Congressional elections in the United States

The Elections in the United States occur in every even-numbered year on Tuesday after November 1st. All seats in the House of Representatives and one third of the seats in the Senate are available for election . The House of Representatives has had 435 seats since 1913, and the Senate has had 100 seats since 1960. Prior to the adoption of the 17th Amendment in 1913, the senators were not elected directly, but were determined by the state parliaments. The relevant elections took place on different dates, in some cases before March 4th in the year the Congress was constituted.

In every year divisible by four, the congressional elections take place at the same time as the election of the president and vice-president . Congressional elections that do not take place at the same time as the presidential election are called mid-term elections because they occur in the middle of the presidential term. If the president and the majority of one or both chambers of Congress belong to different parties, one speaks of a divided government .

Results of the congressional elections since 1789
congress	year	Majority in Congress		president
congress	year	House of Representatives	senate	president
From the foundation to the civil war (1789–1861)
1.	1788/89	Federalists	Federalists	George Washington (independent)
2.	1790	Federalists	Federalists
3.	1792	Federalists	Federalists
4th	1794	The rep.	Federalists
5.	1796	Federalists	Federalists	John Adams (federalist)
6th	1798	Federalists	Federalists	John Adams (federalist)
7th	1800	The rep.	Federalists / Dem-Rep.	Thomas Jefferson (Dem-Rep.)
8th.	1802	The rep.	The rep.
9.	1804	The rep.	The rep.
10.	1806	The rep.	The rep.
11.	1808	The rep.	The rep.	James Madison (Dem-Rep.)
12.	1810	The rep.	The rep.
13.	1812	The rep.	The rep.
14th	1814	The rep.	The rep.
15th	1816	The rep.	The rep.	James Monroe (Dem-Rep.)
16.	1818	The rep.	The rep.
17th	1820	The rep.	The rep.
18th	1822	The rep.	The rep.
19th	1824	The rep.	The rep.	John Quincy Adams (Dem-Rep.)
20th	1826	Democrats	Democrats	John Quincy Adams (Dem-Rep.)
21st	1828	Democrats	Democrats	Andrew Jackson (Democrat)
22nd	1830	Democrats	Democrats
23.	1832	Democrats	Nat.-Rep.
24.	1834	Democrats	Democrats
25th	1836	Democrats	Democrats	Martin Van Buren (Democrat)
26th	1838	Democrats	Democrats	Martin Van Buren (Democrat)
27.	1840	Whigs	Whigs	William Henry Harrison †, John Tyler (Whigs)
28.	1842	Democrats	Whigs	William Henry Harrison †, John Tyler (Whigs)
29	1844	Democrats	Democrats	James K. Polk (Democrat)
30th	1846	Whigs	Democrats	James K. Polk (Democrat)
31.	1848	Democrats	Democrats	Zachary Taylor † Millard Fillmore (Whigs)
32.	1850	Democrats	Democrats	Zachary Taylor † Millard Fillmore (Whigs)
33.	1852	Democrats	Democrats	Franklin Pierce (Democrat)
34.	1854	republican	Democrats	Franklin Pierce (Democrat)
35.	1856	Democrats	Democrats	James Buchanan (Democrat)
36.	1858	republican	Democrats	James Buchanan (Democrat)
From the Civil War to the Second World War (1861–1945)
37.	1860	republican	republican	Abraham Lincoln (Republican)
38.	1862	republican	republican	Abraham Lincoln (Republican)
39.	1864	republican	republican	Abraham Lincoln † (Republican), Andrew Johnson ( Unionist )
40.	1866	republican	republican	Abraham Lincoln † (Republican), Andrew Johnson ( Unionist )
41.	1868	republican	republican	Ulysses S. Grant (Republican)
42.	1870	republican	republican
43.	1872	republican	republican
44.	1874	Democrats	republican
45.	1876	Democrats	republican	Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican)
46.	1878	Democrats	Democrats	Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican)
47.	1880	republican	republican	James A. Garfield †, Chester A. Arthur (Republican)
48.	1882	Democrats	republican	James A. Garfield †, Chester A. Arthur (Republican)
49.	1884	Democrats	republican	Grover Cleveland (Democrat)
50.	1886	Democrats	republican	Grover Cleveland (Democrat)
51.	1888	republican	republican	Benjamin Harrison (Republican)
52.	1890	Democrats	republican	Benjamin Harrison (Republican)
53.	1892	Democrats	Democrats	Grover Cleveland (Democrat)
54.	1894	republican	republican	Grover Cleveland (Democrat)
55.	1896	republican	republican	William McKinley (Republican)
56.	1898	republican	republican	William McKinley (Republican)
57.	1900	republican	republican	Theodore Roosevelt (Republican)
58.	1902	republican	republican
59.	1904	republican	republican
60.	1906	republican	republican
61.	1908	republican	republican	William Howard Taft (Republican)
62.	1910	Democrats	republican	William Howard Taft (Republican)
63.	1912	Democrats	Democrats	Woodrow Wilson (Democrat)
64.	1914	Democrats	Democrats
65.	1916	republican	Democrats
66.	1918	republican	republican
67.	1920	republican	republican	Warren G. Harding †, Calvin Coolidge (Republicans)
68.	1922	republican	republican
69.	1924	republican	republican
70.	1926	republican	republican
71.	1928	republican	republican	Herbert Hoover (Republican)
72.	1930	republican	republican	Herbert Hoover (Republican)
73.	1932	Democrats	Democrats	Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democrat)
74.	1934	Democrats	Democrats
75.	1936	Democrats	Democrats
76.	1938	Democrats	Democrats
77.	1940	Democrats	Democrats
78.	1942	Democrats	Democrats
79.	1944	Democrats	Democrats
The time after the Second World War (from 1945)
80.	1946	republican	republican	Harry S. Truman (Democrat)
81.	1948	Democrats	Democrats
82.	1950	Democrats	Democrats
83.	1952	republican	republican	Dwight D. Eisenhower (Republican)
84.	1954	Democrats	Democrats
85.	1956	Democrats	Democrats
86.	1958	Democrats	Democrats
87.	1960	Democrats	Democrats	John F. Kennedy †, Lyndon B. Johnson (Democrats)
88	1962	Democrats	Democrats
89.	1964	Democrats	Democrats
90.	1966	Democrats	Democrats
91.	1968	Democrats	Democrats	Richard Nixon , Gerald Ford (Republicans)
92.	1970	Democrats	Democrats
93.	1972	Democrats	Democrats
94.	1974	Democrats	Democrats
95.	1976	Democrats	Democrats	Jimmy Carter (Democrat)
96.	1978	Democrats	Democrats	Jimmy Carter (Democrat)
97.	1980	Democrats	republican	Ronald Reagan (Republican)
98	1982	Democrats	republican
99	1984	Democrats	republican
100.	1986	Democrats	Democrats
101.	1988	Democrats	Democrats	George Bush (Republican)
102.	1990	Democrats	Democrats	George Bush (Republican)
103.	1992	Democrats	Democrats	Bill Clinton (Democrat)
104.	1994	republican	republican
105.	1996	republican	republican
106.	1998	republican	republican
107.	2000	republican	Democrats	George W. Bush (Republican)
108.	2002	republican	republican
109.	2004	republican	republican
110.	2006	Democrats	Democrats
111.	2008	Democrats	Democrats	Barack Obama (Democrat)
112.	2010	republican	Democrats
113.	2012	republican	Democrats
114.	2014	republican	republican
115.	2016	republican	republican	Donald Trump (Republican)
116.	2018	Democrats	republican	Donald Trump (Republican)

Individual evidence

^ Party Divisions of the House of Representatives (1789 to Present). (No longer available online.) Office of the Clerk, United States House of Representative, archived from the original on October 25, 2011 ; Retrieved August 11, 2007 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
^ Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present. United States Senate Historical Office, accessed August 11, 2007 .

[1] Party Divisions of the House of Representatives (1789 to Present). (No longer available online.) Office of the Clerk, United States House of Representative, archived from the original on October 25, 2011 ; Retrieved August 11, 2007 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[2] Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present. United States Senate Historical Office, accessed August 11, 2007 .