Hardangervidda National Park

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Hardangervidda National Park
Hardangervidda National Park (Norway)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Coordinates: 60 ° 7 ′ 0 ″  N , 7 ° 20 ′ 0 ″  E
Location: Viken , Vestfold og Telemark , Vestland , Norway
Next city: Eidfjord , Haukeliseter
Surface: 3,422 km²
Founding: April 10, 1981
The national parks in southern Norway (Hardangervidda has number 2)
The national parks in southern Norway (Hardangervidda has number 2)
Landscape in the park
Landscape in the park
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The Hardangervidda National Park ( Norwegian Hardangervidda nasjonalpark ) is the largest national park in Norway with 3,422 km² . It belongs to the provinces of Vestland , Vestfold og Telemark and Viken and borders the Hardangervidda high plateau, which is the largest plateau in Europe . The name Hardangervidda comes from the province of Hardanger and the Norwegian word vidde , which means high plateau .

The park was established in 1981 and is now a popular area for hiking , climbing , fishing, and cross-country skiing . The Norwegian Trekking Association maintains numerous trails and self-catering huts throughout the park. The Bergen Railway and Reichsstraße 7 run through the park.

The Hardangervidda has a considerable number of arctic animals and plants. The herds of mountain reindeer living in the park are among the largest in the world.

As in other national parks in Norway, numerous prehistoric relics of reindeer hunting were found throughout the park .

Geography, landscape and geology

The Hardangervidda Plateau is the largest trunk area in Europe with around 6,500 km² . The average height is 1,100 moh , the highest point in the park is the Hardangerjøkulen glacier with 1,863 moh . Despite its size of 3,422 km², the 1,690 meter high Hårteigen can be seen from almost every point in the park.

The landscape in the park is characterized by bare, treeless moorland , which is criss-crossed by numerous ponds , lakes , rivers and streams . The landscape in the park changes considerably from west to east. While glaciers, mountains and lush meadows dominate the landscape in the west, in the east of the park it consists mainly of hills and smaller mountains with barren meadows, moors and lakes. With peaks of 1,000 mm of rain per year, more precipitation falls in the western part of the park.

The shape of the mountains has been significantly influenced by the ice ages in the last millennia. So there are z. B. hardly any pointed peaks and sharp notches. The mountains originated mainly in the Precambrian , Cambrian and Silurian .

Flora and fauna

There are no trees in the entire park, only bushes or shrubs, as the entire area is above the tree line . Also due to the altitude, Hardangervidda has an arctic climate . Due to the climate, some arctic animals and plants live in the park that are otherwise no longer to be found in the whole of Europe. A total of 24 mammals, 114 bird species and over 500 plant species live in the park.

The largest herd of mountain reindeer consisted of around 15,000 animals in 1996 and around 8,000 in 2008. During the year the reindeer roam all of Hardangervidda. The reindeer migrate in spring from the winter pastures in the east of the plateau to the higher, more nutritious summer pastures of the western Hardangervidda, where the offspring are born.

Although there are larger meadows and bogs in the east of the park, the flora in the rainy west of the park is much more diverse. However, this biodiversity consists mainly of numerous grasses , mosses (especially peat moss ) and lichens .

9000-5000 years ago, the Atlantic period ( Stone Age ), the climate was milder than it is today, so that almost all of the Hardangervidda was forested what one with found in bogs, today conserved forest pine trunks could prove. Due to global warming , it could be the same one day.

heritage Site

The area of ​​the national park has been inhabited by people for thousands of years, which can also be proven by the remains of Stone Age settlements. There were also numerous roads that connected the west with the east of Norway at the time. An example of this is the Nordmannsslepa , which connected Eidfjord and Veggli in the Numedal valley with Hol and Uvdal .

Tourism and administration

The national park has two information centers. On the one hand the Hardangervidda Natursenter in Eidfjord and the Hardangervidda Nasjonalparksenter in Tinn , which reopened in summer 2013.

There are several overnight huts in Hardangervidda that are run by the Norwegian Trekking Association .

activities
West side of Hardangerjøkulen and trekking on the plateau
  • Trekking , ( skiing and cycling ) hiking are popular holiday activities in the national park. There is an extensive network of hiking trails and managed and unmanaged huts of the Norwegian hiking association DNT . However, these are closed in winter. The everyone's right allows free camping and sleeping in nature.
  • The troll railway is a small railway intended for excursions with children. It sails between Vøringsfoss and Måbø Gård Museum between June and August.
  • Draisine ride on the disused Numedalbahn line.

Picture gallery

  • The Hårteigen in Hardangervidda

  • Map weaving on a stone in Hardangervidda

  • View of the plateau

See also

Movie

  • Hardangervidda - A national park in Norway. Documentary, Norway, 2010, 51:20 min., Script and direction: Arvid Aga, production: Nordic World, German-language first broadcast: June 13, 2013 on Servus TV , table of contents .

Web links

Commons : Hardangervidda  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marit Eikemo: Ny kunnskapsstatus for De nordiske hav. ( Memento of the original from February 27, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bjerknes.uib.no archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Bjerknessenteret for klimaforskning er et samarbeid mellom Universitetet i Bergen , September 20, 2005.