Kohlberg first attracted international attention at the Svenska Skidspelen in 1978. After good performances there, he joined the Swedish national team. At the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , Kohlberg started his first major international tournament. After finishing 17th in the individual over 15 km, he finished 13th over 30 km. With the season he reached fifth place.
On January 9, 1982 he made his debut in the cross-country skiing world cup and won his first world cup points in Reit im Winkl over 15 km in tenth place. A week later he was third in Le Brassus for the first and only time in his career on the podium in a World Cup race. At the end of the season he was sixth again in Štrbské Pleso and finished his first and most successful World Cup season in 16th place overall. Shortly before, he had won his first and only Swedish championship title over 30 km. He also started at the Nordic World Ski Championships in Oslo in 1982 . He ended up fifth in the relay race with the team.
At the Olympic Winter Games in Sarajevo in 1984 , he finished 19th in the 15 km individual run. In the relay race over 4 × 10 km he won the gold medal with Thomas Wassberg , Jan Ottosson and Gunde Svan . As a result, Kohlberg struggled with back problems and a herniated disc . In March 1987 he was used again in the World Cup. After a poor 15th place in Falun , he was able to convince again two weeks later in Oslo and narrowly missed the podium in fourth.
After his active career, he worked for some time as a service employee in the ski industry. Later he took a job in a sawmill in Lässerud .