DB series scheme

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Class 103 electric locomotive with the old series scheme and DB logo of the Deutsche Bundesbahn until 1968
Class 110 electric locomotive - number 110 494-2

The series scheme of the Deutsche Bundesbahn largely corresponded to the series scheme of the Deutsche Reichsbahn until 1968 . A new scheme was introduced for accumulator and combustion railcars in 1948, as no practicable system was available for these vehicles .

On January 1, 1968 , a new series scheme was introduced as part of the transition from UIC trains to computer-readable vehicle numbers.

Until 1968

For the steam locomotives , electric locomotives , electric multiple units and diesel locomotives , the existing series scheme of the Deutsche Reichsbahn was continued without change. For railcars with combustion engines and accumulator railcars the problem arose that no adequate system was available. The RZA Munich therefore developed an analog system for these vehicles, which was introduced from 1948.

Accumulator railcar

The system introduced for the accumulator railcars with effect from September 15, 1948 had been developed by the RZA Munich as early as 1940.

As with the other vehicles, it consisted of the combination of identification letter + master number + serial number.

Code letters:

  • ETA - railcar
  • EBA - sidecar
  • ESA control car

Since all vehicles were direct current vehicles, they were given a leading "1" in the three-digit master number analogous to the other electric multiple units. Due to the few types of railcars, only a few groups were formed according to their intended use.

ETA 140 - 159 : express railcars ETA 160 - 179 : local railcars ETA 180 - 189 : railcars

For the ordinal number, vehicles with the 2nd and 3rd car class were given the number range from 001 and vehicles with the 3rd car class the number range from 101.

For two-part vehicles, the front and rear parts of the car were designated with "a" or "b".

Railcars with internal combustion engines

The system introduced in 1948 is structured analogously to the systems already used for the other vehicles. It consists of the combination of identification letter + master number + serial number.

The already unofficial combinations VT for railcars , VS for control cars , VM for intermediate cars and VB for sidecars were used as identification letters .

The following system was chosen for the master number:

  • VT 01 - VT 19 : Railcars with bogies for 120 km / h and more
  • VT 20 - VT 39 : Railcars with bogies for 100 km / h to 119 km / h
  • VT 40 - VT 59 : Railcars with bogies for 85 km / h to 99 km / h
  • VT 60 - VT 69 : Railcars with bogies for 65 km / h to 84 km / h
  • VT 70 - VT 79 : Railcars with steering axles for 65 km / h to 85 km / h
  • VT 80 - VT 89 : Railcars with steering axles for less than 65 km / h
  • VT 90 - VT 99 : Rail buses , light railcars, narrow-gauge railcars , special railcars

The first digit of the serial number (three or four digits) indicated the type of power transmission.

  • 0 to 4: electric power transmission
  • 5 to 8: hydraulic power transmission
  • 9: mechanical power transmission

From 1968

Basics

The system of computer-readable vehicle numbers is based on a seven-digit number that is used to designate all vehicles. It consists of a three- or four-digit serial number, a three-digit serial number and a check digit separated by a hyphen .

The check digit is calculated from the first six or seven digits according to the Luhn algorithm . For this purpose, the cross sum of the sequence of digits is formed, which results when the six digits are alternately multiplied by 1 and 2 (first digit with 1, second with 2, third again with 1, etc.), with a four-digit series number, first with 2 and then multiplied by 1, etc.

If the doubling of a digit results in a two-digit number, the digit result of the doubling for the subsequent calculation of the checksums is initially also broken down into digits. Example: Second digit of a three-digit series “6” → 6 × 2 → 12 → “1” + “2” → 3.

The cross sum is formed from all digits. The check digit is the difference between this checksum and the next multiple of ten. On the basis of this it can be recognized to a limited extent whether, for example, an error has occurred when writing down a vehicle number or when entering it into the computer. The algorithm used always recognizes when a single digit is incorrect. In most cases, swapping two adjacent digits also results in an incorrect check digit (but not if 0 and 9 are swapped).

Series , of which there were more than 1,000 vehicles, were grouped into consecutive series numbers.

The first digit of the three-digit or the second digit of the four-digit series number indicates the type of vehicle. This type of designation replaces the convention of the previous scheme of arranging the vehicle types using identification letters.

number Code letter (s) Vehicle type
0   Steam locomotives
1 E. Electric locomotives
2 V Internal combustion locomotives
3 K Small locomotives
4th ET electric railcars without accumulator railcars
5 ETA Accumulator railcar
6th VT Internal combustion engine railcars
7th   Rail buses and service vehicles
8th ES, ESA, EB Control cars, side cars and intermediate cars for electric railcars
9 VS, VB, VM Control and side and middle cars for internal combustion engines and rail buses

The code letters of the previous scheme were transferred to the first digit of the three-digit series number, but the code letters were often used incorrectly in correspondence and publications. If an E 110 is spoken of, i.e. an E 10/110 is probably meant, if a V 216 is spoken of, a V 160/216 is probably meant.

Steam locomotive tenders did not have their own vehicle number, but carried the number of the towing vehicle with which they were coupled.

As far as possible, control and trailer cars are given the series code numbers of the associated railcars (example: VT 11.5 becomes series 601 with intermediate car 901). If possible, variants of a vehicle are given the following series number (example: series 601 becomes series 602 when a gas turbine is installed ).

Examples

Meaning of 110 494-2
Class 110 electric locomotive - number 110 494-2
110 Class number
→ first digit ( 1) stands for electric locomotive
494 Serial number
2 Check digit

110 494-2: 

Nummer:        1  1  0   4  9  4
Multiplikator: 1  2  1   2  1  2
Ergebnis:      1  2  0   8  9  8
Quersumme:     1+ 2+ 0+  8+ 9+ 8 = 28
Differenz zum nächsthöheren Vielfachen von 10: (30-28=) 2
2 = Prüfziffer

101 108-9: 

Nummer:        1  0  1   1  0  8
Multiplikator: 1  2  1   2  1  2
Ergebnis:      1  0  1   2  0 16
Quersumme:     1+ 0+ 1+  2+ 0+1+6 = 11
Differenz zum nächsthöheren Vielfachen von 10: (20-11=) 9
9 = Prüfziffer

Steam locomotives

Steam locomotives were assigned zero as a class that was being phased out. The classification of the steam locomotive series, which had already been practiced according to the intended use, was continued. The following groups existed within the DB schema:

number Vehicle type
001-019 Fast train - locomotives
020-039 Passenger train locomotives
040-059 Freight train locomotives
060-079 Passenger and express train tank locomotives
080-096 Freight tender locomotives
097-098 Cogwheel and local train locomotives
099 Narrow gauge locomotives

The steam locomotive series were usually redrawn by placing a zero in front. Examples: Class 23 steam locomotive became class 023. If different unit types were previously grouped together in a class and separated from each other by separate serial number ranges, separate class numbers were assigned in the new scheme (examples: class 01 steam locomotive became class 001, class 01.10 became class 011 (coal-fired ) and 012 (oil-fired)). The 41 series was divided into the numbers 041 (coal-fired) and 042 (oil-fired). The 44 series got the numbers 044 (coal-fired) and 043 (oil-fired). The series 50 was divided into the serial numbers 050 to 053. The thousand digits were calculated accordingly in the serial numbers (example: 50 028 became 050 028-0, 50 2428 became 052 428-0). In the case of regional railway types, the series numbers were also transferred directly in such cases. The thousands in the serial numbers were omitted for all series. A series 38.40 became a series 038. In general, the first zero was not included in the linguistic usage. The 011 and 012 series are exceptions, however.

Electric locomotives

Electric locomotives were rated as the most important type of traction, so they were assigned the number one. Electric locomotives were usually transferred by placing a 1 in front of the previous code letter "E". For example, standard electric locomotives of the E 40 series were redrawn as 140, the E 10 series with 110 and the E 10.12 series with 112. Within the DB schema there was the following rough group classification:

number Vehicle type
101-119 Fast train - locomotives
120-149 Multipurpose locomotives
150-159 Freight train locomotives
160-169 Shunting locomotives
170-179 Multipurpose locomotives
180-189 Multi-system locomotives
190-199 Freight train locomotives

Diesel locomotives

In the old scheme, the series number of diesel vehicles was proportional to the projected engine power, so that two and three-digit series numbers were available. The two-digit numbers were again transferred directly (examples: the V 60 series became the 260 series , the V80 series became the 280 series ), with the three-digit numbers the last digit of the series number was deleted when the series number was changed (example: the V 160 series became the 216 series ). Here, too, variants were grouped into successive series numbers (examples: series V 200.0 became series 220, series V200.1 became series 221; the V 160 family, consisting of V 160, V 160 long / V 160.3 / V 168, V 162, V 164 and V 169 were divided into the numbers 216, 215, 217, 218/210 and 219.) The two remaining narrow-gauge locomotives of the V 29 series were integrated into the 299 series.

Small locomotives

The small locomotives received the code number "3" in the new numbering plan. The second digit indicates the performance class (as of 1955). The third digit differentiates between the maximum speed, type of brake and type of drive (chain or cardan shaft drive). Small locomotives of the former type Ka received the new series designation 381 (pre-war types) and 382 (newer types). The existing narrow-gauge small locomotives of the Inselbahn Wangerooge became the class 329. In 1987 the diesel locomotives of the DB class 260/261 were assigned to the small locomotives and were given the class designation 360/361.

Changes from January 1, 1992 (common DR and DB type series scheme)

As part of the unification of the two German state railways, the Deutsche Bundesbahn and Deutsche Reichsbahn , it was necessary to create a uniform system. Due to the number of vehicles to be redrawn and the better systematics of the DB system, it was decided to continue the DB scheme. As part of the conversion process, there were also some minor adjustments to the system.

  • All DR series were given a new series number; however, the previous serial numbers of the locomotives were largely retained.
  • Museum vehicles were given a series designation that differed from the traditional company number, but was only written in the driver's cab and in the IT accounting. The first digit of the series corresponded to the type of traction, while the second and third digits were 88 . Museum steam locomotives thus received the EDP series 088 and museum electric locomotives the 188, etc. In the case of the serial number, an attempt was made to adapt this to the previous series. The number that was previously worn is always written on the outside.
  • Side and middle cars have the serial numbers 001 to 599 and control cars have the serial numbers 601 to 999.
  • Narrow gauge steam locomotives of the DR were incorporated into the 099 series .
  • Narrow gauge diesel locomotives of the DR were put into the class 299 .
  • Narrow-gauge small locomotives were re-classified in the 399 series. This also affected some vehicles on the Wangeroog Island Railway .
  • All narrow-gauge traction vehicles were given new serial numbers, which did not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the previous operating number. The first digit of the serial number is used to differentiate the track width (1 = 1000 mm, 6 = 600 mm, 7 = 750 mm, 9 = 900 mm).

See also: Redrawing plan for narrow-gauge traction vehicles 1992

literature

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  • Wolfgang Valtin: German Locomotive Archive: Directory of all locomotives and railcars. Volume 1. transpress, Berlin 1992
  • model railroaders. 11/91 + 12/91: Drafting plan DR → DB

Web links