New Tempelhof
The garden city of Neu-Tempelhof , often referred to as the Fliegerviertel , is a residential area with a good 16,000 inhabitants that was built in 1911 on the western Tempelhofer Feld in the Tempelhof district of Berlin . The development was interrupted by the events of the First and Second World Wars and as a result the urban planning concept was changed several times from bourgeois apartment buildings before 1914 to the village garden city of the 1920s and loosened up development in the 1950s. The development could only be completed in the 1960s. At 72 million marks (adjusted for purchasing power in today's currency: around 406.7 million euros) it was the largest real estate business in the German Empire at the time .
history
Sold by the military treasury
The Tempelhofer Feld, which the Prussian military had used as a drill and training ground since 1722 , was sold by the Tempelhof farmers to the Prussian state in 1826/1827 because it was only suitable for agriculture to a limited extent due to its military use. Since the area had become too small for large-scale military exercises, the military opened up new exercise areas in Döberitz and Wünsdorf , so that the Tempelhofer Feld was no longer needed. The part west of the Tempelhofer Damm could therefore be sold, while the eastern part continued to be used as a training and deployment area for the troops stationed in Berlin, especially for flight tests.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the city of Berlin showed no interest in buying the site and in 1902 refused to incorporate it. This changed when the War Ministry wanted to sell the Tempelhofer Feld in 1908 - as early as 1907, a small parade field on the Berlin district had been sold to the city. A prerequisite for such a deal was the redevelopment of the Tempelhofer Feld to Berlin. Since the negotiations about this sale dragged on for a long time and the military treasury also put the sale on hold until 1908, the magistrate believed that it could postpone negotiations about the sale of the site. In the meantime, however, the sales plans had become known to the public, so that the district of Teltow , to which Tempelhof belonged, and the province of Brandenburg got involved . The officials there were of the opinion that the Tempelhofer Feld should remain in Tempelhof.
In 1909, the up-and-coming city of Schöneberg submitted a development plan through its city planning officer Friedrich Gerlach on behalf of the War Ministry, which provided for a varied street scene, which was represented by narrow, curved streets that widened into squares of different sizes. The design was created in the spirit of the Austrian city planner Camillo Sitte , who published his book Der Städtebau according to his artistic principles in 1889 . Since the war ministry was interested in the highest possible sales price, the plan provided for a five-storey perimeter block development, which would have resulted in a high density of buildings.
However, the city of Berlin pushed ahead with the incorporation and in 1910 presented a development plan edited by Hermann Jansen , which also provided for winding streets and a green strip up to 180 meters wide with parks, sports and play facilities and a promenade. The green belt should create a connection between the Viktoriapark in Kreuzberg and the parks in Tempelhof. A perimeter block development without side and transverse buildings resulted in a reduced building density. The military treasury welcomed these plans because the city of Berlin alone was trusted to carry out such a large real estate transaction.
The military treasury, which had previously been involved in other speculative transactions, had meanwhile reached an agreement with the Tempelhof community on the sale. The decisive factor was that Deutsche Bank worked out a financing plan with the Tempelhof community and with the support of the Teltow district. The Tempelhofer Feld Aktiengesellschaft for property utilization was founded , in which the Dresdner Bank and later the Darmstädter Bank for Trade and Industry also participated. Real estate entrepreneur Georg Haberland , who had already played an important role with the Berlinische Boden-Gesellschaft in the development of the Bavarian Quarter in Schöneberg and the Rheingauviertel in Wilmersdorf and other projects in the south-west of Berlin , became the executive board of the stock corporation .
Acquisition by the Tempelhof community
Shortly before the purchase agreement was signed, the Army Administration Department tried to drive up the purchase price by engaging an unknown private consortium as potential buyers. Ultimately, the Tempelhof community bought back the western part of the Tempelhof field on August 31, 1910 for 72 million marks . The sum was to be paid in individual installments by 1930. Since the purchase price for the destitute community of Tempelhof was very high, the military treasury had ensured that the police zoning plan was changed and that 70% of the sold area could be built on from 1907. Due to the conflict of interests in the sale, Haberland lost his mandate as a city councilor . Werner Hegemann describes in his book Das steinerne Berlin 1930 the sale of the Tempelhofer Feld as a “classic example of narrow-minded fiscal land usury” and “officially legitimized corruption”. The officials working with Haberland and other speculators were not brought to justice.
The Tempelhof community was interested in a wealthy, medium-sized population, which is why the new quarter was generously planned with extensive green areas, electric street lighting and a subway connection. Two churches, five schools and an administration building were planned for the new residents. An important element was an 80–120 meter wide park belt, which was supposed to cross the area in a semicircle. These specifications led to a new development plan competition in which Felix Genzmer , Theodor Goecke , Bruno Möhring , Josef Stübben and Friedrich Gerlach took part. The drafts presented to the professional world in 1911 caused a sensation.
location
The Neu-Tempelhof settlement is located on a clearly delimited 145 hectare area between Dudenstrasse in the north, Tempelhofer Damm in the east, the Ringbahn and the city motorway in the south and the Berlin – Dresden railway line in the west. In the north the area borders on Kreuzberg , in the east on the former Tempelhof Airport , in the south on Tempelhof and in the west on the Schöneberg district . East of the Dresden Railway , barracks were built for the railway regiments stationed here from the 1890s . Only the balloon driver path and the Boelckestraße as well as the Tempelhofer Damm cross under these roads. Since November 2012, the Alfred-Lion-Steg has enabled pedestrians and cyclists to cross the railway line to the Schöneberg district . The most important streets are Boelckestrasse , Manfred-von-Richthofen-Strasse and Werner-Voss-Damm as well as the delimiting Tempelhofer Damm.
Development
Due to two wars, the development did not extend without conceptual breaks over a period of 60 years from 1909 to the late 1960s. In Neu-Tempelhof, therefore, four construction phases (corresponding to areas A, B, C and D) can be distinguished from one another, which were created one after the other and are based on different concepts.
Until 1914 - Area A
In the northeast between Dudenstrasse, Manfred-von-Richthofen-Strasse, Kaiserkorso and Tempelhofer Damm, five-storey tenement houses were built in high-density development in 1912–1913, which - according to the development plan enforced by the military treasury - was intended for the entire area. The plans included apartments for 70,000 residents. Tempelhofer Feld Aktien-Gesellschaft für Real Estate Utilization, entrusted with the development of Neu-Tempelhof since 1911, had the two semicircular, curved residential and commercial buildings built by Bruno Möhring and Hermann Speck in order to promote the new residential area. The two imposing buildings serve as a gate to the development of the Tempelhofer Feld. By 1914, several apartment blocks were built along Burgherrenstrasse , the Kaiserkorso, Manfred-von-Richthofen-Strasse up to Wolffring , but the block between Bayernring and Badener Ring and the corner building on Wolffring were destroyed in the Second World War. The First World War and the inflation that followed it prevented the further implementation of the dense residential development.
Garden City Neu-Tempelhof - Area B
From 1920 to 1928 the small house settlement, the garden city of Neu-Tempelhof , was built based on the model of English garden cities in a relaxed design and interspersed with gardens by the then Tempelhof district town planner Fritz Bräuning . It is not only the largest of its kind in the Berlin metropolitan area, but also the most important urban ensemble of this era in the Tempelhof district. On the basis of the existing development plan, Bräuning created a new one, because the development and road construction as well as the park belt had progressed so far at the beginning of the settlement activity that the lines of the old development plan had to be retained in essential parts. In the residential streets, however, the street width was significantly reduced, so that the front gardens that are characteristic of today could be created here. In several places (e.g. Wiesenerstraße), small squares open up that create a village atmosphere. On the east side, opposite the former Tempelhof Airport, the settlement was completed by multi-storey buildings that have a function similar to that of a city wall.
The newly founded "Gemeinnützige Tempelhofer-Feld-Heimstätten GmbH", in whose capital stock of five million marks the city of Berlin held a 70 percent share, was able to acquire around 100 hectares of building land on the initiative of the Social Democratic State Secretary in the Prussian Ministry of Welfare, Adolf Scheidt . Around 2000 houses with three to five rooms were to be built here, so that they could initially be offered to war veterans and their families who had returned home. The garden city is characterized by two-storey single-family houses with garden land, whereby essentially only two house types were used, which are arranged in groups: a two-axis of approx. 5 m × 9 m with a kitchen and three living rooms and a three-axis of approx. 7 m × 9 m floor space with kitchen and five living rooms. In all houses, the option of installing an attic room at a later date has been provided in order to gain more space later if required.
A typical house with four rooms, kitchen, bathroom, toilet and hallway and 250 m² garden cost 20,000 marks , of which the buyers had to raise a third themselves and could finance the rest through loans. Of the planned 2000 houses, only around 1000 had been built by 1930 for cost reasons.
The liveliness of the spatial design is achieved by the changing width of the front gardens, as user gardens up to twelve meters deep were placed in front of the house front in individual places. This created a rhythmic sequence of different street spaces - often in a curved shape - whose contrasts were emphasized by the uniform painting of the buildings in the various street sections.
The settlement is also significantly shaped by the green spaces, especially the Parkring and Adolf-Scheidt-Platz as the center of the settlement. The layout of the park ring goes back to a competition design by Fritz Bräuning from 1911.
Housing developments in the 1920s and 1930s
Parallel to the construction of the garden settlement, residential complexes were built on the edge of the area from 1926, which were primarily intended to protect against the noise of the airport and the S-Bahn , which resulted in the four- and five-story construction. However, this construction activity was discontinued in 1931/1932, so that this concept also remained unfinished.
Area C1
The third construction phase began in 1926 with a four-storey perimeter block development by Fritz Bräuning along Gontermannstrasse and Hoeppnerstrasse, which is intended to shield the estate from the Ringbahn and to separate it spatially from the barracks on General-Pape-Strasse .
In the area of Gontermannstrasse and Hoeppnerstrasse, the city wall character of the elongated four-storey perimeter development is emphasized by loggias with round arch openings (the arches are made of brown exposed brickwork, which leads into the unplastered central pillars of the double loggia made of decorative stones).
This sub-area is characterized by the following special design features:
- Ocher-colored plastered buildings in sand plaster with hipped roof (originally red clay tiles, beaver tail double cladding), eaves design as straight brown wooden cladding, base and round arches of the entrances brown exposed masonry, windows fissure in smooth plaster, slightly contrasting in color
- Wooden window with transom , one or two posts and muntin division, some soundproof windows (retrospectively), with metal frames and without subdivision
- Entrance doors made of wood with infill, painted in color (green or red-brown)
- Structuring elements form projecting components and some larger recesses ("bastions") as a square-like extension of the street space on the west or south side, in one case as a gateway to the former barracks area.
Between Gontermannstrasse and Bäumerplan is the St. Joseph Hospital, which was built between 1927 and 1928 according to plans by Ludwig Hoffmann and Friedrich Hennings .
Area C2
The southeast corner of Fritz Bräuning's settlement at Tempelhof S-Bahn station , built in 1927, is an independent building ensemble . The entrance to the garden house area is formed by the Manfred-von-Richthofen-Straße overbuilding as a city gate. The high barrel vaults support two residential floors and the attic, which has been expanded in the area of the building, which increases the effect. The crowning roof structures are no longer available.
The facades of the four-storey buildings with hipped roof are structured by symmetrically arranged bay windows and loggias. A central, triangular gable emphasizes the back of the square courtyard, which is open to Hoeppnerstrasse.
Area C3
The adjoining buildings on Tempelhofer Damm by Eduard Jobst Siedler were built in 1927/1928 and form the eastern border to Tempelhofer Feld, once again with a city wall-like function. The complex consists of three building units, in which two parallel structures are connected by staircases that form courtyards. The continuous straight front ground floor separates a cornice of decorative bricks from the upper floors, which is emphasized by brown sand plaster unlike the ocher plaster of the upper floors.
Broad risalits (flush with the ground floor) and intermediate balcony strips structure the street facade of the upper floors. The risalites carry a hipped roof that merges into the high hipped roof of the main structure. Small dormers with a gable roof interrupt the main roof area above the balcony strips and subordinate themselves to it.
At the road junctions, low four-storey end structures form symmetrical gate openings to the garden house settlement.
Due to the destruction of the war, the connection between this building complex and the corner ensemble of Bräuning (area C2) is formed by additional buildings from the 1950s.
Area C4
In this area - also built by Fritz Bräuning in 1931 - an extension of the garden house settlement was originally planned. In the design and arrangement of the building, the architect created an organic transition or a response to the adjacent areas he built (garden shed and city wall )
To Boelckestrasse and Hessenring there are three-storey plastered buildings (ocher-colored maggot plaster) with a hipped roof , to Hoeppnerstrasse four-storey (also hipped roof), ocher- colored sand plaster like the “city wall” opposite, to Mohnickesteig there is a middle four-storey building with an additional attic storey and flat roof Components with hipped roof.
The following special design features characterize this sub-area:
- Brown clinker plinth, additional cornice strip on the ground floor to the garden house area and round arches over the entrances made of brown exposed brickwork, here gray-beige sand plaster between the base and cornice strip. Window bezels, loggias and eaves cornice (cove) set off in red-brown smooth plaster.
- Rectangular entrance openings facing Hoeppnerstrasse, no cornice, colors as before, brown clinker pillars on loggias and balconies.
- Rectangular brown fair-faced brickwork on the Mohnickesteig - frames for the entrances, balconies with a matt pink offset in smooth plaster with brick pillars. The ocher-colored sand plaster facade of the flat roof section, the adjoining structures probably of a different color, today matt green. Window sash as before (smooth plaster, red-brown).
Area C5 / C6
The residential complex, built from 1930 to 1931 according to plans by Fritz Bräuning and Ernst and Günther Paulus , has a higher density of buildings than the garden city of Neu-Tempelhof. The five-storey residential complex with hipped roofs consists of a block-like closed residential wing on Badener Ring and six rows in a north-south direction, which have hook-shaped heads on the Bayernring. With the comb-like structure instead of an all-round block enclosure, the residential complex is an important example of housing development in the 1930s. With the comb shape, the apartments should receive the same proportion of light and sun with better ventilation. It made it possible to use the inner surface of a building block for residential construction, so that more apartments could be accommodated on the property. The outer house entrances have a profiled brick border, the courtyard-side entrances are highlighted by blue ceramic plates. The green spaces between the rows open invitingly to the street. The loops in the second and fourth courtyards also contribute to this.
The residential complex next to it in area C6 was built at the same time. Only the area in Dudenstrasse with the associated corner houses, as can be seen in aerial photos from 1928, is part of the original inventory. The remaining houses on the block were built in the 1950s and 1960s.
Large housing estates of the 1950s and 1960s
The remaining areas in the north and south were not built on until the 1950s and 1960s. Here the urban planning concept changed again. Now the builders preferred the open construction to the perimeter block development.
Area D1
The area around the Udetzeile and in the northern area of the Gontermannstraße was created around 1957. The Udetzeile is dominated by an eight-story high-rise. There is also a pavilion in Gontermannstrasse which is currently used by the housing association WoBeGe, but which was originally intended to house small shops.
Area D2
The residential complex of the Evangelical Charitable Housing Association 'Alexander Foundation' was built in 1956–1958 on the then undeveloped site between Bayernring and Badener Ring according to the plans of Frei Otto and Rudolf Smolla. The settlement, which consists of seven four to ten-story apartment blocks, is grouped around a wide green corridor. While the north sides are closed like blocks and designed to be very repellent, Frei Otto provided the south sides with generously glazed window fronts. Loggia-like sections with horizontal ribbon windows alternate with deeply drawn-in balconies, the backs of which are completely dissolved in glass. Because of this design, the settlement is also known as the “Glass City”. The horizontal parapet strips and the vertical wall panels delimiting the balconies result in a strict facade grid. The wall surfaces of the cubic apartment blocks are plastered in gray. The principle of placing differently dimensioned apartment blocks from high-rise to flat residential rows in a green area was widespread in the 1950s.
Area D3 / D4
This area was planned for the expansion of the garden city, but the plans were not implemented, which is why the area was still undeveloped at the beginning of the 1960s. The development erected by GSW in the D3 area between Hoeppnerstrasse and Hessenring was built between 1962 and 1963 and takes up the concept of Hans Scharoun's residential farms in Charlottenburg-Nord . It consists of several three- to six-storey apartment blocks in a loosened-up development and a seven-storey point building with an adjoining one-storey shop wing on the corner of Hoeppnerstrasse and Werner-Voß-Damm. The complex is accessed by a long footpath between Hoeppnerstrasse and Hessenring, on which there are several tenant gardens.
The development in the D4 area did not emerge until 1967 and in the 1980s in Dudenstrasse. These are six-story buildings that are typical of this period.
Single buildings
Formative individual buildings that are of great importance for the settlement characteristics are the St. Joseph Hospital between Gontermannstrasse and Bäumerplan 1927–1928 by Ludwig Hoffmann and Friedrich Hennings in the Garden City area , and the 'Tempelhofer Feld grammar school and elementary school' in the 1927–1929 Boelckestrasse by Fritz Bräuning and the 1927–1928 church on Tempelhofer Feld on Wolffring by Fritz Bräuning. It was not until 1958 to 1959 that the Catholic St. Judas Thaddäus Church was built on the Bäumerplan by Reinhard Hofbauer.
Other distinctive buildings are the Berlin State Criminal Police Office on Tempelhofer Damm, which adjoins the buildings from 1913 and takes up the cubature of the elongated administration building of the Tempelhof Airport opposite, and the Tempelhof S-Bahn small rectifier plant in Hoeppnerstraße (1927–1928) by Richard Brademann and the heavy load body in General-Pape-Strasse from 1941 to 1942, which was built by the General Building Inspectorate for the Reich Capital (GBI) to check the subsidence behavior of the building site with a view to the construction of a gigantic triumphal arch.
Parkring Neu-Tempelhof
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A second competition took place for the design of the park ring envisaged in the development plan from 1911, which Fritz Bräuning was able to win. He designed a horseshoe-shaped green corridor with alternating open spaces, more densely vegetated areas, sports and playgrounds and water areas. It was planned to lower the northern area with the water basin and to guide through traffic with bridges over the green belt. The design of the Parkring, carried out from 1912 onwards, only took up motifs from the first prize winner Fritz Bräuning and the third prize winner Alfred Hensel, such as the rows of trees framing the ring and the mirror-image design on the Bundesring . The main garden architect of Siedlungsgrün and Parkring was the district garden director Rudolf Fischer, who created designs from 1912 to 1931 and worked as garden director at Tempelhofer Feld AG from 1913, but the first phase of construction - which was completed by 1914 - also included the architects Bruno Möhring and Paul Jatzow involved. A pond was created between Loewenhardtdamm and Manfred-von-Richthofen-Straße, which was designed as a geometric system with paddling and rowing basins (closed in 1947) to the east of the Boelcke Bridge, and to the west as a lake with natural banks (today: Kynastteich).
With the new development plan by Fritz Bräuning from 1920 to 1928 and the establishment of the school and hospital group on Boelckestrasse and Bäumerplan at the end of the 1920s, the original park ring was reduced to the south. In 1930 a "school playground" was created, which was bordered by hedges and plane trees on the street side . The area built in 1968 with a gym is currently used for school sports. In the 1940s, emerged on the recorder ring on Rumeyplan and the Federal ring bunkers that are still preserved and very disruptive. Further redesigns took place in 1952/1953 by Bernd Kynast in the area of the closed paddling pool. A garden with water features was created in a recreational area that can be used in many ways for children and adults.
In 2003 the district office had plans to rededicate part of the parking ring as an employee parking lot for the St. Joseph Hospital. The citizens' initiative New Paths for Neu-Tempelhof was successful against this . Since 2006 the green areas, which had suffered badly from years of neglect in the district, have been managed by the Parkring e. V. looks after and cared for, which includes care agreements, guided tours and cultural events. As a lighthouse project , the historic rose garden was restored together with the district and the State Monuments Office and inaugurated on September 15, 2009.
Aviation district
When they were laid out, the streets of Neu-Tempelhof were named after German ruling families such as the Hohenzollernkorso , Zähringerkorso or names of federal states of the German Empire proclaimed on January 18, 1871 , such as Hessenring and Württemberger Ring . On August 4, 1930, the previously unnamed streets Höhndorfstraße, Siegertweg, Wintgensstraße, Wölfertstraße and Wüsthoffstraße were named after fighter pilots from the First World War and after aviation pioneers ( Friedrich Hermann Wölfert ). On “Day of the Air Force” (April 21, 1936), the 18th anniversary of the death of fighter pilot Manfred von Richthofen , other streets were given names of fighter pilots from the First World War on the instructions of Hermann Göring in the area that has since been known as the “Fliegerviertel” . The newly established Udetzeile was the last Fliegerstrasse to receive its name on April 29, 1957. Boelckestrasse (previously: Wittelsbacherkorso ) and Manfred-von-Richthofen-Strasse (previously: Hohenzollernkorso ) are main streets in the Aviation District.
After the Second World War , the Berlin magistrate planned completely new street names for the district. The aviators were to be replaced by pacifist writers; for example, instead of Manfred-von-Richthofen-Straße, the name Mühsamstraße (after the publicist Erich Mühsam ) was provided. Even Bertha von Suttner , Ada Negri , Ernst Toller , Georg Büchner , Franz Werfel and other writers were on the street signs; but that did not happen.
Todays situation
The Tempelhofer Feld garden suburb, designed at the beginning of the 1920s by the then Tempelhof district town planner Fritz Bräuning , is not only the largest such complex in the Berlin urban area, but also the most important urban ensemble of this epoch in the Tempelhof-Schöneberg district. To protect this area, the Senate Department for Urban Development and Environmental Protection, represented at the time by Senator Volker Hassemer, issued the “Ordinance on the Preservation of Buildings and the Urban Design of the Neu-Tempelhof Area in the Tempelhof District of Berlin” of August 29, 1991. It describes the spatial scope of the ordinance (areas B, C1 – C4 and D3), the subject matter of the ordinance, according to which the demolition, modification, change of use or construction of structures require approval, as well as the violation of regulations. There is no special conservation ordinance for the other areas.
After the closure of Tempelhof Airport, the garden city in particular has developed into a sought-after residential area, which is characterized by its proximity to the city, good transport links and a quiet location in the middle of the city.
Well-known residents
- Berlin's governing mayor Michael Müller lives in the Schulenburgring not far from the Tempelhofer Feld , the development of which he had largely planned was rejected by the referendum on the Tempelhofer Feld . At Bayernring, he runs a book printing company with his father, where he worked at the printing press himself until 2004.
- Elisabeth Abegg (1882–1974) was a teacher and resistance fighter against National Socialism. She lived in Tempelhofer Damm 56 from 1928 to 1973 (until 1949 Berliner Str. 24a). Between 1942 and 1945 she and her sister Julia Abegg hid several people, mainly Jewish, from persecution by the Nazis.
- Fritz Bräuning (1879–1951) was an architect, town planner and town planner in Tempelhof, he lived in Hohenzollernkorso 54b from 1924 to 1944, and from April 1936 on Manfred-von-Richthofen-Str. 77. In 1934 he was released because he was married to a Jew. The house was burned down by a bomb in 1944.
- Dorothea Hirschfeld (1877–1966) was a pioneer of social work in Germany and an SPD politician. From 1927, she owned the house in Manfred-von-Richthofen-Str. 160 (before renaming Hohenzollernkorso 32), she lived there with several members of her family. On October 3, 1942, she was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp , but survived the Holocaust and returned to Berlin in August 1945. Her sister Pauline Hirschfeld (1886–1942) committed suicide there on October 25, 1942, very likely because of her imminent deportation. Selma Wolfram (1872–1943) was deported from the house to Theresienstadt on August 31, 1942, and murdered on April 28, 1943. Most recently she was vice principal of the Jewish middle school for girls and since 1940 has lived as a subtenant with the Hirschfeld family.
- Kurt Lewin , Professor of Psychology (1890–1947), owned a house built in 1925/26 in Hohenzollernkorso 54a, from April 1936 on Manfred-von-Richthofen-Str. 79. He himself had to emigrate to the USA shortly after the Nazis came to power in 1933, after which his mother Recha Lewin (née Engel; 1866–1943) and his brother Egon Lewin (1893–1951) lived there. While his brother also managed to escape to the USA, his mother was deported from the Netherlands to the Sobibor extermination camp and murdered. Several people were deported to death from this house, including Martha Elisa Karpe (née Engel; 1873–1943) and Erich Cohn (1879–1942) with his wife Hertha Cohn (née Toller; 1889–1942), she was Ernst Toller's sister .
- Bruno Sattler (1898–1972) was detective director and SS-Sturmbannführer during the Nazi era, with the Einsatzgruppen of the Security Police and the SD in the USSR and Gestapo chief in Belgrade. In 1942 he and his wife Elfriede (1904–1984) bought a house on Manfred-von-Richthofen-Str. 125, which belonged to the merchant Baruch Bernhard Leon (born 1867). As the owner of the new building in Hohenzollernkorso 48c, he was in the Berlin address book from 1926 . He died on April 16, 1941 in Berlin, his sister Hulda Leon (born 1862) and his brother Moritz Leon (born 1857) lived in this house. Hulda died there on November 13, 1940, Moritz was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp on July 7, 1942, where he died within 12 days. Gertrud Leon (1881 née Markwald), wife and heiress of Baruch Leon, sold the house under duress and at a very low price in mid-1942, assuming that Bruno Sattler would ensure that she would be protected from deportation. This assumption was wrong. After the house was sold, Gertrud Leon was deported to Theresienstadt with Moritz Leon on July 7, 1942, from there to the Auschwitz concentration camp and murdered on October 9, 1944.
literature
- District Office Tempelhof-Schöneberg City Development Office (Ed.): Tempelhof-Schöneberg Streets - Squares - Bridges. Their origin, meaning and renaming . 1st edition. Berlin 2012.
- Martin Donath, Gabriele Schulz, Michael Hofmann: districts Tempelhof, Mariendorf, Marienfelde and Lichtenrade . In: Landesdenkmalamt Berlin (Hrsg.): Monuments in Berlin district Tempelhof-Schöneberg . 1st edition. Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-86568-189-8 .
- Werner Hegemann : The rescue of the Tempelhof field. In: Wasmuth's monthly magazine for architecture. Vol. 8 (1924), issue 11/12, urn : nbn: de: kobv: 109-opus-9218 , pp. 333-345.
Web links
- Stephan Wiehler: Finally new buildings in Tempelhof! In: Der Tagesspiegel . May 25, 2014, accessed June 1, 2014 .
- Parking ring e. V. Garden City of Neu-Tempelhof
- Private site to the Tempelhofer Feld
- Garden city "Neu Tempelhof" . BA Tempelhof-Schöneberg
Individual evidence
- ↑ Montoring Social Urban Development 2013. (PDF) Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment, accessed on June 6, 2014 .
- ↑ LDL Berlin: Parkring Neu-Tempelhof
- ^ Felix Escher: Berlin and its surroundings . On the genesis of the Berlin urban landscape up to the beginning of the 20th century. Ed .: Historical Commission Berlin, West. Colloquium-Verlag, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-7678-0654-1 , p. 301 ff .
- ↑ LDL Berlin: Complete complex at Dudenstrasse 9, Tempelhofer Damm 2, 1912–1913 by Bruno Möhring & Hermann Speck
- ^ Justification of the conservation ordinance for the garden city "Neu-Tempelhof". Development and description of the area. (No longer available online.) BA Tempelhof-Schöneberg, archived from the original on December 11, 2014 ; Retrieved September 12, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Justification of the conservation ordinance for the garden city "Neu-Tempelhof". Residential complexes of the twenties; Area B 1. (No longer available online.) BA Tempelhof-Schöneberg, archived from the original on December 11, 2014 ; Retrieved September 12, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ LDL Berlin: St. Joseph Hospital
- ^ Justification of the conservation ordinance for the garden city "Neu-Tempelhof". Residential complexes of the twenties; Area B 2. (No longer available online.) BA Tempelhof-Schöneberg, archived from the original on December 11, 2014 ; Retrieved September 12, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Justification of the conservation ordinance for the garden city "Neu-Tempelhof". Residential complexes of the twenties; Area B 3. (No longer available online.) BA Tempelhof-Schöneberg, archived from the original on December 11, 2014 ; Retrieved September 12, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Justification of the conservation ordinance for the garden city "Neu-Tempelhof". Residential complexes of the twenties; Area B 4. (No longer available online.) BA Tempelhof-Schöneberg, archived from the original on December 11, 2014 ; Retrieved September 12, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ LDL Berlin: Residential complex Loewenhardtdamm / Boelckestrasse
- ^ FIS-Broker - aerial photos 1928 Senate Department for Urban Development and Environment.
- ↑ LDL Berlin: Housing complex Badener Ring / Bayernring
- ↑ LDL Berlin: St. Joseph Hospital
- ↑ LDL Berlin: high school and elementary school Tempelhofer Feld
- ↑ LDL Berlin: ev. Church on Tempelhofer Feld
- ↑ LDL Berlin: Catholic St. Judas Thaddäus Church
- ↑ LDL Berlin: Tempelhof S-Bahn small rectifier plant
- ↑ LDL Berlin: large exposure body
- ↑ LDL Berlin: Parkring Neu-Tempelhof
- ↑ Parkring e. V. Gartenstadt Neu-Tempelhof, accessed on December 9, 2014.
- ↑ Berliner Geschichtswerkstatt e. V .: "Pacifists against Fliers" - a district with new street names that never came up. In: Wasn't that much beginning ?! After the end of the war in Berlin in 1945 . Pp. 77-101; berliner-geschichtswerkstatt.de (PDF; 4.7 MB)
- ↑ Ordinance on the preservation of buildings and the urban peculiarities of the "Neu-Tempelhof" area in the Tempelhof district of Berlin from August 29, 1991 ( Memento of the original from December 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and still Not checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
- ↑ Ralf Schönball: "I was affected, not offended". Urban Development Senator Michael Müller. In: Der Tagesspiegel. August 9, 2014, accessed December 9, 2014 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 28 ′ 41.5 " N , 13 ° 22 ′ 43.4" E