Doom metal
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Doom metal
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| Development phase: | Early 1970s |
| Place of origin: | United Kingdom |
| Stylistic precursors | |
| Hard rock • Psychedelic rock | |
| Pioneers | |
| Black Sabbath • Pentagram | |
| Instruments typical of the genre | |
| Guitar • bass • drums • vocals • keyboard | |
| Subgenres | |
| Black Doom • Death Doom • Drone Doom • Epic Doom • Funeral Doom • Gothic Metal • Grunge • Dark Jazz • Post-Metal • Sludge • Stoner Doom | |
Doom Metal ( doom English for 'downfall', 'evil') is a variety of metal . It is characterized by heavy, slow guitar riffs and a basic mood that is perceived as gloomy. The lyrics are often about melancholy , sadness , apocalyptic mood , longing , despair and death .
history
The band Black Sabbath, with their first four albums from the late 1960s to the mid-1970s, is an essential point of reference and starting point for Doom Metal .
Except for the fact without public existing erratically and at that time band Pentagram and 1973 already reconstituted Black Widow of distinctively heavy and sluggish sound of the band was no immediate sequel. It was not until the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s that bands were founded that, with some explicit reference to the early Black Sabbath, are considered pioneers of Doom Metal, including The Obsessed , Saint Vitus , Trouble and Witchfinder General .
These bands formed the first generation of actual Doom Metal, which also got its own name during the 1980s, possibly going back to Candlemass ' debut album Epicus Doomicus Metallicus or the Black Sabbath title Hand of Doom . Saint Vitus and Candlemass are often cited as the most influential Doom Metal bands, while Trouble popularized Doom Metal. In the course of the splitting up into many subgenres, traditional or prototypical Doom is used to classify Doom Metal as a separate sub-style . In the 2000s there was a revival of the genre around performers like Reverend Bizarre , Witchcraft and Blood Ceremony , which led to a plethora of new performers.
success
Doom Metal, apart from a few bands like Black Sabbath, never made a big impact in the mainstream of music. Within the metal scene , relatively few bands actually achieved noteworthy prominence. Nevertheless, there has always been a very lively and fertile underground . Garry Sharpe-Young put this mockingly with the words: “The terms Doom Metal and Business Plan do not share the same space, let alone the same language.” Frank Schäfer stated: “[T] all kinds of metallic melancholy remain primarily a minority program ”.
Musical classification
Classic Doom Metal is based on Black Sabbath's first four albums. The albums Black Sabbath , Paranoid , Master of Reality and Black Sabbath Vol. 4 shaped a sound that became known as Doom Metal in the 1980s with subsequent bands such as Saint Vitus , Witchfinder General and Trouble .
"Despite the narrow boundaries of the genre, despite the consistent down-to-earthness of the music and despite the love for constantly repeating lava riffs, the independence has always managed to keep the upper hand."
The reduced tempo, the increased distortion of the electric guitars as well as "monotony and individuality" are named as characteristics of classic Doom Metal. Doom Metal is usually characterized as a very dark and slow variety of Metal with heavy and slow guitar riffs. The guitars are tuned low and are often played through bass amplifiers. The style is therefore described as a “warm and broad sound” with “earthy guitars” and clear vocals. Based on the early work of Black Sabbath, elements from psychedelic , blues and hard rock are significant for Doom Metal. The vocals in particular are performed by both men and women, stylistically based on hard and blues rock. The singing style was influenced by singers like Ozzy Osbourne , Scott Weinrich , Eric Wagner ( Trouble ) and Scott Reagers ( Saint Vitus ).
Influence, development and fragmentation
From the second half of the 1980s, Doom Metal began u. a. to differentiate into their own sub-genres by blending with adjacent musical cultures. The first albums by Candlemass and Pentagram, which were often assigned to primeval Doom, had already changed the style slightly in the form of more complex riffs, relatively clear production and vocals mixed in the foreground. By the end of the 1980s, the releases of The Melvins ( Six Songs / Gluey Porch Treatments ), Godflesh ( Godflesh ) and Dream Death ( Journey into Misery ) set new impulses, by means of which the willingness to crossover from and with Doom Metal was made clear . While The Melvins brought in the hardcore punk , Godflesh acted with influences of industrial and post-industrial and Dream Death with influences of Thrash metal . On the other hand, with My War 1984 the band Black Flag approached Doom Metal out of Hardcore Punk and, like The Melvins, became formative for Sludge .
Further impulses came from death metal in the 1990s ; Bands like Winter or Thergothon turned away from the death-metal-typical enormous speed and looked for new timbres in the slowdown. Barathrum and Unholy from the Black Metal environment acted in a similar way , which by slowing down and mixing Black with Doom Metal better accentuated “the harsh atmosphere of their songs”.
At the beginning of the 1990s, interpreters of various now differentiated genre terms such as Cathedral (Stoner Doom), EyeHateGod (Sludge), Winter (Funeral), Godflesh ( Industrial Metal ) or Neurosis (Post-Metal) were still subsumed under the name Doomcore . The main commonality of the different styles was the influence of death metal or hardcore punk. In the 1990s, however, the mass of different interpreters and their playing style became so diverse that the sub-styles were more differentiated.
Epic Doom
- Main article: Epic Doom
Epic Doom was established as the first sub-style in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Probably the most popular type of Doom is characterized by the clear, sometimes operatic-like singing. Some bands also use keyboards to support the epic atmosphere . The first representatives of this genre were Candlemass and Solitude Aeturnus .
Sludge
- Main article: Sludge
The sludge came into being in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when bands from the so-called NOLA scene , originally rooted in hardcore , picked up elements of Doom and created a new variety that was based in particular on The Melvins, late Black Flag and early Black Sabbath. EyeHateGod and Crowbar in particular established the style as an independent genre.
Post metal
- Main article: Post metal
Post-Metal is a progressive parallel development of Sludge, also influenced by Hardcore, which was at times referred to as Atmospheric Sludge. This subgenre usually alternates between long, calm passages and aggressive outbursts. Often several guitars are arranged in layers and accompanied by a complex rhythm section. The first interpreters of the Neurosis genre began to play the typical style on Souls at Zero in the early 1990s , while the style was only able to establish itself as an independent genre in the early 2000s through the album Oceanic by the band Isis .
Death Doom
- Main article: Death Doom
Around the same time as Sludge, Death Doom was created, a form of Death Metal that relies on Deathgrunts and some other style elements of Death Metal, but has significantly reduced the tempo under the influence of Doom Metal . The earliest representatives of the genre are Dream Death and Goatlord .
Gothic metal
- Main article: Gothic metal
The Death Doom was supplemented by the Peaceville Three ( My Dying Bride , Paradise Lost and Anathema ) at the beginning of the 1990s with keyboards, female clear vocals or the use of a violin. In particular, the influences from Dark Wave and Gothic Rock as well as the title of the second Paradise Lost album Gothic justified the name Gothic Metal.
Funeral doom
- Main article: Funeral Doom
Another development from Death Doom was the enormously slow and monotonous Funeral Doom. A style that also developed in the early 1990s and goes back to the first releases of Winter , Disembowelment and especially Thergothon . The style, however, was established by Skepticism .
Grunge
- Main article: Grunge
In the late 1980s, grunge established itself in the greater Seattle area as a mixture of the playing style of protopunk bands such as The Stooges and MC 5 with the sound of the early Black Sabbath. While the later popular representatives like Nirvana or Stone Temple Pilots played a more rock- oriented sound, the early form of grunge was still close to Doom Metal. Representatives of this style of play were Green River , Mudhoney , Soundgarden , The U-Men and The Melvins .
Stoner Doom
- Main article: Stoner Doom
Stoner Doom or Space Doom is a variant of Doom that often attracts attention with slightly more positive lyrics. Another characteristic is that bands of this Doom style have clear influences from heavy rock and psychedelic rock of the 1960s and 1970s. The sound of the deeply tuned guitar is mostly played through a bass amplifier, which leads to higher distortion. A clear distinction to Stoner Rock , which emerged from Stoner Doom and works with similar elements, is hardly to be made. Protagonists of this subgenre are u. a. Sleep , OM , Electric Wizard or Cathedral (from the album The Ethereal Mirror ).
Drone Doom
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- Main article: Drone Doom
The Drone Doom, which emerged from the Stoner Doom, consists mainly of booming, distorted guitar sounds. The pieces often have no clear structure and a slow rhythm that is difficult to identify. This style, which goes back to the band Earth and their album Earth 2: Special Low-Frequency Version , is considered the quintessence of Doom , has a very meditative character and can almost no longer be seen as a style of metal , but rather of ambient . Other well-known representatives are z. B. Nadja , Sunn O))) or Monarch! .
Black Doom
- Main article: Black Doom
Black Doom was created through the slowdown of Black Metal and the inclusion of elements of Doom Metal. Early representatives of this style are Barathrum and Unholy ; The early works of the band Bethlehem also correspond stylistically to this hybrid form, which, however, do not, as is usual for Black Metal, refer to Satanism , so that Bethlehem is referred to as Dark Metal . Other well-known bands are z. B. Forgotten Tomb , Dolorian , Furze .
Dark jazz
- Main article: Dark Jazz
In the mid-1990s, Bohren & the Club of Gore established an ambient style influenced by Doom Metal , which is primarily played on rock and jazz instruments and which became known as Dark Jazz, Horror Jazz, Jazz Noir or Doom Jazz. Other well-known representatives are The Mount Fuji Doomjazz Corporation and The Kilimanjaro Darkjazz Ensemble . Performers of Drone Doom such as Earth occasionally act with elements of Dark Jazz.
Well-known artists
Web links
- www.doom-metal.com : Doom-Metal.com , a website dedicated to the genre and its subgenres.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Doom-metal.com: What is Doom-metal? Archived from the original on December 12, 2007 ; accessed on January 22, 2010 (English).
- ↑ a b c d e Robert Müller: Now take it easy… . In: Metal Hammer , December 2010, p. 89.
- ↑ a b c d e f Doom-Metal.com: The history of Doom-Metal. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007 ; accessed on January 22, 2010 (English).
- ^ Garry Sharpe-Young : AZ of Doom, Gothic & Stoner Metal , 2003, ISBN 1-901447-14-6 , p. I.
- ^ Frank Schäfer: Heavy Metal - Stories, Bands and Plates , 2001, ISBN 3-379-01737-X , p. 43.
- ↑ a b DOOM SHALL RISE 3: The 70s / Classic Doom Special. Vampster, accessed April 7, 2014 .
- ↑ a b c Arne Ebner: The Aesthetics of Doom , Online ( Memento from November 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on May 1, 2011
- ↑ a b c History of Doom. (No longer available online.) Tajam, archived from the original on March 11, 2014 ; Retrieved April 2, 2014 .
- ↑ a b Thorsten Zahn, Petra Schurer: Emotions in slow motion. Rolling Stone , June 2003, archived from the original on November 12, 2014 ; Retrieved April 7, 2014 .
- ↑ Uwe Deese: CATHEDRAL . Forest Of Equilibrium . In: Rock Hard , No. 56, 1991.
- ↑ a b “Doomcore / Sludge and Death / Funeral Doom Special” for the Doom Shall Rise Festival ( memento of the original from March 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at Vampster , 2005
- ↑ Doom-metal.com: Bandlist. Retrieved January 22, 2010 (English).
- ↑ Doom-metal.com: Bandlist Goatlord. Retrieved January 11, 2010 .
- ^ Ta: Dark, darker, Funeral Doom. (No longer available online.) Crossover agm, archived from the original on October 16, 2014 ; accessed on March 2, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Funeral Doom - 7 day music course. Metal Hammer, archived from the original on April 6, 2009 ; accessed on November 30, 2015 .
- ↑ Robert Müller: The blind spot . Slow, Deep & Hard . In: Metal Hammer , June 2011, p. 89.
- ↑ grunge. AllMusic, accessed April 7, 2014 .
- ↑ Kostas Panagiotou : Doom-metal.com: Reviews. Retrieved January 22, 2010 (English).
- ↑ Doom-metal.com: Bandlist. Retrieved January 22, 2010 (English).
- ↑ Doom-metal.com: Bandlist. Retrieved January 22, 2010 (English).
- ↑ Doom-metal.com: Reviews. Retrieved January 22, 2010 (English).
- ↑ Doom-metal.com: Reviews. Retrieved January 22, 2010 (English).
- ↑ Andreas Schnell: the axis of the slow. taz, accessed April 7, 2014 .
