Demography of Vienna
1,840,226 people lived in Vienna in the first quarter of 2016.
The population is growing and is expected to exceed the two million mark again in 2022, after 1910.
Population development
(For example change in the population according to number and age structure, resulting from the initial population, age and gender structure of a population as well as population movements and their changes)
Population survey
| Resident population current territorial status |
|
|---|---|
| year | Residents |
| 1830 | 401.200 |
| 1840 | 469,400 |
| 1850 | 551,300 |
| 1857 | 683,000 |
| 1869 | 900.998 |
| 1880 | 1,162,591 |
| 1890 | 1.430.213 |
| 1900 | 1,769,137 |
| 1910 | 2,083,630 |
| 1916 | 2,239,000 |
| 1923 | 1,918,720 |
| 1934 | 1,935,881 |
| 1939 | 1,770,938 |
| 1951 | 1,616,125 |
| 1961 | 1,627,566 |
| 1971 | 1,619,885 |
| 1981 | 1,531,346 |
| 1991 | 1,539,848 |
| 2001 | 1,550,123 |
| 2002 | 1,571,123 |
| 2003 | 1,592,846 |
| 2004 | 1,610,410 |
| 2005 | 1,632,569 |
| 2006 | 1,652,449 |
| 2007 | 1,661,246 |
| 2008 | 1,671,221 |
| 2009 | 1,680,135 |
| 2010 | 1,689,995 |
| 2011 | 1,702,855 |
| 2012 | 1,717,084 |
| 2013 | 1,741,246 |
| 2014 | 1,766,746 |
| 2015 | 1,797,337 |
| 2016 | 1,840,226 |
| 2017 | 1,867,582 |
| 2018 | 1,888,776 |
| 2019 | 1,897,491 |
Before the first count in 1754, research only gives estimates for the population of Vienna and its suburbs: around 1600 there were around 29,000; after the emperor's residence was moved from Prague back to Vienna, the population rose rapidly: until the mid-17th century. Century to 50,000, 1670/80 there were around 80,000, 1700 about 113,000 inhabitants. The population figures in the adjacent table are based on the information provided by the Austrian statistical office and have been converted to the current territorial status. In 1794/1795, when counting the civil population present , which was practiced throughout Austria until 1857, separate figures were determined for Vienna for the first time. Previously, as in 1810 and 1821, the population of Vienna was assigned to the state of Lower Austria . Population figures for Vienna are continuously available from 1830 onwards. From 1869 censuses were held across Austria at ten-year intervals, although the civilian population still present was counted until 1923; the resident population only from 1934 to 1981. The figures from 1982 to 2001 show the annual average population, although these figures were only determined retrospectively in 2002. Since 2002, main residences have been used to determine the population on the basis of the central register of residents.
Population history
Before 1918
Vienna experienced a brisk population influx from the end of the 18th century, but the number of immigrants multiplied from the middle of the 19th century when Vienna received around 218,000 new residents between 1857 and 1869 alone. In the next eleven years, the population grew by over 261,000 people, of which around a third was due to the birth surplus and two thirds to immigration. From 1880 to 1890, a similar number of new residents were added (267,000), with the ratio between immigration and birth surplus (40%) gradually leveling out. In the next ten years, from 1890 to 1900, the population rose by as much as 339,000 people. Almost 49% of this was now due to the birth surplus. The reasons for this were the incipient industrialization and the important position of Vienna as the imperial city (capital) of the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary . 22% of the immigrants came from Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia , 15% each from Lower Austria and abroad, and only 4% from the remaining Austrian federal states. The rest was distributed among the other crown lands of the monarchy. Around 2.1 million people populated Vienna shortly before the outbreak of the First World War , Vienna was the seventh largest city in the world. With the dissolution of the Habsburg Empire , Vienna also lost its importance for immigrants. The war cost tens of thousands of soldiers from Vienna their lives. Thousands of people who had once immigrated returned to their home countries or former crown lands.
1918-1945
After the First World War, Vienna had around 200,000 fewer inhabitants than before. In the interwar years, around 104,000 people immigrated to the city; the birth deficit of 87,000 people between 1923 and 1934 was made up. In 1934 Vienna already had 1,935,881 inhabitants again. The subsequent decline in population was more than compensated for by the establishment of Greater Vienna in National Socialist Germany in 1938. However, 140,000 Jewish Viennese had to or were able to leave the country, a further 60,000 were murdered during the war ( persecution of Jews , deportations ). Within a short time nothing was left of the once flourishing Jewish life, especially in the second district of Vienna, Leopoldstadt . The terror model developed by Adolf Eichmann in Vienna was adopted in the "Altreich".
Since 1945
After the end of the war, Vienna's population had dropped to 1,616,125. Many Viennese had died as soldiers or did not return from captivity. One fifth of the city was destroyed and occupied by Allied soldiers. The population remained almost constant until the beginning of the 1970s, but then fell to 1,484,885 people by 1987, the lowest population since 1890; since then the population has increased again. The reason for this development is less the low birth surplus in Vienna than immigration, especially of foreign nationals. At the beginning of the 1990s, in the course of the Balkan wars , many refugees from the former Yugoslavia were taken in permanently and from the mid-1990s the number of immigrant Turkish citizens rose, largely due to family reunification . From 1987 to 1994, 61,000 people immigrated to the city. After the population had decreased slightly by 5,000 to 6,000 from 1994 to 1998, the number of residents increased by around 85,000 from 1998 to the end of 2005.
The years as the capital of a multi-ethnic state have left a lasting mark on Vienna. The city is still a melting pot of people of different origins, cultures and religions. However, the descendants of the former immigrants are now assimilated and only the Slavic or Hungarian surnames have been preserved. Names such as Nowak, Dolezal, Navratil, Wewerka etc. have long been perceived as typically Viennese along with local German names such as Hofbauer, Maier, Haider etc. The bearers of the name now belong to the original Viennese , the long-established residents of the city who still use the Viennese dialect , which is made up of many Old and Middle High German and Yiddish terms, but is used and understood less and less by the younger generations. In addition to the original Viennese dialect, an upscale Viennese dialect has also been spoken increasingly since the end of the 20th century .
At the beginning of 2009, approx. 1.69 million people. According to the last census in 2001, there were 1.55 million Viennese, of which 23.63% were not born in Austria. 19.6% of the resident population in Vienna are not Austrian citizens . Around 48,000 people of Turkish origin and around 120,000 people from the former Yugoslav countries of Croatia , Bosnia-Herzegovina , Serbia and Slovenia make up by far the largest ethnic groups (50%) among the foreign population in Vienna, both by citizenship and by country of birth. Other regions of origin are the former Eastern Bloc countries, especially Poland (approx. 25,000), the Czech Republic (approx. 21,000), Hungary (approx. 12,000) and Romania (approx. 10,000). In addition, around 26,000 Germans, 4,000 Italians, 3,000 US Americans, 2,500 Swiss citizens and around 12,000 people from other EU countries live in Vienna.
Population structure
language
Various language groups are recognized as autochthonous language groups in Vienna. These are the Czech-speaking Viennese , the Hungarian-speaking, the Slovak-speaking and the Sinti and Roma . The legal status as a separate language group is regulated in a similar way to that in Burgenland .
nationality
religion
|
Religions in Vienna 1910–1934 (share in%) according to the Statistical Yearbook of the City of Vienna from 1937, religious names according to the original |
||||||||||
| year | Ges.-Bev. | Roman Catholic | gr.- u. poor-cath. | possibly AB | possibly HB | Altkath. | otherwise. christl. | Mosaic | Other | Without confession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1910 | 2,031,498 | 1,763,471 (86.8%) | 3,723 (0.2%) | 64,709 (3.2%) | 11,122 (0.5%) | 1,959 (0.1%) | 5,572 (0.3%) | 175,294 (8.6%) | 806 (<0.1%) | 4,765 (0.2%) |
| 1923 | 1,865,780 | 1,518,330 (81.4%) | 2,402 (0.1%) | 79,843 (4.3%) | 8,665 (0.5%) | 14,911 (0.8%) | 5,955 (0.3%) | 201,513 (10.8%) | 1,074 (0.1%) | 33,087 (1.8%) |
| 1934 | 1,874,130 | 1,475,744 (78.7%) | 2,395 (0.1%) | 99,792 (5.3%) | 10,629 (0.6%) | 27,786 (1.5%) | 4,277 (0.2%) | 176,034 (9.4%) | 1,567 (0.1%) | 75,906 (4.1%) |
_-_Moschee,_Hauptportal.JPG)
The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna ; Archbishop is Cardinal Christoph Schönborn . The Roman Catholic community is the largest religious community in Vienna, but is steadily losing members. Today only 49% belong to the Roman Catholic Church, in 1961 it was 82%. 25.6% of the Viennese population do not belong to any religious community, they are non-denominational . The second largest religious community is the Islamic Religious Community , whose Austria boss, Anas Schakfeh , is also based in Vienna. In the past few decades, many immigrants with Islamic faith came to Vienna; Islam has been a recognized religious denomination in Austria since 1912 (at that time the Muslim Bosnians belonged to Austria-Hungarians). The third largest religious community in Vienna are the Orthodox Churches . Vienna is the seat of the Lutheran Evangelical Church AB in Austria with Bishop Michael Bünker and the Reformed Evangelical Church HB in Austria with regional superintendent Thomas Hennefeld . The Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien is headed by Ariel Muzicant as President and Paul Chaim Eisenberg as Grand Rabbi. Until 1938 one of the largest Jewish communities in Europe, today it has around 7,000 members. See also: Jewish life in Vienna
According to the 1991 and 2001 censuses, the religious affiliation of the resident population in Vienna is made up as follows:
| 1991 | 2001 | |||
| Total population | 1,539,848 | 1,550,123 | ||
| Roman Catholic : | 889.985 | 57.8% | 762.089 | 49.2% |
| orthodox : | 93.294 | 6.0% | ||
| Protestant : | 82,414 | 5.4% | 72,492 | 4.7% |
| Old Catholic : | 9,918 | 0.6% | 7.134 | 0.5% |
| other Christian communities: | 12,405 | 0.6% | ||
| - including Jehovah's Witnesses : | 4,000 | 0.3% | ||
| islamic : | 62,305 | 4.0% | 121,149 | 7.8% |
| jewish : | 6,554 | 0.5% | 6,988 | 0.5% |
| other non-Christian communities: | 10,317 | 0.4% | ||
| - including Buddhist : | 4,700 | 0.3% | ||
| without confession: | 304,562 | 19.8% | 397,596 | 25.6% |
| no information: | 100,673 | 6.5% | 65,705 | 4.2% |
Population movement
Immigration
When industrialization began in Vienna in the 1840s and 1850s , strong immigration from Bohemia and Moravia began. There was always some immigration from Hungary as well. With the state constitution of 1867, citizens of all religions were guaranteed the same rights: Jewish old Austrians, especially from the Crown Land of Galicia , who had not enjoyed freedom of settlement up to then, increasingly moved to Vienna. This immigration peaked when Russia temporarily conquered parts of Galicia during World War I. By 1918, the Czech population in Vienna , like the population of the Jewish religion, had exceeded 200,000. Around 1900, over 25% of Viennese were born in what is now the Czech Republic , only 4% came from the Alpine countries of the monarchy, a fact that further intensified the differences between Vienna and the federal states in the First Republic .
Vienna has only experienced renewed immigration since the 1990s, mainly due to renewed immigration from abroad - above all from former Yugoslavia and Turkey, as well as immigration of young people, often students, from other federal states. Immigration from abroad has diversified more strongly since the turn of the millennium. There are only a few new refugees from the Balkans and Turkey, but more refugees and emigrants from African countries, Russia and the Caucasus region.
Emigration
After the end of the monarchy, emigration dominated and from the 1930s onwards, 130–140,000 Jews were forced to flee and the remaining 60–70,000 were murdered.
Several settlement trends have been noticeable in the Vienna agglomeration since the 1950s . On the one hand, almost the entire region was plagued by large birth deficits, on the other hand, large influx of people from outside Vienna was able to protect Vienna and its surrounding communities from a decline in most cases. In many suburbs, a real building boom by immigrants was already noticeable. With the development of large industrial areas south of Vienna, the influx was further stimulated, but also from Vienna itself more and more people have moved to the green areas on the outskirts of Vienna, but also increasingly to the surrounding settlements. A so-called “ bacon belt ” developed around the federal capital, which attracts a continuously increasing number of people from other parts of the federal state of Lower Austria , such as the declining districts of Waidhofen an der Thaya , Zwettl and Gmünd , and partly also from Vienna withdraws.
The reason is on the one hand the difficult job situation in the northern districts of Lower Austria and on the other hand the need of many people, especially families, to have a house or an apartment in a quiet green area. This trend has intensified in many places since the 1980s , favored by ever shorter commute times on road and rail.
So far, migration in the Vienna area has essentially been limited to the municipalities along major traffic axes such as the West and South Railway and the West (A1), South (A2), East (A4) and Danube bank motorway (A22) motorways . In future, with better development of the north and east of Vienna through iron and motorway projects - the northern motorway (A5) is due to open in 2009 - there will also be more densely populated areas there. The statistical office of the Lower Austrian provincial government forecasts an increase of 5% ( Schwechat , Klosterneuburg , Gerasdorf , Purkersdorf ), 4.9% ( Tulln , Baden ) or 5.5% ( Korneuburg ) for numerous municipalities in the Vienna-Umgebung district between 2005 and 2010 ). Stronger growth is also expected for the districts of Gänserndorf , Mistelbach and Hollabrunn located on the future northern motorway .
As a result of these settlement movements over the past few decades, which are still going on, major problems arose at almost all of Vienna's city entrances when it came to managing commuter traffic, as many of the people who moved to the suburbs have a job in Vienna despite the high number of jobs in the industrial area south of Vienna ( see also the column “Pendl. to Vienna” in the table below) .
The population development in the Viennese surrounding communities in the last few decades was mostly characterized by stagnating or declining birth deficits, as well as continuous or increasing immigration rates. After the end of the Second World War, the number of inhabitants began to rise rapidly and continuously in most of Vienna's suburbs. Only in a few, for example Schwechat, did the high birth deficit cause the population to stagnate or only slow growth until the 1970s and 80s.
The following table compares the population growth since 1951 with that since 1981. The migration balance and the birth balance are also given for the period from 1981 to 2001. This shows that a large part of the population growth has taken place in many municipalities since the 1980s, and is due solely to the high level of immigration, some of which comes from Vienna. For example, the lower growth rate from 1951 to 2001 shows that Klosterneuburg experienced a population decline from 1951 to 1981 and has only increased in population since 1981, or that Maria Enzersdorf has twice as many inhabitants compared to 1951, but has again lost 10% of the population since 1981, which is a rare exception for Vienna's surrounding communities.
It is also noticeable that Klosterneuburg, Mödling - but also Pressbaum - have a very high birth deficit compared to their own population and other municipalities, which can indicate a higher average age with few young families. Wiener Neudorf is a special exception in comparison to other surrounding municipalities. This was the only municipality in the vicinity of Vienna to record a high birth surplus and emigration at the same time between 1981 and 2001. In addition, at 38.8%, the second lowest proportion of the employed in Wiener Neudorf commutes to work in Vienna, as can be seen in the column on the far right. In general, the proportion of people commuting to Vienna is lower in the southern suburbs (e.g. Brunn am Gebirge, Wiener Neudorf) than in the western and northern (e.g. Gerasdorf, Purkersdorf), which is of course due to the numerous jobs south of Vienna lies.
|
Population growth, migration and birth rate in the suburbs of Vienna: Ranking according to population growth since 1981 |
|||||||
| Distance in km |
local community | Population add. 1981 to 2001 |
Bev. 2001 |
Population add. 1951 to 2001 |
Wandr.bil. since 1981 |
Geb.bil. since 1981 |
Pendl. n. Vienna |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30.0 | Gänserndorf | + 61% | 7,928 | +130% | +3,031 | −19 | 50.7% |
| 12.0 | Gerasdorf | +56% | 8,231 | + 137% | + 3,068 | −116 | 73.0% |
| 14.5 | Biedermannsdorf | +56% | 2,904 | + 153% | +698 | +347 | 47.1% |
| 14.5 | Purkersdorf | + 51% | 7,762 | + 48% | +2,359 | +256 | 64.9% |
| 15.5 | Gablitz | + 48% | 4,393 | + 113% | +1,722 | −291 | 64.8% |
| 15.5 | Laxenburg | + 47% | 2,736 | + 134% | +1,019 | −144 | 43.3% |
| 18.0 | Breitenfurt near Vienna | + 46% | 5,323 | + 228% | +1,961 | −279 | 61.9% |
| 14.5 | Groß-Enzersdorf | + 42% | 8,128 | + 66% | +2,170 | +227 | 63.1% |
| 24.5 | Strasshof on the northern line | + 41% | 6,993 | + 59% | +2,136 | −116 | 65.1% |
| 17.5 | Guntramsdorf | + 38% | 8,421 | + 55% | +2,325 | +6 | 35.9% |
| 18.0 | Deutsch-Wagram | + 36% | 6,808 | + 70% | +1,646 | +141 | 62.8% |
| 12.5 | Bisamberg | + 36% | 4,001 | + 124% | +1,029 | +38 | 58.6% |
| 11.0 | Langenzersdorf | + 35% | 7,261 | + 54% | +2,031 | −158 | 68.1% |
| 10.0 | Vösendorf | + 32% | 4,899 | + 44% | +1,454 | −258 | 54.6% |
| 23.0 | Wolkersdorf | + 22% | 6,993 | + 35% | +1,319 | −190 | 51.2% |
| 14.5 | Korneuburg | + 21% | 11,032 | + 40% | +2,188 | −268 | 47.8% |
| 21.0 | Press tree | + 19% | 5,834 | + 33% | +1,712 | −777 | 57.4% |
| 14.5 | Brunn am Gebirge | + 18% | 9,422 | + 60% | +1,714 | −267 | 48.1% |
| 16.5 | Give cold people | + 17% | 2,998 | +130% | +367 | +79 | 57.9% |
| 14.5 | Himberg | + 9% | 5,423 | + 40% | +1,048 | −606 | 44.2% |
| 11.5 | Klosterneuburg | + 8% | 24,797 | + 6% | +5,955 | −4.133 | 57.9% |
| 15.5 | Mödling | + 6% | 20,405 | + 18% | +3,337 | −2,208 | 40.5% |
| 15.0 | Wiener Neudorf | + 6% | 8,428 | +217% | −164 | +659 | 38.8% |
| 13.0 | Perchtoldsdorf | + 4% | 13,998 | + 26% | +1,538 | −991 | 57.5% |
| 11.0 | Schwechat | + 3% | 15,456 | + 15% | +880 | −428 | 46.2% |
| 17.5 | Hinterbrühl | +1% | 4,020 | + 25% | +451 | −420 | 42.2% |
| 15.0 | Maria Enzersdorf | −10% | 8,202 | + 103% | −610 | −336 | 46.6% |
Legend: Dist. In km = linear distance to the center of Vienna in km, population-population. = Population growth, Geb.bil. = Birth balance, Wandr.bil. = Migration balance; Pendl. = Share of people commuting to Vienna in relation to the total number of employed
Population distribution
Today Vienna is divided into 23 districts. The historic old town, now part of the 1st district, was still congruent with the city area in the revolutionary year of 1848. Under Emperor Franz Joseph there were three major city expansions in 1850, 1890/1892 and 1904. In 1850 the suburbs, the communities within the line wall, were included in the City of Vienna as 2nd to 8th (since the original 4th district was divided into two districts: 9th). According to a resolution of 1890, which came into force on January 1, 1892, the outlying districts on the western bank of the Danube, then called suburbs, some of which were already smaller towns themselves, were incorporated; Vienna now had 19 districts. In 1900 the northern part of the 2nd district became the 20th district. In the third major expansion, in 1904, large areas on the eastern bank of the Danube around Floridsdorf and Kagran were incorporated into the 21st district. The new city limits were in effect until 1938.
Vienna experienced a quadrupling of its urban area at the time of National Socialism , when Greater Vienna was created. This decision was largely reversed in 1946 (which came into force in 1954); Stammersdorf, Eßling, Unterlaa, Oberlaa, the villages of today's 23rd district ( Liesing ), the Lainzer Tiergarten and Hadersdorf-Weidlingau remained near Vienna. The areas on the left bank were divided between the 21st and 22nd districts. The city limits have remained unchanged since 1954.
In many districts, the names of the formerly independent villages are still preserved for individual parts of the city, some of which still exist today as Grätzl . However, many earlier villages and settlements from earlier epochs no longer exist today (see list of deserted areas in Vienna ). When determining the district boundaries, attempts were made to set them prominently along important roads or rivers, although this divided some former communities. Inner districts 1 and 3 to 9 are delimited from the outer districts by the belt . Danube Canal and Danube separate districts 2 and 20 from all others; Districts 21 and 22 are the only ones on the left bank of the Danube. The Vienna River is also always the district boundary during its entire course through the city.
See also
- Demography of Austria
- List of Viennese personalities
- List of honorary citizens of Vienna
- Immigrant Fund
Web links
- Statistical Yearbook Austria 2014: Chapter Population PDF file
- Demographic forecasts from Statistics Austria
Individual evidence
- ↑ www.statistik.at , Statistics Austria, accessed on February 7, 2017
- ↑ STATISTICS AUSTRIA: Demographic forecasts. Retrieved February 23, 2017 .
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook 2014. Chapter 2: Population. (pdf) Statistics Austria, 2014, accessed on February 7, 2017 .
- ↑ Population at the beginning of the quarter 2002-2019 by federal state. Statistics Austria, 2019, accessed on November 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Sylvia Hahn: Migration - Work - Gender. Labor migration in Central Europe from the 17th to the beginning of the 20th century. V&R Unipress, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-89971-451-7 , p. 161.
- ↑ Annemarie Steidl: Off to Vienna! The mobility of Central European handicrafts in the 18th and 19th centuries using the example of the capital and residence city of Vienna . Verlag für Geschichte und Politik, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-7028-0403-X , pp. 50 and 74. Digitized on Google Book Search
- ↑ The Danube Region. Volume 13, Research Institute for Issues relating to the Danube Region, Vienna 1968, p. 22.
- ↑ Manuela Angerer: Aging in a foreign country - the life situation and life planning of older migrant workers in Upper Austria. (No longer available online.) In: ÖIF dossier N ° 19. Austrian Integration Fund , July 2011, archived from the original on April 7, 2014 ; Retrieved April 2, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ 6. Creed of the population in 1910, 1923 and 1934. Results of the censuses. 1910 and 1923 resident population, 1934 resident population. Statistical Yearbook of the City of Vienna, 1937, p. 11; The total population of 1910 is not reached by adding the individual values in the row by the value 77 (instead: 2,031,421). This inconsistency can already be found in the original of these statistics.
- ^ Statistics Austria: Population. Retrieved February 13, 2017 .
- ↑ Ernst Hanisch : The long shadow of the state. Austrian history of society in the 20th century , Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-8000-3980-X ; S45f
