Brzeźnica (Srokowo)

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Brzeźnica
Brzeźnica does not have a coat of arms
Brzeźnica (Poland)
Brzeźnica
Brzeźnica
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Kętrzyn
Gmina : Srokovo
Geographic location : 54 ° 19 '  N , 21 ° 29'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 19 '8 "  N , 21 ° 29' 5"  E
Residents :
Postal code : 11-420
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NKE
Economy and Transport
Street : Łęknica → Brzeźnica
Bajory Wielkie → Brzeźnica
Rail route : no rail connection
Next international airport : Danzig



Brzeźnica ( German  Birkenfeld ) is a village in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship . It belongs to the Gmina Srokowo (rural community Drengfurth ) in the powiat Kętrzyński ( Rastenburg district ).

Geographical location

Brzeźnica is located on the Masurian Canal ( Kanał Mazurski in Polish ) in the northern center of the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship , directly on the Polish-Russian state border , 13 kilometers southeast of the former district town of Gerdauen (today Schelesnodoroschny in Russian ) and 27 kilometers north of today's district metropolis Kętrzyn ( German Rastenburg ).  

Entrance to Brzeźnica
View of Brzeźnica
Bridge over the Masurian Canal on the road to Kałki (Sechserben)
The Polish-Russian state border near Brzeźnica

history

Local history

Birkenfeld , before 1785 Berkenfeld , was founded before 1440. The Grand Master of the Order Heinrich Reffle von Richtenberg signed Birkenfeld in 1471 to the knight Georg I von Schlieben , Albrecht II von Schlieben († 1656) founded the family seat of the Schlieben-Birkenfeld line here .

Birkenfeld remained in the hands of the Schlieben family until the 19th century. In 1837 it was bought by Ferdinand Totenhoefer (1813-1880), the son of the domain leaseholder on wall paints ( today Russian Swerewo ) . Karl Julius Totenhoefer (1864–1929) ordered the division of his property, which consisted of Korellen (no longer existent), Sechserben ( Polish : Kałki ) and Birkenfeld. The divorced wife of Martin Koch (1886–1955), Erna Koch née Totenhoefer , was the last German owner of Birkenfeld until 1945.

On April 9, 1874 Birkenfeld office Village was and thus its name to an administrative district that existed until 1945 and the county Gerdauen in the administrative district of Kaliningrad in the Prussian province of East Prussia belonged.

On April 14, 1897, the Sechserben estate (in Polish : Kałki ) was formed with the Adolfshof ( Goszczewo ) and Langenfeld (no longer existent) estate in the Birkenfeld estate, the Sechserben estate. On September 30, 1928, the two estate districts of Birkenfeld and Sechserben merged to form the new rural community of Birkenfeld.

In 1945 all of southern East Prussia was transferred to Poland as a result of the war . The northern part of the village of Birkenfeld was assigned to northern East Prussia and became part of the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast (Koenigsberg area (Prussia)), although it was no longer inhabited . "Brzeźnica" was the Polish form of the name for Birkenfeld. Today the village belongs to the rural community Srokowo (Drengfurth) in the powiat Kętrzyński ( Rastenburg district ), until 1998 the Olsztyn Voivodeship , since then the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .

Population numbers

year number
1820 170
1885 595
1905 343
1910 326
1933 608
1939 543

District of Birkenfeld (1874–1945)

When the district of Birkenfeld was established in 1874, three villages were incorporated:

German name Name after 1945 / state Remarks
Birch field Brzeźnica / PL
Langenfeld (no name known) / PL 1897 incorporated into the Sixserben
Sawadden
1938 to 1946: Bruchort 		Sawidowo / RUS
from 1897:
six heirs 		Kałki / PL 1928 incorporated into Birkenfeld

On January 1, 1945 only the places Birkenfeld and Sechserben belonged to the district of Birkenfeld.

Good Birkenfeld

The former Birkenfeld manor in Brzeźnica
In the estate park

After acquiring the Birkenfeld estate in 1837, Julius Ferdiannd Totenhoefer (1813–1880) had his new manor house built in the late classicist style or an existing manor house converted accordingly. During the First World War on September 20, 1914, this house was burned down, but was soon rebuilt in a simplified manner. The weather vane affixed to the roof ridge with the year 1922 came from the cowshed roof in Sechserben.

The Birkenfeld estate with a size of almost 1,300 hectares was located on the road to Nordenburg (Russian: Krylowo ) until 1945 . Today it is located directly on the Polish border with the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast , which runs right through the estate park. After 1945 a Polish production cooperative took over the Birkenfeld goods, and the manor house was used as an administration building. The former estate has been in private ownership since 1996.

church

Until 1945 Birkenfeld was in the Protestant Church in North Castle (Russian today Krylowo ) in Kirchenkreis Gerdauen the ecclesiastical province of East Prussia in the Prussian Union of churches and the Catholic Church in Insterburg (Russian today Tschernjachowsk ) in the Dean's Office Tilsit in diocese of Warmia eingepfarrt.

Today Brzęznica is both a Catholic and Protestant branch: the Roman Catholic parish Srokowo in the deanery Kętrzyn II (Rastenburg Northeast) in the current Archdiocese of Warmia and the Protestant parish Kętrzyn in the diocese of Masuria of the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland .

traffic

Brzeźnica is located on a side street that leads from Łęknica (Löcknick) into the village - and before 1945 into what is now the Russian city of Nordenburg, which is cut off by the border . From the south, a side street from Bajory Wielkie (Groß Bajoren , 1938 to 1945 Großblankenfelde) ends in Brzeźnica. There is no connection to rail traffic .

Born in the place

Web links

Commons : Brzeźnica, Gmina Srokowo  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 97
  2. ^ Dietrich Lange, Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Birkenfeld
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Brzeźnica - Birkenfeld at ostpreussen.net
  4. ↑ a b c Rolf Jehke, Birkenfeld district
  5. ↑ a b Birkenfeld (district of Gerdauen) at GenWiki