Office Lichtenberg (Hesse)

The Lichtenberg office was successively an office of the County of Katzenelnbogen , the Landgraviate of Hesse , the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt and, from 1806, of the Grand Duchy of Hesse until 1821 . The seat of the office in the front Odenwald was the castle and later Lichtenberg Castle .

Components

In addition to the Lichtenberg office , there was the Lichtenberg winery , which administered manorial property. She was in charge of the cellar and later the rent master . The office and the winery merged functionally over the course of time, so that in later times only the Lichtenberg office was mentioned.

1430 Lichtenberg winery	1440 Lichtenberg office	1803 Lichtenberg office	Remained after the Reinheim office was outsourced in 1820	annotation
		Allertshofen	Allertshofen
		Asbach	Asbach	Acquired in 1722 by the Lords of Wallbrunn
	Beedenkirchen
		Bierbach	Bierbach
Billings		Billings	Billings
Brandau	Brandau	Brandau	Brandau
Brensbach	Brensbach
		Dilshofen
		Ernsthofen	Ernsthofen
		Frankenhausen	Frankenhausen
	Groß-Bieberau	Groß-Bieberau	Groß-Bieberau
		Gundernhausen		1820 to the Reinheim office
		Rooster		1820 to the Reinheim office
	Grove			No assignment known. Desolation ?
Hausen	Hausen	Niedernhausen	Niedernhausen	Today's Obernhausen and Niedernhausen
		Herchenrode	Herchenrode
		Hippelsbach	Hippelsbach
		Hoxhohl	Hoxhohl
Kainsbach	Kainsbach
		Kirnbach		No assignment known.
		Klein-Bieberau	Klein-Bieberau
	Lichtenberg	Lichtenberg	Lichtenberg
		Lützelbach	Lützelbach
Malchen
Messbach		Messbach	Messbach
		Neunkirchen
German	German	German	German
	Niedermodau	Nieder-Modau	Nieder-Modau
Nonrod		Nonrod	Nonrod
		Obernhausen		1820 to the Reinheim office
	Ober-Ramstadt	Ober-Ramstadt		1820 to the Reinheim office
		Reinheim		1820 to the Reinheim office
		Rodau	Rodau
	Rohrbach			1820 to the Reinheim office
	Rossdorf	Rossdorf		1820 to the Reinheim office
	Seeheim
		Language bridges		1820 to the Reinheim office
	Staderstatt
		Steinau	Steinau
	Exceedingly	Exceedingly		1820 to the Reinheim office
		Webern	Webern
		Wembach		1820 to the Reinheim office
		Wersau	Wersau
		Zeilhard		1820 to the Reinheim office

function

In the Middle Ages and early modern times , offices were a level between the municipalities and the sovereign rulership . The functions of administration and jurisdiction were not separated here. The office was headed by a bailiff who was appointed by the rulers.

Official seat

Lichtenberg Castle is the official seat of the administration of the historical office of the same name

Seat of the Office Lichtenberg was the castle and later emerged from her castle Lichtenberg . The construction of the castle is attributed to the Counts of Katzenelnbogen around 1200. The count palatine owned the upper bailiff's rights in the Lorsch monastery, whose possessions also extended over the area of the later Amt Lichtenberg. When the imperial monastery was placed under the control of the Archdiocese of Mainz in 1232 by Emperor Friedrich II , this constellation developed into serious conflicts. These disputes could not be settled until the beginning of the 14th century through a contract in which the possessions of the monastery were divided between Kurmainz and Electoral Palatinate and the bailiwick rights of the Count Palatine were confirmed. The Palatinate feudal rule did not end until 1803 with the dissolution of the Electoral Palatinate by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss .

The County of Katzenelnbogen consists of two main areas, the Lower County around Katzenelnbogen and Rheinfels Castle and the Upper County , south of the Main around Darmstadt , to which Lichtenberg Castle also belonged. Parts of Hausen (today Oberhausen ) also belonged to the area of Lichtenberg Castle Freedom . In the 14th century, the Counts of Sponheim owned the castle as a Palatine fiefdom for several decades. From 1398 belehnte Palatine Ruprecht again the Eberhard V with castle and town Lichtenberg along with villages Biberaw and Husen ... (Bieberau and Hausen)

At the time of the first known mention (1422) of the Lichtenberg district, the castle was in the hands of Katzenelnbog. Both the office and the winery were housed here. The palace also remained the official seat when the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt became the Grand Duchy of Hessen in 1806 . After the administrative reform of 1821, the Lichtenberg district court resided here . It was not until the regional court was relocated to Reinheim in 1848 that the palace had served its purpose as the official residence.

history

middle Ages

Map of the Oberamt Lichtenberg from 1750

The oldest surviving mention of the Lichtenberg office dates from 1422. It was created as a regional unit in the County of Katzenelnbogen and its part of the Upper County of Katzenelnbogen .

In 1457 Anna von Katzenelnbogen, Philip the Elder's heir , married Landgrave Heinrich III. from Hessen-Marburg . With Philip's death in 1479, the County of Katzenelnbogen fell to the Landgraves of Hesse .

Early modern age

When the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided under the heirs of Landgrave Philip I in 1567, the entire Upper County of Katzenelnbogen came to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt .

Substantive law

Its first regent, Landgrave Georg I , arranged for the Landrecht collection of the Upper County of Katzenelnbogen , compiled by his Chancellor, Johann Kleinschmidt , to become legally binding. They also applied in all municipalities of the Office Lichtenberg as a particular law , subsidiary complemented by the Common Law , to the end of the 19th century. It was not until January 1, 1900, when the Civil Code , which was uniformly valid throughout the German Reich , that the old particular law was suspended.

Court organization

In the area of the Lichtenberg office there were two court organizations with different local jurisdictions at the end of the 18th century:
1. The Lichtenberg court (separate jurisdiction; separate from the Ober-Ramstadt central court ). It includes a clerk with a clerk as a judicial clerk and a clerk and other inspectors as a cameraman. The Lichtenberg court includes Lichtenberg Castle and Castle, Obernhausen and Kirnbach.
2. The centering Ober Ramstadt which the High jurisdiction held on the remaining areas of the office. Their district consisted of:
2.1 The French residents in Wembach, Hahn and Rohrbach .
2.2 The places Brensbach , Großzimmer and Semd , which belonged to the Oberamt Umstadt .
2.3 The "rice wagon" Brandau, Großbierau, Oberramstadt, Reinheim and Roßdorf. Each of these "rice wagons" (districts) had to provide a freight wagon ( rice wagon ) including draft animals and servants for campaigns. Each rice wagon was headed by a high school officer who was subordinate to the centgrave .
2.3.1 The Brandauer Reiswagen consisted of the towns of Brandau , Neunkirchen , Allertshofen , Hoxhohl , Herchenrode , Lützelbach , Ernsthofen , Neutsch , Klein-Bieberau and Webern .
2.3.2 The Großbierauer Reiswagen consisted of the towns of Großbieberau with Hippelsbach , Rodau , Steinau , Wersau and the community of Waldhausen (with the towns of Niedernhausen , Billings , Meßbach and Nonrod ).
2.3.3 The Oberramstädter Reiswagen consisted of the towns of Oberramstadt with the German residents of Wembach, Hahn and Rohrbach as well as Asbach , Dilshofen , Obermodau , Niedermodau and Frankenhausen
2.3.4 The Reinheimer Reiswagen consisted of the town of Reinheim with its mills and Überau . The city had its own rent master.
2.3.5 The Roßdorfer Reiswagen consisted of the towns of Roßdorf and Gundernhausen .

Modern times and dissolution

With the collapse of the old order as a result of the French Revolution , the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt also had to reorganize itself, above all to integrate the areas gained through secularization and mediatization into the state. From the Upper County of Katzenelnbogen and all areas south of the Main , which now belonged to the Landgraviate, the Principality of Starkenburg (later: Province of Starkenburg ) was formed, which also included the Lichtenberg Office.

With the executive order of December 9, 1803, the central courts were repealed and the jurisdiction of the first instance in civil matters was concentrated in the offices, including in the Lichtenberg office. With the executive order of December 9, 1803, the judicial system of the two higher authorities was reorganized. For the Principality of Starkenburg, the “Hofgericht Darmstadt” became the second instance court for civil matters. It was also responsible in the first instance for civil family matters and criminal matters . The higher appeal court in Darmstadt was superordinate to it .

In 1806 the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt became the Grand Duchy of Hessen . At that time the Lichtenberg district had 1,572 houses with 19,536 inhabitants. Of these, 9,913 were Lutherans, 584 Reformed and Waldensians, 96 Catholics, 26 Mennonites and 117 Jews.

In 1820 a number of communities were spun off from the Lichtenberg office and merged into a separate Reinheim office .

In 1821 there was another administrative reform. With it, the court and administration were separated at the lowest level. District districts were created for the administrative tasks previously performed in the offices, and district courts for the first instance jurisdiction. The tasks of the dissolved office of Lichtenberg were taken over by the district of Reinheim and the district court of Lichtenberg . The latter was also moved to Reinheim in 1848.

Bailiffs

The Hessian place name book Starkenburg names the following officials, whose salary was 70 florins .

1479 and 1494: Gernand von Schmalbach
1500 and 1502: Reinhard von Boineburg zu Fürsteneck
1504: Hans von Boineburg
1506 and 1512: Johann Itel von Lewenstein
1513: Johann Schwertzel von Willingshausen
1514 and 1518: Johann orphan von Fauerbach
1519 and 1531: Wolf von Herbestat
1522–1570: Burghard von Hertingshausen
1579 and 1584: Gilbrecht von Karben
1586 and 1593: Otto von Tettenborn
1599 and 1612: Johann Balthasar von Schrautenbach
1638 and 1641: Heinrich Dietrich von Grünrodt
1642: Johann Jakob Straiff von Löwenstein
1646: Augustin von Bylau
1653: Johann Gottfried von Linsing
1666: Johann von Arenth
1671 and 1673: Wilhelm Gremp von Freudenstein
1701: Ferdinand Burkhard von Hartenfels
1731: Philipp Friedrich Gremp von Freudenstein
before 1766 Oberamtmann von Barckhausen
1732: Heinrich Wilhelm Langsdorf

Official cellar

List of the cellars of the Lichtenberg office from 1483 to 1731. The office cellars were paid with 24 florins and 5 Albus .

1483: Matthes von Riße

1507: Conrad Weng

1513: Martin Biebesheimer

????: Caspar Baumann

1522: Dietrich Weitling

1533: Heinrich Büdner

1540: Hans Schallhart

1544: Johann Sensenschmidt

1555: Wolf Pfeilstüder

1571: Friedrich Friedrich

1575: Philipp Balleßen

1577: Hans von Detmold

1579: Georg Schmidt

1589: Martin Uloth

1656: Georg Uloth

1658: Johann Wilhelm Zühl

1658: Wilhelm Balthasar Sulzer as administrator

1660: Johann Georg Vigelius also judge in the Boyneburg court until 1676

1671: Johann Görg Jundheim and Heinrich Michelbacher as rent administrators

????: Johann Leonhard Wagner

1731: Johann Jacob Lanthard

Burgraves

From 1315 to 1749, the following burgraves held office as head of the Burgfriedensbezirks , the castle freedom and the castle court of Lichtenberg . They were princely court officials and received a salary of 30 florins.

1315: Gerlach Granß von Heppenheft
1576: Hans Hess
1583: Hans Müller
1601: Hans Lew alias Cautz
1622: Johann Junker von Löwenstein zu Storndorf
1634: Adolf Hermann Kramer
1638: Hermann Freudenberger
1640: Hans Röder
1646: Johann Jacob Buxbaum
1660: Johann Hermann Wagner
1677: Christmann Boßler
1689: Hans Müller
1690: Johann Georg Wagner
1692: Eberhard Wolff at the same time Constabel
1693: Caspar Wolff
1734: Johann Leonhard Boßler
1742: Johann Wendel Boßler
1749: Johann Peter Boßler

literature

Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place name book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB 366995820 , OCLC 614375103 .
Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 .

Web links

The jurisdiction in the Lichtenberg office. In: Geopark Fischbachtal. Accessed February 2020
Lichtenberg Castle, Fischbachtal community. Castles, palaces, mansions. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on September 1, 2020 .
Lichtenberg, Darmstadt-Dieburg district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on September 1, 2020 .

Remarks

↑ "Hofhaus zu Kainsbach".

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB 366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 428 ff .
↑ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt , inventory E 8 A No. 352/4 .
↑ Individual references in the article Amt Reinheim .
↑ City of Lichtenberg? In: Website of the Fischbachtal community. Accessed February 2020 .
↑ Arthur Benno Schmidt : The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893, p. 108f. and enclosed card.
↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p. 122 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p. 116 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt, p. 403ff.
^ ^A ^b ^c Carl Friedrich Günther: Pictures from the Hessian Prehistory - With 51 plates illustrations . Ed .: CF Günther. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1853, OCLC 1062102891 , p. 417 ( digitized version ).
↑ Carl Friedrich Günther: Pictures from the Hessian Prehistory - With 51 plates illustrations . Ed .: CF Günther. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1853, OCLC 1062102891 , p. 408-409 ( digitized version ).

↑ Hans H. Weber: The castle freedom Lichtenberg - a contribution to the problem of the late medieval city in the Odenwald . Ed .: Dr. Winfried Wackerfuß on behalf of the Breuberg Federation . Reprint from Volume III - Contributions to the exploration of the Odenwald and its peripheral landscapes. Breuberg-Neustadt 1980, OCLC 888480865 , p. 135 .

↑ Dr. Thomas Diehl: Aristocratic rule in the Werra area - the Boyneburg court in the process of laying the foundations for early modern statehood (late 16th to early 18th century) . tape 159 - Sources and research on Hessian history. Historical Commission for Hesse / Hessian Historical Commission , Marburg / Darmstadt 2002, ISBN 978-3-88443-314-0 , p. 130-131, 176 .

↑ Johannes Feick: Lichtenberg in the Odenwald in the past and present - described according to the sources . tape 2 . Commission publisher Ludwig Saeng, Darmstadt 1903, OCLC 179967333 , p. 106 .

^ Wilhelm Stuckert: Reinheimer house spaces within the formerly fortified city and their owners . Ed .: Evangelical Church Community Reinheim. Reinheim 2008, OCLC 263434037 , p. 64 .

[4] "Hofhaus zu Kainsbach".

[WM-1] Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB 366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 428 ff .

[2] Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt , inventory E 8 A No. 352/4 .

[3] Individual references in the article Amt Reinheim .

[5] City of Lichtenberg? In: Website of the Fischbachtal community. Accessed February 2020 .

[6] Arthur Benno Schmidt : The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893, p. 108f. and enclosed card.

[Adr-LG-HD-7] Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p. 122 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).

[Adr-LG-HD-1806-8] Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p. 116 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).

[9] Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt, p. 403ff.

[BadHV-10] A ^b ^c Carl Friedrich Günther: Pictures from the Hessian Prehistory - With 51 plates illustrations . Ed .: CF Günther. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1853, OCLC 1062102891 , p. 417 ( digitized version ).

[11] Carl Friedrich Günther: Pictures from the Hessian Prehistory - With 51 plates illustrations . Ed .: CF Günther. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1853, OCLC 1062102891 , p. 408-409 ( digitized version ).

[12] Hans H. Weber: The castle freedom Lichtenberg - a contribution to the problem of the late medieval city in the Odenwald . Ed .: Dr. Winfried Wackerfuß on behalf of the Breuberg Federation . Reprint from Volume III - Contributions to the exploration of the Odenwald and its peripheral landscapes. Breuberg-Neustadt 1980, OCLC 888480865 , p. 135 .

[13] Dr. Thomas Diehl: Aristocratic rule in the Werra area - the Boyneburg court in the process of laying the foundations for early modern statehood (late 16th to early 18th century) . tape 159 - Sources and research on Hessian history. Historical Commission for Hesse / Hessian Historical Commission , Marburg / Darmstadt 2002, ISBN 978-3-88443-314-0 , p. 130-131, 176 .

[14] Johannes Feick: Lichtenberg in the Odenwald in the past and present - described according to the sources . tape 2 . Commission publisher Ludwig Saeng, Darmstadt 1903, OCLC 179967333 , p. 106 .

[15] Wilhelm Stuckert: Reinheimer house spaces within the formerly fortified city and their owners . Ed .: Evangelical Church Community Reinheim. Reinheim 2008, OCLC 263434037 , p. 64 .