Joseph Othmar von Rauscher

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Cardinal Joseph Othmar Ritter von Rauscher
Coat of arms Cardinal Joseph Othmar Ritter von Rauscher, Archbishop of Vienna

Joseph Othmar Ritter of Rauscher (* 6. October 1797 in Vienna , † 24. November 1875 ibid) was from 1849 to 1853 prince bishop of Seckau , 1853-1861 Roman Catholic Archbishop of Vienna and 1861-1875 Prince Archbishop of Vienna , and Cardinal from 1855 to 1875 with the titular church of Santa Maria della Vittoria in Rome .

Life

Joseph Othmar von Rauscher was the eldest son of the Imperial and Royal Councilor Franz Seraph Ritter von Rauscher (1753–1837; hereditary nobility: May 26, 1808; knighthood: July 12, 1828). He studied law in Vienna from 1816, first of all . There he met Klemens Maria Hofbauer and began studying theology in 1820 . He was ordained a priest on August 21, 1823 . From 1825 he was professor for church history and canon law in the Lyceum in Salzburg . From 1832 he was director of the Oriental Academy in Vienna. He was appointed Prince-Bishop of Seckau in 1849 . The Archbishop of Salzburg , Friedrich zu Schwarzenberg , donated him his episcopal ordination on April 15, 1849. On March 26, 1853, he was appointed Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Vienna and on December 17, 1855, he was promoted to Cardinal. He was assigned the titular church of Santa Maria della Vittoria in Rome . He was a member of the Congregation of the Roman and General Inquisition , the Council Congregation , the Propaganda Congregation, and the Extraordinary Affairs Section of the State Secretariat .

He was instrumental in the conclusion of the Concordat between the Catholic Church and the Imperial House. It was signed on August 18, 1855 and ended Josephinism .

In 1856 he founded the Archbishop's College for Boys in Vienna VI.

From 1861 he also held the title of Prince Archbishop and, as a member of the manor house, had a seat in the Imperial Council .

In 1868, Franz Schmid, mayor of the small community of Unter-Lanzendorf near Vienna, protested against the archbishop's visit to the parish of Maria-Lanzendorf , because he was of the opinion that Othmar von Rauscher's church policy was in contradiction to the new constitutional law on the general rights of citizens . The Wiener Kirchenzeitung responded with two hostile articles, which even appeared as specials.

Othmar von Rauscher saw himself as a defender of church marriage and described civil marriage in a pastoral letter as a “sinful cohabitation”.

He also attended the First Vatican Council and was a leader of the inopportunists who opposed the dogma of the Pope's infallibility because they saw it as inopportune. He left Rome on July 17, 1870 (the day before the resolution was passed). He recognized the dogma itself. The dogma of infallibility led the government to repeal the Concordat in 1870.

He was awarded the Grand Cross of the St. Stephan Order and the Grand Cross of the Leopold Order .

Fonts (selection)

  • History of the Christian Church . Seidl, Sulzbach 1829. - Full text online: Volume 1/2 , Volume 2/2 .
  • Shepherd's letter (Gratz). In:  Wiener Zeitung , No. 181/1853 (part 1/2), July 31, 1853, p. 1806 f. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrz.
  • Pastoral letters, sermons, salutations . Manz, Vienna 1858. - Full text online
  • The Pope and Italy: a Pastoral Letter . Gerhard, Leipzig 1860. (Attached works: Villemain : France, the Empire and the Papacy as well as Hippolyte Castille : Napoleon III. And the clergy ). - Full text online
  • The secular rule of the Holy See. Speech given at the congregation of the St. Michaels Brotherhood on January 25, 1863 . Jacob & Holzhausen, Vienna 1863. - archive.org .
  • The state without God. Shepherd's letter to the Archdiocese of Vienna, issued on January 25, 1865 . Mayer, Vienna 1865. - Full text online
  • Address by Sr. Eminence of the Most Revered Cardinal Prince-Archbishop of Vienna, given at the oath of the voluntary Tyrolean snipers in the Metropolitan Church near St. Stephan on June 12, 1866 as well as the Second Shepherd's Letter (...) . Carl Sartori, Vienna 1866. - archive.org .
  • Danger and rescue. Pastoral letter from his Eminence (...) . (Second edition). Carl Sartori, Vienna 1866. - archive.org .
  • Marriage and the second chapter of the civil code . (Second edition). Braumüller, Vienna 1868. - Full text online
  • The General Council of the Vatican. Two pastoral letters . Braumüller, Vienna 1870. - Full text online

reception

Named after him are the Rauscherstrasse in the 2nd and 20th districts Leopoldstadt and Brigittenau (1869), the Othmargasse (1869) and the Kardinal-Rauscher-Hof in the 20th district, and the Kardinal-Rauscher-Platz in the 15th district Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus  (1891). The Othmarkirche in Vienna-Landstrasse was also consecrated to St. Othmar in gratitude for his support .

Trivia

On the evening of April 24, 1854, Archbishop Rauscher married the imperial couple Franz Joseph I and Elisabeth in Vienna's Augustinian Church . Rauscher gave an extremely flowery, rambling speech which is said to have earned him the nickname "Archbishop Plauscher".

literature

Web links

Commons : Joseph Othmar von Rauscher  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Your Eminence Cardinal Rauscher. In:  Linzer Volksblatt für Stadt und Land , No. 272/1875 (VII. Year), November 27, 1875, p. 1 (unpaginated). (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / lvb.
  2. ↑ Annuario Pontificio , 1870 edition, p. 74.
  3. ^ The protest note from Unter Lanzendorf. In: Wiener Kirchenzeitung. August 29, 1868, No. 35/1868, pp. 547-550, online (Image 132);
    Another answer to the protest from Unter-Lanzendorf. In: Wiener Kirchenzeitung. September 19, 1868, No. 38/1868, pp. 593 ff., Online (Image 178).
  4. ↑ Two answers to the protest from Unter-Lanzendorf. In memory of the canonical visitation of the parish Maria Lanzendorf by His (ine) Eminence Cardinal Rauscher (...) on September 9th and 10th, 1868 . Ludwig Wagner, Vienna 1868, OBV .
  5. ↑ The celebrations at the wedding (...). In:  Morgen-Post , No. 98/1854 (Volume IV), April 25, 1854, p. 1 f. (unpaginated). (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / maintenance / mop.
  6. ^ Maria Schad: Elisabeth of Austria . dtv , Munich 1998, ISBN 3-423-31079-0 , p. 13 ( online at dtv.de , accessed on March 11, 2015).
predecessor Office successor
Roman Franz Xaver Sebastian Zängerle Bishop of Seckau
1849-1853 		Ottokar Maria Graf von Attems
Vincenz Eduard Milde Archbishop of Vienna
1853–1875 		Johann Rudolf Kutschker
personal data
SURNAME Rauscher, Joseph Othmar von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rauscher, Josef Othmar Ritter von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archbishop of Vienna
DATE OF BIRTH October 6, 1797
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH November 24, 1875
Place of death Vienna