasai: Wandsbek - a visual foray through history. Hamburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-00-051808-9 .
  • Wandsbek commemorates 1933–1945, guide to the memorials, published by the Wandsbek district assembly, Hamburg 2020, ISBN 978-3-00-064458-0

swell

  • Franklin Kopitzsch , Daniel Tilgner (Ed.): Hamburg Lexikon. 2nd, revised edition. Zeiseverlag, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-9805687-9-2 .
  • Daniel Tilgner (Ed.): Hamburg from Altona to Zollenspieker. The Haspa manual for all districts of the Hanseatic city. Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-455-11333-8 .
  • The list of honorary citizens from: Ernst Christian Schütt among others: Die Chronik Hamburgs. Chronik-Verlag / Harenberg, Dortmund 1991, ISBN 3-611-00194-5 .
  • The list of mayors from: Georg Wilhelm Röpke: Between Alster and Wandse. District lexicon of the Wandsbek district. Verlag Otto Heinevetter, Hamburg 1985, ISBN 3-87474-961-4 .

See also

Web links

Commons : Hamburg-Wandsbek  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ On all this Wolfgang Laur : The names of places and waters of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Neumünster 2012, p. 242 f.
  2. ↑ Statistics Office North, Hamburg district profiles, reporting year 2016, pp. 138–139; Data status December 31, 2016 (accessed February 8, 2018)
  3. ↑ State elections in Hamburg on February 15, 2015. Wandsbek. In: wahlen-hamburg.de. Statistical Office for Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein, accessed on April 14, 2015 .
  4. ^ The Wandsbeker coat of arms ( memento from March 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive )