Zamość
Zamość | ||
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Basic data | ||
State : | Poland | |
Voivodeship : | Lublin | |
Powiat : | District-free city | |
Area : | 30.48 km² | |
Geographic location : | 50 ° 43 ' N , 23 ° 15' E | |
Height : | 212 m npm | |
Residents : | 63,511 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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Postal code : | 22-400 to 22-410 | |
Telephone code : | (+48) 84 | |
License plate : | LZ | |
Economy and Transport | ||
Street : | Warsaw - Lviv | |
Rail route : | Warsaw - Lviv | |
Next international airport : | Lublin-Świdnik | |
Gmina | ||
Gminatype: | Borough | |
Surface: | 30.48 km² | |
Residents: | 63,511 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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Population density : | 2084 inhabitants / km² | |
Community number ( GUS ): | 0664011 | |
Administration (as of 2014) | ||
City President : | Andrzej Wnuk | |
Address: | Rynek Wielki 13 22-400 Zamość |
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Website : | www.zamosc.pl |
Zamość [ ˈzamɔɕt͡ɕ ] is a city in the Lublin Voivodeship in the south-eastern part of Poland . It is located around 240 km south-east of the capital Warsaw and 110 km north-west of Lemberg ( Ukraine ) in the Roztocze region .
The independent city is the seat of the district Zamość , the independent rural municipality Zamość and was the capital of the voivodeship of the same name .
The city was built from 1578 according to the ideas of the Venetian master builder Bernardo Morando in the style of the Italian Renaissance , which earned it the name Padua of the North . The Old Town is one since 1992 the World Heritage of UNESCO .
geography
The plateau (around 200 m npm ) is rich in forest and is cut through by the Wieprz and Tanew rivers , two eastern tributaries of the Vistula . In the north - near the town of Krasnystaw and the village Skierbieszów - was in July 1915, a long trench war over in a march to the east.
history
The city owes its name to its founder Jan Zamoyski , who u. a. had studied in Padua and from 1576, at the time of the Lublin Union with Lithuania , held the highest state offices.
In 1720, a synod of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church took place in Zamość , where important decisions on the reform of the liturgy were taken.
Between 1772 and 1809 the city belonged to Austria as part of the Crown Land of Galicia , from 1783 the seat of the Zamosc district , from 1809 to 1815 to the Duchy of Warsaw and for the next 100 years to the Congress Poland, which was under Russian rule .
In the interwar period , the region (Wyżyna Lubelska) was almost in the center of Poland and was formerly called Volhynia , with the now Ukrainian areas east of the Bug .
During the Second World War , the region belonged to the German General Government (1939–1944), which was established in occupied Poland. The head of the district was Helmut Weihenmaier at this time . Part of the Jewish population was able to flee from the occupation, several thousand Jews were interned in the Zamość ghetto together with deported Jews and murdered in the extermination camps .
In Aktion Zamość , the Polish majority of the population was supposed to be " Germanized " by German settlers who were organized as "military farmers" in the SS Landwacht Zamosc and came mainly from Bessarabia and Croatia . In that time the city was in the plans the name Himmler city , later plow city . In 1944 the city was finally liberated by the Red Army; the region was a border area with the Soviet Union from 1945 to August 1991 , then until today border area with Ukraine.
From 1975 to 1998 the city was the seat of the Zamość Voivodeship, which became part of the Lublin Voivodeship in 1999 as part of a regional reform.
The noble family of the Zamoyski was harassed by the National Socialists and later by the Communists . Marcin Zamoyski , a member of the family, was may 1990–1992, 2002–2014, and 1992–1994 voivode of the Zamość voivodeship. Andrzej Wnuk has been the city president since 2014.
Attractions
- The town hall with a curved flight of stairs and a 52 m high octagonal clock tower on the Great Market.
- The Haus zum Engel is considered the most magnificent of the so-called Armenian houses on the Great Market. It has housed the Zamojskie Regional History Museum since 1941 .
- Old town, planned and built by Bernardo Morando (approx. 1540–1600) as an “ideal city”, with fortresses and colorful, richly decorated town houses, since 1992 a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- The collegiate church , also built from 1587 to 1630 according to a design by Bernardo Morando, is one of Poland's most beautiful churches from the Mannerist period . It is the cathedral church of the Zamość-Lubaczów diocese , which has existed since 1992 .
traffic
Airfield
The Zamość-Mokre airfield ( ICAO code EPZA) with two grass runways of 800 and 600 m in length is located on the territory of the rural municipality .
Rural commune of Zamość
The independent city is surrounded by an independent rural community . The Gmina wiejska Zamość (until 1973 Gmina Mokre) has an area of 196 km² and 23,166 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).
Personalities
Sons and daughters
- Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski (1627–1665), Polish nobleman and magnate, general and civil servant in the Republic of Poland-Lithuania
- Alexander Zederbaum (1816–1893), Hebrew-Yiddish writer; Hebrew journalism pioneer
- Itzhok Lejb Perez (1852–1915), writer; Co-founder of modern Yiddish literature and Jewish fiction
- Irene Lieblich (1923–2008), poet, painter and illustrator
- Rosa Luxemburg (1871–1919), communist politician; In March 2018 the Lublin voivode had the plaque attached to the house where she was born removed as “communist propaganda”.
- Leopold Skulski (1877–1939 / 1940), chemist, politician and Prime Minister
- Joseph Epstein (1911–1944), Polish communist; from 1931 in exile in France; as "Colonel Gilles" fighter of the Resistance .
- Marek Grechuta (1945–2006), singer and composer
- Anna Solecka (* 1954), painter and photographer
- Piotr Szewc (* 1961), poet, prose writer, essayist and literary critic
- Beata Ścibakówna (* 1968), actress
- Anna Jakubczak (* 1973), track and field athlete
- Jakub Julian Ziółkowski (* 1980), painter
- Przemysław Tytoń (* 1987), Polish football player
Honorary citizen
- Karl-Friedrich Binder (1937–2012), long-time Lord Mayor of the twin town Schwäbisch Hall (awarded in 1995)
- John Paul II (1920–2005), Pope
- Lech Wałęsa (* 1943), politician and Nobel Peace Prize laureate
Town twinning
Zamość lists the following eight partner cities :
city | country | since |
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Bardejov | Prešovský kraj, Slovakia | 2003 |
Fountain Hills | Arizona, United States | 2014 |
Loughborough | England, UK | 1998 |
Lutsk | Volyn, Ukraine | 2005 |
Shovkva | Lviv, Ukraine | 1991 |
Schwäbisch Hall | Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany | 1989 |
Sighișoara | Transylvania, Romania | 2007 |
Sumy | Ukraine | |
Weimar | Thuringia, Germany | 2012 |
See also
literature
- Ralf Piorr (Ed.): Without Return. The deportation of the Jews from the administrative district of Arnsberg to Zamość in April 1942 (= series of publications of the Steinwache Dortmund Memorial , Vol. 1). Klartext, Essen 2012, ISBN 978-3-8375-0333-3 .
- Hans-Joachim Rieseberg, Eberhard Sommer: Reconstruction and restoration of historical cityscapes in Poland . publica Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-89087-024-4 .
- Fritz Stuber : Notes on the revaluation of historic cities in Poland . In: Swiss engineer and architect , year 104, no. 21. Zurich 1986, pp. 506–516.
- Piotr Szewc : The Book of One Day. Zamość, July 1934 (Zagłada). Translated by Esther Kinsky . Edition FotoTapeta, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-940524-15-7 .
- Zygmunt Klukowski : Diary from the years of the occupation: 1939–1944 . Editors Christine Glauning, Ewelina Wanke. Introduction Ingrid Loose. Translation of Karsten Wanke. Metropol, Berlin 2017.
Web links
- Official website of the city (in several languages)
- Georg Braun : Illustration of the city 1617 in Civitates orbis terrarum
- Spherical panorama
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ deathcamps.org: Ghetto Zamość
- ↑ http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/564
- ↑ Coordinates: 50 ° 42 ′ N , 23 ° 12 ′ E
- ↑ On the further administrative history of Gmina (Polish)
- ↑ https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/1083392.rosa-luxemburg-ich-war-ich-bin-ich-werde-sein.html
- ^ Miasta partnerskie - Zamość. Retrieved April 28, 2019 .
- ↑ twinning between the city of Weimar and Zamość on weimar.de , accessed December 18, 2018