Atari, Inc. (2003)

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Atari, Inc.

logo
legal form Incorporated
founding 1993 (as GT Interactive)
1999 (renamed to Infogrames, Inc.)
2003 (renamed to Atari, Inc.)
Seat New York City , NY , United StatesUnited StatesUnited States 
management Eugene Davis (Interim CEO )
Number of employees 232 (2006)
sales $ 218 million (2006)
Website www.atari.com
Status: 2006

Atari, Inc. , formerly GT Interactive and Infogrames, Inc. , is an American publisher of computer games . The company was founded in 1993 as GT Interactive Software Corporation (GT = Good Times , GTIS for short ). In December 1999 the French publisher Infogrames Entertainment SA (IESA) took over a majority stake in GT Interactive and renamed the company Infogrames, Inc. After acquiring the Atari trademark rights, Infogrames Entertainment finally renamed the company to Atari, Inc. in 2003. It has no direct connection with Atari, Inc. ( Pong ), founded in 1972 by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney .

history

GT Interactive

1993 - 1995: Rapid growth and IPO

GT Interactive was founded in 1993 as a division of Good Times Home Video , a distributor of VHS cassettes owned by the Cayre family. In the same year Doom was released, which sold 2.9 million times through various publishers, including GT Interactive. In its first year, the company had sales of $ 10.3 million.

In 1994, in the company's second year of existence, sales rose 880% to $ 101 million and profits were 18 million. GT Interactive's relationship with id Software brought the company another hit, Doom 2: Hell on Earth , which was released in October of that year and sold over two million times.

In February 1995 GTIS acquired the publishing rights for computer games based on the works of the American children's book author Mercer Mayer , including his character Little Critter and the book series Little Monster . GT Interactive also set up stands for inexpensive software games in the supermarket chains Kmart and Walmart . GTIS also signed an exclusive software supply agreement with Walmart, which, according to a statement by UBS Securities analyst Michael Wallace, gave the company a special position of supremacy: "Every software developer has to negotiate with GT if he wants to sell at Wal-Mart."

In December 1995 GT Interactive was first traded on the NASDAQ technology exchange under the symbol GTIS . The IPO brought the company 140 million US dollars, making it the second largest IPO of the year after Netscape Communications . In total, GT Interactive publicly offered 10 million shares for $ 14 each. When it went public, the Cayre founding family sold more than 1.4 million shares, 9.2% of their total stake, and received US $ 20 million in return. For the 1995 financial year, GTIS was again able to report strong sales growth of 134% compared to the previous year, to a total of 234.4 million US dollars. Revenue rose less strongly, by 23% to $ 22.6 million.

1996–1998 Expansion through debt and cooling sales growth

In January 1996 GT Interactive received the publishing rights for the long-awaited first-person shooter Quake from id Software . In February, GTIS and Target signed an agreement that made GT Interactive the primary supplier of consumer software to all 675 Target stores across the US. In June 1996, GTIS acquired the developer studio WizardWorks , which developed the hunting simulation Deer Hunter , in exchange for 2.4 million company shares , and FormGen , which held the publishing rights for Duke Nukem , for a further one million company shares or the equivalent of 17 million US dollars . Quake for Windows was also released in June . 1.8 million copies of the game were sold and Quake became a major classic PC game.

In July 1996, the development studio Humongous Entertainment was acquired by GT Interactive for 3.5 million company shares or the equivalent of 76 million US dollars. In 1995 Humongous Entertainments sales had increased 233% from three to ten million dollars. This deal gave GT Interactive the rights to successful children's software titles such as Töff-Töff (English: Putt-Putt ), Fritzi Fisch (English: Freddie the Fish ) and Spy Fox . On September 17, 1996, the investor Creative Programming and Technology Ventures, Inc. acquired the 50% stake in the developer studio Oddworld Inhabitants and thus also acquired the worldwide exclusive publication rights to its debut work Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee . In November 1996, GTIS acquired Warner Interactive Europe for 6.3 million in cash, giving GTIS access to the software markets in Western Europe. Compared to the previous fiscal year, GTIS was finally able to report a profit growth of 11% to 25.1 million US dollars. Sales growth had dropped to 56% and total sales were $ 365 million. Problems began to emerge, however, with fourth quarter net income down 16.8% year over year to $ 8.5 million.

In January 1997, GTIS acquired One Stop , a European budget game publisher, for $ 800,000 in cash. In June GTIS signed an agreement with the music broadcaster MTV on the publishing rights for games for the animated series Beavis and Butt-Head and Aeon Flux . In October, GTIS acquired the game developer SingleTrac , which held the rights to games such as Twisted Metal and Jet Moto , for $ 14.7 million, of which 5.4 million were in cash and 9.3 million in the form of shares . In September the humongous label Cavedog Entertainment released its first game, Total Annihilation , which sold over a million copies.

On October 5, 1997, GTIS announced that it had signed a contract to acquire developer and publisher MicroProse for $ 250 million in shares. The contract was unanimously accepted by the boards of directors of both companies and the deal was expected to close by the end of the year. But on December 5th, the takeover was called off because, according to the two managing directors, "the time is simply not right" for this deal. MicroProse's market value crashed after this information became known.

GTIS's 1997 results were also negative, as GTIS forfeited its exclusive deal with Wal Mart in March as the supermarket chain decided to source its software directly from publishers in the future. GT Interactive's share of the entertainment software market, which had peaked at 9% and 10%, fell to an all-time low of 6.4%. Only in the market for arcade and action games did GT Interactive remain the market leader with a market share of 20.3%. However, GT Interactive had a high leverage ratio of 41%, while that of its competitor Electronic Arts was only 8%. In 1997 GTIS's return on investment was therefore −16.14%. Over the year, GTIS increased sales 45% to $ 530 million, which meant a further decrease in sales growth. For the first time GT Interactive had to report a loss, the company lost a total of 25 million US dollars over the year.

In May 1998 GT Interactive published Epic Games first-person shooter Unreal, which was able to sell over 800,000 copies in the first ten months. The Deer Hunter 2 , released in October, posted the same sales figures . In November 1998, GTIS acquired One Zero Media for $ 17.2 million in shares , making GTIS the first games publisher with its own entertainment website. In December 1998, Legend Entertainment was taken over for around two million US dollars and Reflections Interactive for 2.3 million shares or the equivalent of 13.5 million US dollars. In October 1998 GT Interactive had a cutscene cut from the second game by Oddworld Inhabitants, Oddworld: Abe's Exoddus , broadcast at the Laemmle Theaters in Los Angeles . With this film, developers and publishers applied for the 1999 Academy Awards , but were not considered. For the fourth quarter of fiscal 1998, GT Interactive reported net income of $ 16.7 million on revenues of $ 246.3 million. For the full year GT Interactive sales had increased by just 10% to 584 million US dollars, but the company was able to report a return to profitability with a net profit of 20.3 million.

1999: Takeover by Infogrames

GT Interactive

logo
legal form Corporation
founding 1993
resolution 1999
Reason for dissolution Conversion to Infogrames, Inc.
Seat New York City , United StatesUnited StatesUnited States 
management Thomas A. Heymann (CEO)
John T. Baker IV (President)
Number of employees 1168 (August, 1999)
sales $ 408 million (1999)
Branch Software development
Status: 1999

1999 was a bad year for GT Interactive shareholders after reporting losses of $ 90 million in the first quarter due to restructuring measures. In view of these poor balance sheet figures, CEO Ron Chaimowitz was dismissed and replaced by Thomas A. Heymann.

Game sales fell in 1999 compared to the previous year, which had fatal consequences for GTIS's finances. In April, GTIS predicted a loss of $ 55 million for the first quarter of 2000 on sales of around 95 million. The postponement of a total of five major titles and a planned move to Los Angeles contributed to these losses. Reflections action racing game Driver was released in June and sold around a million times. In the same month GTIS announced that it had engaged Bear Stearns to look for a possible merger or buyer for the company. In July, just six months after the acquisition, One Zero Media was sold again for $ 5.2 million in cash. In October, the company laid off 35% of its employees, some 650 people, mostly in the distribution sector.

On November 16, 1999, the expanding French game publisher Infogrames Entertainment, SA (IESA) announced that it would acquire 70% of GT Interactive's shares for $ 135 million and the assumption of corporate debt of $ 75 million . By June 2000, Infogrames had invested $ 30 million in GT Interactive. Ten days later, GT Interactive published the last title under its own name, the first-person shooter Unreal Tournament , which sold over a million times. The business balance for 1999 was negative. Revenue fell 30% to $ 408 million and the company posted a net loss of $ 254 million. On December 16, 1999, the contract was signed with Infogrames. GT Interactive was renamed Infogrames, Inc. and thus became a subsidiary of Infogrames Entertainment, the brand name GT Interactive was given up. This gave the new European parent company access to GT Interactive's North American distribution network and in-house development studios. In return, Infogrames, Inc. took over the interest representation of Infogrames Entertainment in the US market. In February 2000, Infogrames founder and CEO Bruno Bonnell also became CEO and President of GT Interactive, replacing Thomas Heymann and John T. Baker.

Atari, Inc.

2003: Conversion to Atari

By taking over the computer games division of the Hasbro Group , Hasbro Interactive, Infogrames Entertainment also acquired Microprose and the trademark rights of the computer game pioneer Atari in 2001 . With MX Rider , the first game was released under the Atari label in the same year, further large-scale productions followed. Since Infogrames had little traction as a brand name in the USA, Infogrames Entertainment finally renamed all of its distribution companies to Atari in May 2003, and Infogrames, Inc. became Atari, Inc. As a result, Infogrames Entertainment only became a games publisher through its Atari subsidiaries Appearance. As the responsible company for North America, Atari, Inc. played a leading role, as Infogrames' focus increasingly shifted to the US market. At the time of the name change, Infogrames was generating around 65% of its sales there.

Atari, Inc. supervised, among other things, the license for the role-playing game rules Dungeons & Dragons acquired together with Hasbro Interactive . One of the first titles published for this purpose was Neverwinter Nights , developed by BioWare in 2002, which was finally taken over and published by Atari after legal disputes between the developer studio and its previous partner Interplay Entertainment . In 2006 a second part of Obsidian Entertainment followed . Other titles were Dungeons & Dragons: Heroes (2003), The Temple of Elemental Evil (2003), Forgotten Realms: Demon Stone (2004), Dungeons & Dragons: Dragonshard (2005), Dungeons & Dragons Online (2006), Dungeons & Dragons Tactics (2007), Dungeons & Dragons: Daggerdale (2011) and Dungeons & Dragons: Heroes of Neverwinter (2011). The company also released the companion games to the Matrix film trilogy , Enter the Matrix (2003) and The Matrix: Path of Neo (2005), developed by Shiny Entertainment .

On June 15, 2004, Microsoft acquired Ataris 50% stake in developer Oddworld Inhabitants. In December 2004, Infogrames founder Bruno Bonnell resigned as CEO of Atari, Inc., and was succeeded by James Caparro. However, he resigned after six months, whereupon Bonnell temporarily took over the management again. In July 2006, Reflections and the Driver license were sold to the French publisher Ubisoft. David Pierce took over the position of CEO and President in September 2006, but also left the company in November 2007.

2007: Exclusion from the stock exchange

Although under the control of Infogrames Entertainment, Atari, Inc. remained a publicly traded company. However, after the value of the share fell permanently below the required minimum value of one dollar over the years, a stock market exclusion process was initiated in 2006. Despite a stock consolidation in the amount of 10: 1, through which the stock value was raised from 0.57 to 5.70 US dollars, Atari was not able to meet the requirements of the stock exchange, so trading in Atari shares was stopped on September 5, 2007 officially discontinued. As a consequence, the parent company Infogrames Entertainment SA, which had a 51.4% stake at the time, also took over the remaining shares in Atari, Inc. for 1.68 per share, a total of around eleven million US dollars. The acquisition was completed in October 2008.

With a radical reorganization of the Board of Directors, parent company Infogrames attempted to get Atari, Inc. out of the loss area again. Under the direction of Jim Wilson - who was named new CEO and President of Atari, Inc. in March 2008 following the establishment of an interim CEO appointed by Infogrames in October 2007 - Tim Flynn and Jeff Reese moved focus to Atari, Inc. the online business. In December 2008, Infogrames Entertainment acquired Cryptic Studios , a developer specializing in MMOs, for $ 28 million and a further $ 48 million in success-related bonuses on the grounds of "setting up Atari for the 21st century" .

In May 2009 there were some more extensive changes in the entire group. Since the Atari name was better known and the company constellation was sometimes perceived as confusing by the public, the parent company Infogrames Entertainment SA also renamed itself Atari SA. After the parent company had sold its European subsidiary to Namco Bandai, Atari, Inc. remained as the largest unit of the entire group.

In May 2011, Cryptic Studios was sold to the Chinese company Perfect World for 35 million euros or 49.8 million US dollars in cash . The developer recorded losses of EUR 12.6 million in 2009/2010 and EUR 5.3 million in 2010/2011.

2013: bankruptcy

On January 20, 2013, Atari, Inc. announced Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection with the aim of freeing itself from its debt burden and breaking away from its parent company. The next day, parent company Atari SA also filed for bankruptcy. On February 5, 2013, Frédéric Chesnais, CFO and COO of Infogrames Entertainment from 2001 to 2004 and CEO of the subsidiary Atari Interactive from 2004 to 2007, joined Atari SA through his investment company Ker Ventures and was appointed the new CEO of the parent company.

Since the search for a suitable buyer was unsuccessful, Atari, Inc. announced that it would offer all remaining rights, including the Atari brand, in an auction in July 2013. However, no acceptable bid was made on the entire portfolio and the naming rights of Atari. Atari then filed a bankruptcy plan in court, which was approved in December 2013. Atari committed to repay a $ 3.8 million bankruptcy loan from Alden Global Capital as well as to repay its unsecured creditors in three tranches over two years totaling $ 1.75 million. Originally, the liabilities should have been around 10.3 million US dollars.

Atari was able to generate income through the sale of some licenses. Wargaming.net acquired the licenses for Master of Orion and Total Annihilation , Stardock the rights to Star Control , Rebellion for Battlezone (arcade game) and Moonbase Commander , Epic Gear for Backyard Sports and Tommo for Math Gran Prix , FattyBear's Birthday Surprise and the remaining brands of Humongous Entertainment (with the exception of Backyard Sports and Moonbase Commander ). The parent company Atari SA had already sold the brands Silver and Desperados (to Nordic Games ) and Outcast (to AMA Studios / Daoka).

At the end of March 2014, Atari announced that it would work with the mobile developer FlowPlay to develop a casino game for social networks, web browsers and mobile devices based on FlowPlays title Vegas World . This combines various casino games of chance with a virtual world with MMORPG elements. In the case of Atari Casino , these are said to be based on well-known Atari brands such as Missile Command , Centipede and Asteroids . In April 2014, the company launched Rollercoaster Tycoon 4 Mobile .

Published games

As GT Interactive

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  • Witches (Mac OS, PlayStation, Saturn, Nintendo 64)
  • Hordes (Windows)

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  • NAM (aka. Napalm ) (Windows)

O

P

Q

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  • XS (Windows)

Z

  • Z (PlayStation, Saturn, Windows)
  • ZPC (Mac OS, Windows)

As infogrames

As an Atari

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In-house developments

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ D. Kushner: Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture . Random House, 2003, ISBN 0-375-50524-5 .
  2. Now What Was That GT and Hasbro Were Saying About American Game Purchasers Being a Group of 17-28 Year Olds Only Interested in Bloody Games? ( English ) In: Just Adventure . Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
  3. a b 09/02/96 LOTS OF "DOOM" BUT NO GLOOM
  4. SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-K - For 3/31/99, On 6/29/99 - Table in Document 1 of 9 - 10-K - Gt Interactive Software Corp.
  5. GT INTERACTIVE REPORTS RECORD SECOND QUARTER REVENUES; Publishing Business Increases Nearly 300 Percent. - Free Online Library
  6. SEC Info - Atari Inc - POS AM - On 5/1/97
  7. Software tops retailers' sales growth list for '94 / '96 - Hot Growth Categories . In: Discount Store News . Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2013. 
  8. GT Interactive Co-founder Named CEO of The Auction Channel Ron Chaimowitz to Lead US Launch and Global Roll-out of The Auction Channel Programming . In: Business Wire , October 27, 1999. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2013. 
  9. a b c FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
  10. a b c d SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-Q - For 6/30/97
  11. a b c d e f g h i j SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-K - For 3/31/99
  12. GT Interactive Software signs id Software's highly anticipated 'QUAKE'; GT to Publish 'Quake' for all gaming hardware systems (English) . In: Business Wire , Jan. 11, 1996. Retrieved July 1, 2013. 
  13. GT Interactive and Target Stores enter distribution agreement; GT Interactive to Become Primary Software Vendor to More Than 600 Target Stores Nationwide. - Free Online Library
  14. ^ Scott Miller (December 1, 2003): Royal tease . Game Matters.
  15. Now What Was That GT and Hasbro Were Saying ( Memento from October 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  16. a b M. Sharon Baker: Humongous lives up to name with $ 76 million sale (English) . July 14, 1996. Retrieved July 1, 2013. 
  17. GT Interactive : GT Interactive enters agreement to acquire 50 percent of Offworld Entertainment; company to obtain exclusive global rights to Oddworld Inhabitants titles for all media. ( English ) In: Press release . The Free Library. September 17, 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2012.
  18. Warner and MTV: Music Television announce global multi-title publishing agreement (English) . In: Business Wire , June 18, 1997. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2013. 
  19. a b c d e SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-Q - For 12/31/99
  20. cavedog - GameSpot
  21. GT Interactive to Expand as World's Fastest Growing Interactive Entertainment Company Through Acquisition of MicroProse (English) . In: Business Wire , October 5, 1997. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2013. 
  22. $ 250 Million Stock Deal for Microprose (English) . In: The New York Times , October 6, 1997. Retrieved May 4, 2010. 
  23. Microprose and GT Interactive Call Off Merger ( English ) In: Computer Business Review . December 10, 1997. Archived from the original on November 27, 2007. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
  24. ^ Company News; Microprose And Gt Interactive End Merger Talks (English) . In: The New York Times , December 6, 1997. Retrieved May 4, 2010. 
  25. GT Interactive: Form Pos Am. Post-Effective amendments for registration statement ( English , PDF; 209 kB) SEC . May 1, 1997. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  26. GT loses pact (March 31, 1997), in: Crain's New York Business, Issue 13, Issue 13, p. 58
  27. ElecArts.PDF
  28. a b GT Interactive Hires Disney Honcho, Raises Cash ( English ) In: atnewyork.com . February 12, 1999. Archived from the original on December 20, 2002. Retrieved on May 24, 2012.
  29. Amazon.com: Game Design, Second Edition: Books: Bob Bates
  30. IGN editors: Oddworld Tries for Oscars ( English ) In: IGN . News Corp . October 15, 1998. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
  31. ^ GT Interactive : For First Time, Video Games And Film Converge As Software Developer Enters `Oddworld: Abe's Exoddus' For Academy Award Consideration. ( English ) In: Press release . The Free Library. October 13, 1998. Retrieved December 17, 2012.
  32. a b c d SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-Q - For 12/31/99, As Of 2/14/00 - Table in Document 1 of 2 - 10-Q - Gt Interactive Software Corp
  33. GT Interactive Predicts Q4 Loss, Cuts 650 Jobs (English) . In: Computergram International , April 12, 1999. Retrieved July 1, 2013. 
  34. a b c Infogrames Gets Control of GT Interactive (English) . In: The New York Times , November 16, 1999. Retrieved May 4, 2010. 
  35. Infogrames Unleashes Unreal Tournament: Game Of The Year Edition To The Mass Market This Fall . In: Market Wire . Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2013. 
  36. SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-K - For 3/31/99, On 6/29/99 - Table in Document 1 of 9 - 10-K - Gt Interactive Software Corp.
  37. Infogrames Entertainment Corporate Profile and Annual Report ( English , PDF) Infogrames Entertainment SA. P. 7. Fiscal Year 2005-2006. Archived from the original on November 27, 2007. Retrieved November 6, 2007.
  38. Jon Jordan: The Euro Vision: 'Bye-Bye Bruno' ( English ) In: Gamasutra . UBM, plc. April 11, 2007. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
  39. ^ GT Interactive: Bruno Bonnell Named Chairman and CEO of GT Interactive. ( English ) In: Official press release . The Free Library. February 10, 2000. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
  40. Infogrames: Infogrames Reinvents Atari With Shipment of MXrider, Splashdown For PlayStation 2 ( English ) In: Official press release . The Free Library. October 31, 2001. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
  41. Scott Steinberg: Bruno Bonnell Interview ( English ) In: 1UP . September 13, 2004. Archived from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
  42. Atari Inc .: 10-KT · For 3/31/03, Overview Subsection ( English ) Atari Inc .. March 31, 2003. Retrieved November 6, 2007.
  43. Infogrames: Infogrames Adopts Legendary Atari Brand in Worldwide Name Change ( English ) In: Official press release . The Free Library. May 7, 2003. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
  44. Tony Smith: Infogrames re-christens itself Atari ( English ) In: The Register . May 7, 2003. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  45. Gamestar editorial team: Neverwinter Nights by Infogrames . In: GameStar . IDG . January 25, 2002. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved on 2011-16-02.
  46. Juan Castro: Atari Dumps Oddworld Inhabitants ( English ) In: IGN . News Corp . June 15, 2004. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  47. Rob Fahey: Bonnell steps down from Atari CEO position ( English ) In: Gamesindustry.biz . Gamers Network . December 1, 2004. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  48. Michael Singer: Atari CEO steps down ( English ) In: CNET . CBS Interactive . June 2, 2005. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  49. Tim Surette: Ubisoft gets Driver's license ( English ) In: GameSpot . CBS Interactive . July 13, 2006. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  50. Tor Thorsen: New CEO, NASDAQ woes for Atari ( English ) In: GameSpot . CBS Interactive . September 5, 2006. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  51. Brendan Sinclair: Atari CEO resigns ( English ) In: GameSpot . CBS Interactive . November 13, 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  52. Emma Boyes, Brian Sinclair: Atari undergoes reverse stock split ( English ) In: GameSpot . CBS Interactive . January 4, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
  53. Leigh Alexander: Atari Officially Delisted From Nasdaq ( English ) In: Kotaku . Gawker Media . December 9, 2008. Archived from the original on April 22, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  54. a b Phil Elliott: Infogrames completes Atari Inc acquisition ( English ) In: Gamesindustry.biz . Gamers Network . October 11, 2008. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  55. Infogrames unveils changes to US Atari unit board ( English ) Reuters. October 8, 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  56. Mark Androvich: Atari Inc appoints Wilson CEO ( English ) In: Gamesindustry.biz . Gamers Network . March 31, 2008. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  57. David Jenkins: Atari Parent Acquires Cryptic Studios ( English ) In: Gamasutra . UBM plc . December 9, 2008. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  58. ^ Brian Ashcraft: Infogrames Is Now Atari ( English ) In: Kotaku . Gawker Media . May 29, 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  59. Jörg Benne: k & k: Infogrames is called Atari, Shellshock 2 indexed, Hearts of Iron 3 . In: Gamecaptain . Maiwald & Benne GbR. May 29, 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  60. Tim Ingham: Goodbye Atari, hello Namco ( English ) In: MCV UK . Intent Media . May 14, 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  61. Dean Takahashi: Atari sells Star Trek Online maker Cryptic Studios to Perfect World ( English ) In: VentureBeat . May 30, 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  62. Dean Takahashi: Atari sells Star Trek Online maker Cryptic Studios to Perfect World ( English ) In: VentureBeat . May 30, 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  63. Ben Fritz: Atari US operation files for bankruptcy ( English ) In: Los Angeles Times . January 20, 2013. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
  64. Ben Fritz: Atari files for bankruptcy in France, too ( English ) In: Los Angeles Times . January 21, 2013. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
  65. Loek Essers: Former Atari CEO bids to save his old gaming company from bankruptcy ( English ) In: Computerworld . IDG . February 5, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2014.
  66. Sinan Kubba: Atari Inc. seeks to generate $ 22M by auctioning assets in July ( English ) In: Joystiq . AOL . May 23, 2013. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  67. Alex Wawro: Atari's bankruptcy escape plan is court-approved ( English ) In: Gamasutra . UBM plc . December 13, 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  68. Kyle Hiliard: Wargaming And Stardock Entertainment Obtain Atari Franchises At Bankruptcy Auction ( English ) In: Game Informer . GameStop . July 21, 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  69. Andre Linken: Nordic Games - Publisher secures the rights to Desperados and Silver ( English ) In: GameStar . IDG . June 25, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
  70. Martin Gaston: Outcast IP returns to original developers ahead of franchise revival ( English ) In: GameSpot . CBS Interactive . July 2, 2013. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
  71. ^ Owen S. Good: Atari pushes into 'social casino' market with mobile developer ( English ) In: Polygon . Vox Media . March 30, 2014. Retrieved June 8, 2014.
  72. Eric Johnson: Atari to RollerCoaster Tycoon Fans: “We Are Not Deaf” ( English ) In: Re / Code . April 18, 2014. Retrieved June 8, 2014.