40th United States Congress

The 40th United States Congress , made up of the House and Senate , was the United States' legislature . Its legislative term lasted from March 4, 1867 to March 4, 1869. All members of the House of Representatives and a third of the senators ( Class III ) were elected in the 1866 congressional elections. This resulted in a majority for the Republican Party in both chambers . The only remaining role for the Democratic Party was in the opposition. The congress met in the American capital Washington, DC President was Andrew Johnson . The United States actually consisted of 37 states at the time. At the time of the election, the former states of the Confederation, with the exception of Tennessee, had not yet been re-accepted into the Union and were not represented in Congress. In the course of the legislative period, six former secession states - Arkansas , Florida , Alabama , North Carolina , Louisiana , and South Carolina - were re-admitted to the Union and provided with congressional representatives. Thus, at the end of the legislative period of the 40th Congress, there were 33 US states represented in Congress. Only in the following legislative period between January and July 1870 with Virginia , Mississippi , Texas and Georgia, the last four former secession states were reintegrated into the Union and provided with congressional representatives. So there were all 37 US states with congressional representations. For the first time, on March 1, 1867, the 37th state ( Nebraska ) was represented in Congress. The distribution of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1860 census .

Important events

See also 1867, 1868 and 1869

• March 4, 1867: beginning of the legislative period of the 40th Congress

The Indian wars continue throughout the legislative period . In addition, the reconstruction time continues. In addition, the political relationship between the two parties is tense because of the reconstruction policy, among other things.

• March 30, 1867: The United States bought the territory of the future state of Alaska from Russia. See also Alaska Purchase .
• February 24, 1868: Beginning of the then narrowly failed impeachment proceedings against President Johnson.
• July 22, 1868: Ratification of the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution .
• July 25, 1868: Establishment of the Wyoming Territory .
• November 3, 1868: US presidential and congressional elections. Republican Ulysses S. Grant is elected new president. He took office on March 4, 1869. In Congress, the Republicans maintain their majorities in both chambers.
• December 25, 1868: Outgoing President Johnson pardons all officials of the former Confederate States .

The main laws

During the session of the 40th Congress, the following federal laws were passed ( see also: Legislative procedure ):

• March 1867 to March 1868 four laws under the Reconstruction Act
• July 27, 1868: Expatriation Act of 1868

Composition according to parties

senate

• Democratic Party: 8
• Republican Party: 45
• Others (0
• Vacant: 21 (including 20 seats from 10 former Confederate states)

Total: 74 as of the beginning of the legislature, excluding the former southern states except Tennessee

• Democratic Party: 9
• Republican Party: 55
• Others (0
• Vacant: 10 (including the seats of the four former Confederate states that are still missing)

Total: 74 at the end of the legislative period

House of Representatives

• Democratic Party: 45
• Republican Party: 140
• Others: 3
• Vacant: 55 (including seats from the former Confederate states except Tennessee)

Total: 243 as of the beginning of the legislative period without the former southern states

• Democratic Party: 45
• Republican Party: 170
• Others: 5
• Vacant: 23 (including the seats of the four outstanding former Confederate states)

Total: 243 at the end of the legislative period

There were also eight congressional delegates who were not entitled to vote

Public officials

senate

• President of the Senate : Vacant
• President pro tempore : Benjamin Wade (R)

House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House of Representatives : Schuyler Colfax (R) until March 3, 1869. Then for one day Theodore Medad Pomeroy (R)

Senate members

The following senators represented their respective states in the 40th Congress:

Alabama 2. Willard Warner (R) from July 13, 1868 3. George E. Spencer (R) from July 13, 1868 Arkansas 2. Alexander McDonald (R) from June 22, 1868 3. Benjamin F. Rice (R) from June 23, 1868 California 1. John Conness (R) 3. Cornelius Cole (R) Connecticut 1. James Dixon (R) 3. Orris S. Ferry (R) Delaware 1. George R. Riddle (D) until March 29, 1867 James A. Bayard (D) from April 11, 1867 2. Willard Saulsbury (D) Florida 1. Adonijah Welch (R) from June 17, 1868 3. Thomas W. Osborn (R) from June 25, 1868 Georgia 2. Vacant 3. Vacant Illinois 2. Richard Yates (R) 3. Lyman Trumbull (R) Indiana 1. Thomas A. Hendricks (D) 3. Oliver Morton (R) Iowa 2. James W. Grimes (R) 3. James Harlan (R) Kansas 2. Edmund Gibson Ross (R) 3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R) Kentucky 2. James Guthrie (D) until February 7, 1868 Thomas C. McCreery (D) from February 19, 1868 3. Garrett Davis (D) Louisiana 2. John S. Harris (R) from July 8, 1868 3. William P. Kellogg (R) from July 9, 1868 Maine 1. Lot M. Morrill (R) 2. William P. Fessenden (R) Maryland 1. Reverdy Johnson (D) until July 10, 1868 William Pinkney Whyte (D) from July 13, 1868 3. George Vickers (D) from March 7, 1868 Massachusetts 1. Charles Sumner (R) 2. Henry Wilson (R) Michigan 1. Zachariah Chandler (R) 2. Jacob M. Howard (R) Minnesota 1. Alexander Ramsey (R) 2. Daniel Sheldon Norton (R)

Mississippi 1. Vacant 2. Vacant Missouri 1. John B. Henderson (R) 3. Charles D. Drake (R) Nebraska 1. Thomas Tipton (R) 2. John M. Thayer (R) Nevada 1. William M. Stewart (R) 3. James W. Nye (R) New Hampshire 2. Aaron H. Cragin (R) 3. James W. Patterson (R) New Jersey 1. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R) 2. Alexander G. Cattell (R) new York 1. Edwin D. Morgan (R) 3. Roscoe Conkling (R) North Carolina 2. Joseph Carter Abbott (R) from July 14, 1868 3. John Pool (R) from July 14, 1868 Ohio 1. Benjamin Wade (R) 3. John Sherman (R) Oregon 2. George H. Williams (R) 3. Henry W. Corbett (R) Pennsylvania 1. Charles R. Buckalew (D) 3. Simon Cameron (R) Rhode Island 1. William Sprague (R) 2. Henry B. Anthony (R) South carolina 2. Thomas J. Robertson (R) from July 15, 1868 3. Frederick A. Sawyer (R) from July 16, 1868 Tennessee 1. David T. Patterson (D) 2. Joseph S. Fowler (R) Texas 1. Vacant 2. Vacant Vermont 1. George F. Edmunds (R) 3. Justin Smith Morrill (R) Virginia 1. Vacant 2. Vacant West Virginia 1. Peter G. Van Winkle (U) 2. Waitman T. Willey (R) Wisconsin 1. James Rood Doolittle (R) 3. Timothy Otis Howe (R)

Members of the House of Representatives

The following congressmen represented the interests of their respective states in the 40th Congress:

Alabama 6 constituencies 1. Francis William Kellogg (R) from July 22, 1868 2. Charles Waldron Buckley (R) from July 21, 1868 3. Benjamin White Norris (R) from July 21, 1868 4. Charles Wilson Pierce (R) from July 21, 1868 5. John Benton Callis (R) from July 21, 1868 6. Thomas Haughey (R) from July 21, 1868 Arkansas 3 constituencies 1. Logan Holt Roots (R) from June 22, 1868 2. James M. Hinds (R) from June 22, 1868 to October 22, 1868 James T. Elliott (R) from January 13, 1869 3. Thomas Boles (R) from June 22, 1868 California 3 constituencies 1. Samuel Beach Axtell (D) 2. William Higby (R) 3. James Augustus Johnson (D) Connecticut 4 constituencies 1. Richard D. Hubbard (D) 2. Julius Hotchkiss (D) 3. Henry H. Starkweather (R) 4. William Henry Barnum (D) Delaware state-wide choice John A. Nicholson (D) Florida State-wide Charles Memorial Hamilton (R) from July 1, 1868 Georgia 7 constituencies 1. Joseph W. Clift (R) from July 25, 1868 2. Nelson Tift (D) from July 25, 1868 3. William P. Edwards (R) from July 25, 1868 4. Samuel F. Gove (R) from July 25, 1868 5. Charles H. Prince (R) from July 25, 1868 6. Vacant 7. Pierce Young (D) from July 25, 1868 Illinois 13 constituencies plus one state-elected MP 1. Norman B. Judd (R) 2. John F. Farnsworth (R) 3. Elihu Benjamin Washburne (R) 4. Abner C. Harding (R) 5. Ebon C. Ingersoll (R) 6. Burton C. Cook (R) 7. Henry PH Bromwell (R) 8. Shelby Moore Cullom (R) 9. Lewis W. Ross (D) 10. Albert G. Burr (D) 11. Samuel S. Marshall (D) 12. Jehu Baker (R) 13. Green Berry Room (R) 14. John A. Logan (R) Elected to the state Indiana 11 constituencies 1. William E. Niblack (D) 2. Michael C. Kerr (D) 3. Morton C. Hunter (R) 4. William S. Holman (D) 5. George Washington Julian (R) 6. John Coburn (R) 7. Henry Dana Washburn (R) 8. Godlove Stein Orth (R) 9. Schuyler Colfax (R) 10. William Williams (R) 11. John PC Shanks (R) Iowa 6 constituencies 1. James F. Wilson (R) 2. Hiram Price (R) 3. William B. Allison (R) 4. William Loughridge (R) 5. Grenville M. Dodge (R) 6. Asahel W. Hubbard (R) Kansas state election Sidney Clarke (R) Kentucky 9 constituencies 1. Lawrence S. Trimble (D) 2. Vacant 3. Elijah Hise (D) until May 8, 1867 Jacob Golladay (D) from December 5, 1867 4. J. Proctor Knott (D) 5. Asa Grover (D) 6. Thomas Laurens Jones (D) 7. James B. Beck (D) 8. George Madison Adams (D) 9. Samuel McKee (R) from June 22, 1868 Louisiana 5 constituencies 1. J. Hale Sypher (R) from July 18, 1868 2. James Mann (D) from July 18, 1868 to August 26, 1868, 3. Joseph P. Newsham (R) from July 18, 1868 4. Michel Vidal (R) from July 18, 1868 5. W. Jasper Blackburn (R) from July 18, 1868 Maine 5 constituencies 1. John Lynch (R) 2. Sidney Perham (R) 3. James G. Blaine (R) 4. John A. Peters (R) 5. Frederick A. Pike (R) Maryland 5 constituencies. 1. Hiram McCullough (D) 2. Stevenson Archer (D) 3. Charles E. Phelps (C = Conservative Party) 4. Francis Thomas (R) 5. Frederick Stone (D) Massachusetts 10 constituencies 1. Thomas D. Eliot (R) 2. Oakes Ames (R) 3. Twichell Ginery (R) 4. Samuel Hooper (R) 5. Benjamin Franklin Butler (R) 6. Nathaniel Prentiss Banks (R) 7. George S. Boutwell (R) 8. John Denison Baldwin (R) 9. William B. Washburn (R) 10. Henry L. Dawes (R) Michigan 6 constituencies 1. Fernando C. Beaman (R) 2. Charles Upson (R) 3. Austin Blair (R) 4. Thomas W. Ferry (R) 5. Rowland E. Trowbridge (R) 6. John F. Driggs (R) Minnesota 2nd constituency 1. William Windom (R) 2. Ignatius Donnelly (R) Mississippi 5 constituencies 1. Vacant 2. Vacant 3. Vacant 4. Vacant 5. Vacant Missouri 9 constituencies 1. William A. Pile (R) 2. Carman A. Newcomb (R) 3. Thomas Estes Noell (R) until October 3, 1867 James Robinson McCormick (D) from December 17, 1867 4. Joseph J. Gravely (R) 5. Joseph W. McClurg (R) Until 1868, exact date unknown John Hubler Stover (R) from December 7, 1868 6. Robert T. Van Horn (R) 7. Benjamin F. Loan (R) 8. John F. Benjamin (R) 9. George Washington Anderson (R) Nebraska State Choice John Taffe (R) Nevada state-wide election Delos R. Ashley (R) New Hampshire 3 electoral divisions 1. Jacob Hart Ela (R) 2. Aaron Fletcher Stevens (R) 3. Jacob Benton (R) New Jersey 5 constituencies 1. William Moore (R) 2. Charles Haight (D) 3. Charles Sitgreaves (D) 4. John Hill (R) 5. George A. Halsey (R)

New York 31 constituencies. 1. Stephen Taber (D) 2. Demas Barnes (D) 3. William Erigena Robinson (D) 4. John Fox (D) 5. John Morrissey (D) 6. Thomas E. Stewart (CR = Conservative Republican) 7. John Winthrop Chanler (D) 8. James Brooks (D) 9. Fernando Wood (D) 10. William H. Robertson (R) 11. Charles Van Wyck (R) 12. John H. Ketcham (R) 13. Thomas Cornell (R) 14. John VL Pruyn (D) 15. John Augustus Griswold (R) 16. Orange Ferriss (R) 17. Calvin T. Hulburd (R) 18. James M. Marvin (R) 19. William C. Fields (R) 20. Addison H. Laflin (R) 21. Roscoe Conkling (R) until March 4, 1867 Alexander H. Bailey (R) from November 30, 1867 22. John C. Churchill (R) 23. Dennis McCarthy (R) 24. Theodore Medad Pomeroy (R) 25. William H. Kelsey (R) 26. William S. Lincoln (R) 27. Hamilton Ward (R) 28 Lewis Selye (Independent Republicans) 29. Burt Van Horn (R) 30. James M. Humphrey (D) 31. Henry Van Aernam (R) North Carolina 7 constituencies 1. John R. French (R) from July 15, 1868 2. David Heaton (R) from July 25, 1868 3. Oliver H. Dockery (R) from July 13, 1868 4. John T. Deweese (R) from July 6, 1868 5. Israel G. Lash (R) from July 20, 1868 6. Nathaniel Boyden (C) from July 13, 1868 7. Alexander H. Jones (R) from July 6, 1868 Ohio 19 constituencies 1. Benjamin Eggleston (R) 2. Rutherford B. Hayes (R) until July 20, 1867 Samuel Fenton Cary (Independent Republican) from November 21, 1867 3. Robert Cumming Schenck (R) 4. William Lawrence (R) 5. William Mungen (D) 6. Reader W. Clarke (R) 7. Samuel Shellabarger (R) 8. Cornelius S. Hamilton (R) until December 22, 1867 John Beatty (R) from February 5, 1868 9. Ralph Pomeroy Buckland (R) 10. James Mitchell Ashley (R) 11. John Thomas Wilson (R) 12. Philadelph Van Trump (D) 13. George W. Morgan (D) until June 3, 1868 Columbus Delano (R) from June 3, 1868 14. Martin Welker (R) 15. Tobias A. Plants (R) 16. John Bingham (R) 17. Ephraim R. Eckley (R) 18. Rufus P. Spalding (R) 19. James A. Garfield (R) Oregon state-wide election Rufus Mallory (R) Pennsylvania 24 constituencies 1. Samuel J. Randall (D) 2. Charles O'Neill (R) 3. Leonard Myers (R) 4. William D. Kelley (R) 5. Caleb Newbold Taylor (R) 6. Benjamin Markley Boyer (D) 7. John Martin Broomall (R) 8. James Lawrence Getz (D) 9. Thaddeus Stevens (R) until August 11, 1868 Oliver James Dickey (R) from December 7, 1868 10. Henry L. Cake (R) 11. Daniel Myers Van Auken (D) 12. Charles Denison (D) until June 27, 1867 George Washington Woodward (D) from November 21, 1867 13. Ulysses Mercur (R) 14. George Funston Miller (R) 15. Adam John Glossbrenner (D) 16. William Henry Koontz (R) 17. Daniel Johnson Morrell (R) 18. Stephen Fowler Wilson (R) 19. Glenni William Scofield (R) 20. Darwin Abel Finney (R) until August 25, 1868 Solomon Newton Pettis (R) from December 7, 1868 21. John Covode (R) 22. James K. Moorhead (R) 23. Thomas Williams (R) 24. George Van Eman Lawrence (R) Rhode Island 2 electoral districts 1. Thomas Jenckes (R) 2. Nathan Dixon (R) South Carolina 4 electoral divisions 1. Benjamin F. Whittemore (R) from July 18, 1868 2. Christopher C. Bowen (R) from July 18, 1868 3. Manuel S. Corley (R) from July 25, 1868 4. James H. Goss (R) from July 18, 1868 Tennessee 8 constituencies 1. Roderick R. Butler (R) 2. Horace Maynard (R) 3. William Brickly Stokes (R) 4. James Mullins (R) 5. John Trimble (R) 6. Samuel Mayes Arnell (R) 7. Isaac Roberts Hawkins (R) 8. David Alexander Nunn (R) Texas 4 constituencies 1. Vacant 2. Vacant 3. Vacant 4. Vacant Vermont 3 constituencies 1. Frederick E. Woodbridge (R) 2. Luke P. Poland (R) 3. Worthington Curtis Smith (R) Virginia 8 constituencies 1. Vacant 2. Vacant 3. Vacant 4. Vacant 5. Vacant 6. Vacant 7. Vacant 8. Vacant West Virginia 3 constituencies 1. Chester D. Hubbard (R) 2. Bethuel Kitchen (R) 3. Daniel Polsley (R) Wisconsin 6 constituencies 1. Halbert E. Paine (R) 2. Benjamin F. Hopkins (R) 3. Amasa Cobb (R) 4. Charles A. Eldredge (D) 5. Philetus Sawyer (R) 6. Cadwallader C. Washburn (R)

Members of the House of Representatives who are not entitled to vote:

• Arizona Territory : Coles Bashford (Independent)
• Colorado Territory : George M. Chilcott (R)
• Dakota Territory : Walter A. Burleigh (R)
• Idaho Territory : Edward Dexter Holbrook (D)
• Montana Territory : James M. Cavanaugh (D)
• Nebraska Territory : Phineas Warren Hitchcock (R) through March 1, 1867
• New Mexico Territory : Charles P. Clever (D) Sep. 1867 to Feb. 20, 1869
  • José Francisco Chaves (R) from February 20, 1869
• Utah Territory : William Henry Hooper (D)
• Washington Territory : Alvan Flanders (R)

Web links

Commons : 40th United States Congress  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

• bioguide.congress.gov (by entering 40 under Year OR Congress: you get a list of the members of the 40th Congress with a link to the official biographies; English)