65th Congress of the United States
The 65th Congress of the United States , made up of the House and Senate , was the legislature of the United States . Its legislative term lasted from March 4, 1917 to March 4, 1919. All members of the House of Representatives and a third of the Senators ( Class I ) were elected in November 1916 and September for the state of Maine in the congressional elections. The Democratic Party won a majority in the Senate. In the House of Representatives, the Republican Party had the most seats. However, with the help of MPs from smaller parties, the Democrats were able to secure a majority of the seats. President at that time was the Democrat Woodrow Wilson . The Congress met in the American capital Washington, DC The United States at that time consisted of 48 states. The distribution of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1910 census .
Important events
Much of the 65th Congress was marked by the events of World War I , in which the United States had been an active participant since April 6, 1917.
- March 4, 1917: Beginning of the legislature of the 65th Congress. With Jeannette Rankin, a woman is moving into the US House of Representatives for the first time. She represents the state of Montana .
- March 31, 1917: The previous Danish West Indies were transferred to the United States for $ 25 million and named the American Virgin Islands .
- April 2, 1917: President Wilson advises Congress to declare war on Germany. (First World War). This took place on April 6th.
- April 10, 1917: 133 people are killed in the explosion of a munitions factory in Chester , Pennsylvania .
- May 21, 1917: Parts of the city (73 blocks) are destroyed in a fire in Atlanta .
- May 26, 1917: 101 people die in a tornado in Illinois .
- July 1, 1917: Race rioting broke out in East St. Louis in connection with a labor dispute . 250 people are killed.
- July 12, 1917: The Phelps Dodge company identifies over 1,000 suspicious members of the Industrial Workers of the World in Bisbee , Arizona .
- August 1917: The so-called Green Corn Rebellion breaks out in Oklahoma , an uprising against conscription.
- November 24, 1917: Nine police officers are killed in a bomb attack in Milwaukee , Wisconsin .
- December 26, 1917: Most American railways are temporarily placed under the United States Railroad Administration . This is intended to optimize the transport of troops and material during the First World War.
- January 8, 1918: President Wilson announces his 14-point program
- March 4, 1918: The first case of Spanish flu is diagnosed at Camp Fuston, Kansas . This developed into a pandemic that killed several dozen million people around the world by 1920.
- May 12, 1918: The American Post Office begins regular airmail operations.
- November 1918: In the congressional elections, the Republicans win a majority in both chambers.
- November 9, 1918: Armistice in the First World War.
- December 4, 1918: President Wilson traveled by ship to the peace negotiations to Paris . He is the first American president to tour Europe during his tenure.
- January 15, 1919: 21 people die and 150 injured in the molasses disaster in Boston .
- January 16, 1919: The 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution comes into force. This is the prohibition law. It was repealed in 1933 with the 21st amendment to the constitution because of its practical impracticability.
- February 25, 1919: Oregon becomes the first US state to introduce a petroleum tax.
The main laws
During the session of the 65th Congress, the following federal laws were passed ( see also: Legislative procedure ):
- April 6, 1917: Declaration of war on Germany.
- April 24, 1917: First Liberty Bond Act , see Liberty Bonds
- May 12, 1917: Enemy Vessel Confiscation Joint Resolution
- May 12, 1917: First Army Appropriations Act of 1917
- May 18, 1917: Selective Service Act of 1917
- May 29, 1917: Esch Car Service Act of 1917
- June 15, 1917: Emergency Shipping Fund Act of 1917
- June 15, 1917: Second Army Appropriations Act of 1917
- June 15, 1917: Espionage Act of 1917
- August 8, 1917: River and Harbor Act of 1917
- August 10, 1917: Priority of Shipments Act of 1917
- August 10, 1917: Food and Fuel Control Act
- October 1, 1917: Second Liberty Bond Act, see Liberty Bonds
- October 1, 1917: Aircraft Board Act of 1917
- October 3, 1917: War Revenue Act of 1917
- October 5, 1917: Repatriation Act of 1917
- October 6, 1917: Explosives Act of 1917
- October 6, 1917: War Risk Insurance Act of 1917
- October 6, 1917: International Emergency Economic Powers Act
- December 7, 1917: declaration of war on Austria-Hungary
- February 24, 1918: Revenue Act of 1918
- March 8, 1918: Soldiers 'and Sailors' Civil Relief Act
- March 19, 1918: 1918 Standard Time Act
- March 21, 1918: Federal Control Act of 1918
- April 4, 1918: Third Liberty Bond Act, see Liberty Bonds
- April 5, 1918: War Finance Corporation Act
- April 10, 1918: Webb-Pomeree Act
- April 18, 1918: American Forces Abroad Indemnity Act
- April 20, 1918: Destruction of War Materials Act
- April 23, 1918: Pittman Act
- May 9, 1918: Alien Naturalization Act
- May 16, 1918: Housing Act of 1918
- May 16, 1918: Sedition Act of 1918
- May 20, 1918: Departmental Reorganization Act
- May 22, 1918: Passport Control Act
- May 31, 1918: Saulsbury Resolution
- June 27, 1918: Veterans Rehabilitation Act
- July 3, 1918: Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
- July 9, 1918: Fourth Liberty Bond Act, see Liberty Bonds
- July 9, 1918: Army Appropriations Act of 1918
- July 18, 1918: River and Harbor Act of 1918
- July 18, 1918: Charter Rate and Requisition Act of 1918
- October 16, 1918: Immigration Act of 1918
- October 16, 1918: Corrupt Practices Act of 1918
- November 7, 1918: National Bank Consolidation Act of 1918
- November 21, 1918: Food Production Stimulation Act
- February 24, 1919: Child Labor Act of 1919
- February 26, 1919: Grand Canyon Park Act of 1919
- February 26, 1919: Acadia National Park Act of 1919 see Acadia National Park
- March 2, 1919: War Risk Insurance Act of 1919
- March 2, 1919: River and Harbors Act of 1919
- March 3, 1919: Hospitalization Act of 1919
- March 3, 1919: Fifth Liberty Bond Act
- March 4, 1919: Wheat Price Guarantee Act
Composition according to parties
senate
- Democratic Party: 56 (majority)
- Republican Party: 39
- Others (0
- Vacant: 1
Total: 96
House of Representatives
- Democratic Party: 213
- Republican Party: 215
- Others: 5
- Vacant: 2
Total: 435
Note: Four MPs from the splinter parties gave the Democrats a majority.
There were also five congressional delegates who were not entitled to vote
Public officials
senate
- President of the Senate : Thomas Riley Marshall (D)
- President pro tempore : Willard Saulsbury junior (D)
Leadership of the majority party
- Majority swip: J. Hamilton Lewis (D)
Leadership of the minority party
- Minority whip: Charles Curtis (R)
House of Representatives
Leadership of the majority party
- Majority Leader: Claude Kitchin (D)
Leadership of the minority party
- Minority Leader: James Mann (R)
Senate members
The following senators represented their respective states in the 65th Congress:
Members of the House of Representatives
The following congressmen represented the interests of their respective states in the 65th Congress:
Members of the House of Representatives who are not entitled to vote:
-
Alaska Territory : Charles August Sulzer (D) through January 7, 1919
- James Wickersham (R) from January 7th 1919
- Territory of Hawaii : Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole (R)
- Philippines :
- Puerto Rico : Félix Córdova Dávila from August 7, 1917
Web links
- bioguide.congress.gov (by entering 65 under Year OR Congress: you get a list of the members of the 65th Congress with a link to the official biographies; English)