22nd United States Congress

The 22nd United States Congress , made up of the House and Senate , was the United States' legislature . Its legislative period lasted from March 4, 1831 to March 4, 1833. All members of the House of Representatives and a third of the senators ( Class III ) were elected in the 1830 congressional elections. In both chambers, there was a majority for the Democratic Party , whose supporters were then also known as the Jacksonians . At the end of the legislative period, however, there was a stalemate in the Senate. The congress met in the American capital Washington, DC At that time the United States consisted of 24 states. Andrew Jackson was the president . The distribution of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 census .

Important events

See also 1831 1832 and 1833

• March 4, 1831: beginning of the legislative period of the 22nd Congress
• The Indian wars continue throughout the legislative period . See also Indian Removal Act . The nullification crisis with the state of South Carolina is also getting worse.
• August 21, 1831: Nat Turner begins a slave revolt in Virginia , killing at least 55 whites. The uprising will soon be put down. Turner was sentenced to death and executed by rope on November 11, 1831.
• July 10, 1832: President Jackson vetoed a law to continue the Second Bank of the United States . His goal is to break up the bank, which he achieved in the following years.
• July 24, 1832: Benjamin Bonneville leads the first wagon trek across the Rocky Mountains .
• December 3, 1832: President Jackson is re-elected.
• December 28, 1832: Vice President John C. Calhoun resigns.
• 1832: In the congressional elections, the Democrats win a majority in the House of Representatives. The National Republican Party dominates the Senate .
• Early 1833: The nullification crisis with the state of South Carolina is approaching a climax. President Jackson is already mobilizing troops and South Carolina plans to leave the Union. Eventually there is a compromise.

The main laws

During the session of the 22nd Congress, the following federal laws were passed ( see also: Legislative procedure ):

• July 14, 1832: Tariff of 1832
• March 2, 1833: Tariff of 1833 (Compromise Tariff)
• March 2, 1833: Force Bill

Composition according to parties

senate

• Democratic Party (Jacksonians): 23
• National Republican Party (Anti-Jacksonians): 23
• Others: 1 ( Nullifier from South Carolina)
• Vacant: 1

Total: 48 at the end of the legislative period

House of Representatives

• Democratic Party (Jacksonians): 123
• National Republican Party (Anti-Jacksonians): 68
• Anti-Masonic Party : 17
• Others: 4 ( Nullifiers from South Carolina)
• Vacant: 1

Total: 213 at the end of the legislative period

There were also three congressional delegates who were not entitled to vote

Public officials

senate

• President of the Senate : John C. Calhoun (D) until December 28, 1832, after which the office was vacant.
• President per tempore : Samuel Smith (D) until July 9, 1832, then Littleton Waller Tazewell (D) until December 3, 1832 and finally Hugh Lawson White (D)

House of Representatives

• House Speaker : Andrew Stevenson (D)

Senate members

The following senators represented their respective states in the 22nd Congress:

Alabama 2. William R. King (J) 3. Gabriel Moore (J) Connecticut 1. Samuel A. Foot (AJ) 3. Gideon Tomlinson (AJ) Delaware 1. Arnold Naudain (AJ) 2. John Middleton Clayton (AJ) Georgia 2. George Troup (J) 3. John Forsyth (J) Illinois 2. John McCracken Robinson (J) 3. Elias Kane (J) Indiana 1. Robert Hanna (AJ) between August 19, 1831 and January 3, 1832 John Tipton (J) from January 3, 1832 3. William Hendricks (AJ) Kentucky 2. George M. Bibb (J) 3. Henry Clay (AJ) Louisiana 2. Edward Livingston (J) until May 24, 1831 George A. Waggaman (AJ) from November 15, 1831 3. Josiah S. Johnston (AJ) Maine 1. John Holmes (AJ) 2. Peleg Sprague (AJ) Maryland 1. Samuel Smith (J) 3. Ezekiel F. Chambers (AJ) Massachusetts 1. Daniel Webster (AJ) 2. Nathaniel Silsbee (AJ) Mississippi 1. Powhatan Ellis (J) until July 16, 1832 John Black (J) from November 12, 1832 2. George Poindexter (AJ) Missouri 1. Thomas Hart Benton (J) 3. Alexander Buckner (AJ)

New Hampshire 2. Samuel Bell (AJ) 3. Isaac Hill (J) New Jersey 1. Mahlon Dickerson (J) 2. Theodore Frelinghuysen (AJ) new York 1. Charles E. Dudley (J) 3. William L. Marcy (J) until January 1, 1833 Silas Wright (J) from January 4, 1833 North Carolina 2. Bedford Brown (J) 3. Willie Person Mangum (J) Ohio 1. Benjamin Ruggles (AJ) 3. Thomas Ewing (AJ) Pennsylvania 1. Isaac D. Barnard (J) until December 6, 1831 George M. Dallas (J) from December 13, 1831 3. William Wilkins (J) Rhode Island 1. Asher Robbins (AJ) 2. Nehemiah R. Knight (AJ) South carolina 2. Robert Young Hayne (J) until December 3, 1832 John C. Calhoun (N = Nullifier) ​​from December 29, 1832 3. Stephen Decatur Miller (N) until March 2, 1833, after which the seat was vacant Tennessee 1. Felix Grundy (J) 2. Hugh Lawson White (J) Vermont 1. Horatio Seymour (AJ) 3. Samuel Prentiss (AJ) Virginia 1. John Tyler (J) 2. Littleton Waller Tazewell (J) until July 16, 1832 William Cabell Rives (J) from December 10, 1832

Members of the House of Representatives

The following congressmen represented the interests of their respective states in the 22nd Congress:

Alabama 3 constituencies 1. Clement Comer Clay (J) 2. Samuel Wright Mardis (J) 3. Dixon Hall Lewis (J) Connecticut All MPs were state-elected. Noyes Barber (AJ) William W. Ellsworth (AJ) Jabez W. Huntington (AJ) Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll (AJ) William L. Storrs (AJ) Ebenezer Young (AJ) Delaware state-wide choice John J. Milligan (AJ) Georgia State Election Thomas Flournoy Foster (J) Henry Graybill Lamar (J) Wilson Lumpkin (J) until 1831, exact date unknown Augustin Smith Clayton (J) from January 21, 1832 Daniel Newnan (J) Wiley Thompson (J) James Moore Wayne (J) Richard Henry Wilde (J) Illinois State Election Joseph Duncan (J) Indiana 3 constituencies 1. Ratliff Boon (J) 2. John Carr (J) 3. Johnathan McCarty (J) Kentucky 12 constituencies 1. Henry Daniel (J) 2. Thomas Alexander Marshall (AJ) 3. Chilton Allan (AJ) 4. Robert Letcher (AJ) 5. Richard Mentor Johnson (J) 6. Joseph Lecompte (J) 7. John Adair (J) 8. Nathan Gaither (J) 9. Charles A. Wickliffe (J) 10. Christopher Tompkins (AJ) 11. Albert Gallatin Hawes (J) 12. Chittenden Lyon (J) Louisiana 3 constituencies 1. Edward White (AJ) 2. Philemon Thomas (J) 3. Henry Adams Bullard (AJ) Maine 7 constituencies 1. Rufus McIntire (J) 2. John Anderson (J) 3. Edward Kavanagh (J) 4. George Evans (AJ) 5. Cornelius Holland (J) 6. Leonard Jarvis (J) 7. James Bates (politician) (J) Maryland 8 constituencies. The fifth electoral district had two MPs. 1. Daniel Jenifer (AJ) 2. Benedict Joseph Semmes (AJ) 3. George Corbin Washington (AJ) 4. Francis Thomas (J) 5A. Benjamin Chew Howard (J) 5B. John Worthington (J) 6. George Edward Mitchell (J) until June 28, 1832 Charles S. Sewall (J) from October 1, 1832 7. John Leeds Kerr (AJ) 8. John S. Spence (AJ) Massachusetts 13 constituencies 1. Nathan Appleton (AJ) 2. Rufus Choate (AJ) 3. Jeremiah Nelson (AJ) 4. Edward Everett (AJ) 5. John Davis (AJ) 6. Joseph G. Kendall (AJ) 7. George Grennell (AJ) 8. Isaac C. Bates (AJ) 9. George N. Briggs (AJ) 10. Henry Dearborn (AJ) 11. John Quincy Adams (AJ) 12. James L. Hodges (AJ) 13. John Reed (AJ) Mississippi State Election Franklin E. Plummer (J) Missouri State Election Spencer Darwin Pettis (J) until August 28, 1831 William Henry Ashley (J) from October 31, 1831 New Hampshire All MPs were state-elected. John Brodhead (J) Thomas Chandler (J) Joseph Hammons (J) Joseph M. Harper (J) Henry Hubbard (J) John Weeks (J) New Jersey All MPs were elected state-wide Lewis Condict (AJ) Silas Condit (AJ) Richard M. Cooper (AJ) Thomas H. Hughes (AJ) James F. Randolph (AJ) Isaac Southard (AJ) New York 30 constituencies. The 3rd electoral district had three MPs and the 20th and 26th two each. 1. James Lent (J) until February 22, 1833, after which the seat remained vacant 2. John T. Bergen (J) 3A. Churchill C. Cambreleng (J) 3B. Gulian C. Verplanck (J) 3C. Campbell P. White (J) 4. Aaron Ward (J) 5. Edmund Henry Pendleton (AJ) 6. Samuel J. Wilkin (AJ) 7. John C. Brodhead (J) 8. John King (J) 9. Job Pierson (J) 10. Gerrit Y. Lansing (J) 11. Erastus Root (J) 12. Joseph Bouck (J) 13. William G. Angel (J) 14. Samuel Beardsley (J) 15. Michael Hoffman (J) 16. Nathan Soule (J) 17. John W. Taylor (AJ) 18. Nathaniel Pitcher (J) 19. William Hogan (J) 20A. Charles Dayan (J) 20B. Daniel Wardwell (J) 21. John A. Collier (AM) 22. Edward C. Reed (J) 23. Freeborn G. Jewett (J) 24. Ulysses F. Doubleday (J) 25. Gamaliel H. Barstow (AM) 26A. William Babcock (AM) 26B. John Dickson (AM) 27. Frederick Whittlesey (AM) 28. Grattan H. Wheeler (AM) 29. Phineas L. Tracy (AM) 30. Bates Cooke (AM)

North Carolina 13 constituencies 1. William Biddle Shepard (AJ) 2. John Branch (J) from May 12, 1831 3. Thomas H. Hall (J) 4. Jesse Speight (J) 5. James Iver McKay (J) 6. Robert Potter (J) by November 1831 Micajah Thomas Hawkins from December 15, 1831 7. Lauchlin Bethune (J) 8. Daniel Laurens Barringer (J) 9. Augustine Henry Shepperd (J) 10. Abraham Rencher (J) 11. Henry William Connor (J) 12. Samuel Price Carson (J) 13. Lewis Williams (AJ) Ohio 14 constituencies 1. James Findlay (J) 2. Thomas Corwin (AJ) 3. Joseph Halsey Crane (AJ) 4. Joseph Vance (AJ) 5. William Russell (J) 6. William Creighton (AJ) 7. Samuel Finley Vinton (AJ) 8. William Stanbery (AJ) 9. William W. Irvin (J) 10. William Kennon (J) 11. Humphrey H. Leavitt (J) 12. John Thomson (J) 13. Elisha Whittlesey (AJ) 14. Eleutheros Cooke (AJ) Pennsylvania 18 constituencies. The 7th, 8th, 11th and 16th electoral districts each had two MPs. The 4th and 9th even had three MPs. The rest one each. 1. Joel Barlow Sutherland (J) 2. Henry Horn (J) 3. John Goddard Watmough (AJ) 4A. Joshua Evans (J) 4B. William Hiester (AM) 4C. David Potts (AM) 5. Joel Keith Mann (J) 6. John Conrad Bucher (J) 7A. Henry King (J) 7B. Henry AP Muhlenberg (J) 8A. Peter Ihrie (J) 8B. Samuel A. Smith (J) 9A. Lewis Dewart (J) 9B. James Ford (J) 9C. Philander Stephens (J) 10. Adam King (J) 11A. Thomas Hartley Crawford (J) 11B. William Ramsey (J) until September 29, 1831 Robert McCoy (J) from November 22, 1831 12. Robert Allison (AM) 13. George Burd (AJ) 14. Andrew Stewart (AM) 15. Thomas McKennan (AM) 16A. Harmar Denny (AM) 16B. John Gilmore (J) 17. Richard Coulter (J) 18. John Banks (AM) Rhode Island All MPs were state-elected. Tristam Burges (AJ) Dutee Jerauld Pearce (AJ) South Carolina 9 constituencies 1. William Drayton (J) 2. Robert Woodward Barnwell (N) (Nullifier) 3. Thomas R. Mitchell (J) 4. John Myers Fields (J) 5. George McDuffie (N) 6. Warren R. Davis (N) 7. William T. Nuckolls (J) 8. James Blair (J) 9. John K. Griffin (N) Tennessee 9 constituencies 1. John Blair (J) 2. Thomas Dickens Arnold (AJ) 3. James Israel Standifer (J) 4. Jacob C. Isacks (J) 5. William Hall (J) 6. James K. Polk (J) 7. John Bell (J) 8. Cave Johnson (J) 9. William Fitzgerald (J) Vermont 5 constituencies 1. Jonathan Hunt (AJ) until May 15, 1832 Hiland Hall (AJ) from January 1, 1833 2. Rollin Carolas Mallary (AJ) until April 15, 1831 William Slade (AM) from November 1, 1831 3. Horace Everett (AJ) 4. Herman Allen (AJ) 5. William Cahoon (AM) Virginia 22 constituencies 1. Thomas Newton (AJ) 2. James Trezvant (J) 3. William S. Archer (J) 4. Mark Alexander (J) 5. Thomas Bouldin (J) 6. Thomas Davenport (J) 7. Nathaniel Claiborne (J) 8. Richard Coke (J) 9. Andrew Stevenson (J) 10. William F. Gordon (J) 11. John M. Patton (J) 12. John Roane (J) 13. Joseph Chinn (J) 14. Charles F. Mercer (AJ) 15. John S. Barbour (J) 16. William Armstrong (AJ) 17. Robert Allen (J) 18. Philip Doddridge (AJ) until November 19, 1832 Joseph Johnson (J) from January 21, 1833 19. William McCoy (J) 20. Robert Craig (J) 21. Lewis Maxwell (AJ) 22. Charles Clement Johnston (J) until June 17, 1832 Joseph Draper (J) from December 6, 1832

Members of the House of Representatives who are not entitled to vote:

• Arkansas Territory : Ambrose Hundley Sevier
• Florida Territory : Joseph M. White
• Michigan Territory : Austin Eli Wing

Web links

Commons : 22nd United States Congress  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

• bioguide.congress.gov (by entering 22 under Year OR Congress: you get a list of the members of the 22nd Congress with a link to the official biographies; English)