59th United States Congress

The 59th Congress of the United States , consisting of the House and Senate , was the legislature of the United States . Its legislative term lasted from March 4, 1905 to March 4, 1907. All members of the House of Representatives and a third of the senators ( Class I ) were elected in the 1904 congressional elections. This resulted in a majority in both chambers for the Republican Party , which with Theodore Roosevelt also provided the president. The only remaining role for the Democratic Party was in the opposition. The Congress met in the American capital Washington, DC The United States at that time consisted of 45 states. The distribution of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1900 census .

Important events

See also 1905, 1906 and 1907

• March 4, 1905: beginning of the legislative period of the 59th Congress. At the same time, Theodore Roosevelt is inducted into his second term. The post of Vice President, which has been vacant since 1901, will also be filled again with Charles W. Fairbanks .
• May 15, 1905: Official establishment of the city of Las Vegas
• 11-14 July: 32 African Americans found the Niagara Movement , the nucleus of the African American civil rights movement , in a secret meeting near Niagara Falls .
• December 30, 1905: Frank Steunenberg , the former governor of the US state Idaho, is killed in a bomb attack outside his home.
• April 18, 1906: The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco destroyed large parts of the city. About 3000 people die and many are injured.
• September 14, 1906: The island is occupied by the United States Marine Corps as a result of an anti-government uprising in Cuba . Cuba is administered from the USA.
• November 1906: Republicans defend their majority in both houses in the congressional elections.
• November 9, 1906: Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first incumbent president to travel abroad to the Panama Canal , which is under construction . The president is accompanied by his wife Edith .

The main laws

During the session of the 59th Congress, the following federal laws were passed ( see also: Legislative procedure ):

• June 8, 1906: Antiquities Act
• June 29, 1906: Hepburn Act
• June 30, 1906: Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
• June 30, 1906: Meat Inspection Act
• March 2, 1907: Expatriation Act of 1907

Composition according to parties

senate

• Democratic Party: 31
• Republican Party: 59 (majority)
• Others (0

Total: 90

House of Representatives

• Democratic Party: 135
• Republican Party: 251 (majority)

Total: 386

There were also six congressional delegates who were not entitled to vote

Public officials

senate

• President of the Senate : Charles W. Fairbanks (R)
• President pro tempore : William P. Frye (R)

House of Representatives

• House Speaker : Joseph Gurney Cannon (R)

Leadership of the majority party

• Majority Leader : Sereno E. Payne (R)

Leadership of the minority party

• Minority Leader: John Sharp Williams (D)

Senate members

The following senators represented their respective states in the 59th Congress:

Alabama 2. John Tyler Morgan (D) 3. Edmund Pettus (D) Arkansas 2. James Henderson Berry (D) 3. James Paul Clarke (D) California 1. Frank P. Flint (R) 3. George Clement Perkins (R) Colorado 2. Thomas MacDonald Patterson (D) 3. Henry Moore Teller (D) Connecticut 1. Morgan Bulkeley (R) 3. Orville H. Platt (R) until April 21, 1905 Frank B. Brandegee (R) from May 10, 1905 Delaware 1. Henry A. du Pont (R) from June 13, 1906 2. J. Frank Allee (R) Florida 1. James Taliaferro (D) 3. Stephen R. Mallory Jr. (D) Georgia 2. Augustus Octavius ​​Bacon (D) 3. Alexander S. Clay (D) Idaho 2. Fred Dubois (D) 3. Weldon B. Heyburn (R) Illinois 2. Shelby Moore Cullom (R) 3. Albert J. Hopkins (R) Indiana 1. Albert J. Beveridge (R) 3. James A. Hemenway (R) Iowa 2. Jonathan P. Dolliver (R) 3. William B. Allison (R) Kansas 2. Joseph R. Burton (R) through June 4, 1906 Alfred W. Benson (R) from June 11, 1906 to January 23, 1907 Charles Curtis (R) from January 29, 1907 3. Chester I. Long (R) Kentucky 2. Joseph Blackburn (D) 3. James B. McCreary (D) Louisiana 2. Murphy J. Foster (D) 3. Samuel D. McEnery (D) Maine 1. Eugene Hale (R) 2. William P. Frye (R) Maryland 1. Isidor Rayner (D) 3. Arthur Pue Gorman (D) until June 4, 1906 William Pinkney Whyte (D) from June 8, 1906 Massachusetts 1. Henry Cabot Lodge (R) 2. Winthrop M. Crane (R) Michigan 1. Julius C. Burrows (R) 2. Russell Alexander Alger (R) until January 24, 1907 William Alden Smith (R) from February 6, 1907 Minnesota 1. Moses Edwin Clapp (R) 2. Knute Nelson (R) Mississippi 1. Hernando Money (D) 2. Anselm J. McLaurin (D) Missouri 1. William Warner (R) from March 18, 1905 3. William J. Stone (D)

Montana 1. Thomas Henry Carter (R) 2. William A. Clark (D) Nebraska 1. Elmer Jacob Burkett (R) 2. Joseph Hopkins Millard (R) Nevada 1. George S. Nixon (R) 3. Francis G. Newlands (D) New Hampshire 2. Henry E. Burnham (R) 3. Jacob Harold Gallinger (R) New Jersey 1. John Kean (R) 2. John F. Dryden (R) new York 1. Chauncey Depew (R) 3. Thomas C. Platt (R) North Carolina 2. Furnifold McLendel Simmons (D) 3. Lee Slater Overman (D) North Dakota 1. Porter J. McCumber (R) 3. Henry C. Hansbrough (R) Ohio 1. Charles WF Dick (R) 3. Joseph B. Foraker (R) Oregon 2. John H. Mitchell (R) until December 8, 1905 John M. Gearin (D) from December 13, 1905 to January 23, 1907 Frederick W. Mulkey (R) from January 23, 1907 3. Charles William Fulton (R) Pennsylvania 1. Philander C. Knox (R) 3. Boies Penrose (R) Rhode Island 1. Nelson W. Aldrich (R) 2. George P. Wetmore (R) South carolina 2. Benjamin Tillman (D) 3. Asbury Latimer (D) South Dakota 2. Robert J. Gamble (R) 3. Alfred B. Kittredge (R) Tennessee 1. William B. Bate (D) until March 9, 1905 James B. Frazier (D) from March 21, 1905 2. Edward W. Carmack (D) Texas 1. Charles Allen Culberson (D) 2. Joseph Weldon Bailey (D) Utah 1. George Sutherland (R) 3. Reed Smoot (R) Vermont 1. Redfield Proctor (R) 3. William P. Dillingham (R) Virginia 1. John W. Daniel (D) 2. Thomas S. Martin (D) Washington 1. Samuel H. Piles (R) 3. Levi Ankeny (R) West Virginia 1. Nathan B. Scott (R) 2. Stephen Benton Elkins (R) Wisconsin 1. Robert La Follette Sr. (R) from January 2, 1906 3. John Coit Spooner (R) Wyoming 1. Clarence Don Clark (R) 2. Francis E. Warren (R)

Members of the House of Representatives

The following congressmen represented the interests of their respective states in the 59th Congress:

Alabama 9 constituencies 1. George W. Taylor (D) 2. Ariosto A. Wiley (D) 3. Henry De Lamar Clayton, Jr. (D) 4. Sydney J. Bowie (D) 5. James Thomas Heflin (D) 6. John H. Bankhead (D) 7. John Lawson Burnett (D) 8. William N. Richardson (D) 9. Oscar Underwood (D) Arkansas 7 constituencies. 1. Robert B. Macon (D) 2. Stephen Brundidge (D) 3. John C. Floyd (D) 4. John Sebastian Little (D) until January 14, 1907 5. Charles C. Reid (D) 6. Joseph Taylor Robinson (D) 7. Robert M. Wallace (D) California 8 constituencies. 1. James Gillett (R) until November 4, 1906 William F. Englebright (R) from November 6, 1906 2. Duncan E. McKinlay (D) 3. Joseph R. Knowland (R) 4. Julius Kahn (R) 5. Everis A. Hayes (R) 6. James C. Needham (R) 7. James McLachlan (R) 8. Sylvester C. Smith (R) Colorado 2 constituencies. In addition, a member was elected nationwide 1. Robert W. Bonynge (R) 2. Herschel M. Hogg (R) 3. Franklin E. Brooks (R) elected state-wide Connecticut 4 constituencies. In addition, a member was elected nationwide 1. E. Stevens Henry (R) 2. Nehemiah D. Sperry (R) 3. Frank B. Brandegee (R) until May 10, 1905 Edwin W. Higgins (R) from October 2, 1905 4. Ebenezer J. Hill (R) 5. George L. Lilley (R) elected state wide Delaware state-wide choice Hiram R. Burton (R) Florida 3 constituencies 1. Stephen M. Sparkman (D) 2. Frank Clark (D) 3. William Bailey Lamar (D) Georgia 11 constituencies 1. Rufus E. Lester (D) until June 16, 1906 James W. Overstreet (D) from October 3, 1906 2. James M. Griggs (D) 3. Elijah B. Lewis (D) 4. William C. Adamson (D) 5. Leonidas F. Livingston (D) 6. Charles Lafayette Bartlett (D) 7. Gordon Lee (D) 8. William Marcellus Howard (D) 9. Thomas Montgomery Bell (D) 10. Thomas W. Hardwick (D) 11. William Gordon Brantley (D) Idaho state-wide election Burton L. French (R) Illinois 25 constituencies 1. Martin B. Madden (R) 2. James Robert Mann (R) 3. William W. Wilson (R) 4. Charles S. Wharton (R) 5. Anthony Michalek (R) 6. William Lorimer (R) 7. Philip Knopf (R) 8. Charles McGavin (R) 9. Henry Sherman Boutell (R) 10. George Edmund Foss (R) 11. Howard M. Snapp (R) 12. Charles Eugene Fuller (R) 13. Robert R. Hitt (R) until September 20, 1906 Frank Orren Lowden (R) from November 6, 1906 14. Benjamin F. Marsh (R) until June 2, 1905 James McKinney (R) from November 7, 1905 15. George W. Prince (R) 16. Joseph V. Graff (R) 17. John Allen Sterling (R) 18. Joseph Gurney Cannon (R) 19. William B. McKinley (R) 20. Henry T. Rainey (D) 21. Zeno J. Rives (R) 22. William A. Rodenberg (R) 23. Frank S. Dickson (R) 24. Pleasant T. Chapman (R) 25. George W. Smith (R) Indiana 13 constituencies 1. John H. Foster (R) 2. John C. Chaney (R) 3. William T. Zenor (D) 4. Lincoln Dixon (D) 5. Elias S. Holliday (R) 6. James Eli Watson (R) 7. Jesse Overstreet (R) 8. George W. Cromer (R) 9. Charles B. Landis (R) 10. Edgar D. Crumpacker (R) 11. Frederick Landis (R) 12. Newton Gilbert (R) until November 6, 1906 Clarence C. Gilhams (R) from November 6, 1906 13. Abraham L. Brick (R) Iowa 11 constituencies 1. Thomas Hedge (R) 2. Albert F. Dawson (R) 3. Benjamin P. Birdsall (R) 4. Gilbert N. Haugen (R) 5. Robert G. Cousins (R) 6. John F. Lacey (R) 7. John AT Hull (R) 8. William Peters Hepburn (R) 9. Walter I. Smith (R) 10. James Perry Conner (R) 11. Elbert H. Hubbard (R) Kansas 7 constituencies. In addition, a member was elected nationwide 1. Charles Curtis (R) until January 28, 1907, after which the seat remained vacant 2. Justin De Witt Bowersock (R) 3. Philip P. Campbell (R) 4. James Monroe Miller (R) 5. William A. Calderhead (R) 6. William A. Reeder (R) 7. Victor Murdock (R) 8. Charles Frederick Scott (R) elected state-wide Kentucky 11 constituencies 1. Ollie Murray James (D) 2. Augustus Owsley Stanley (D) 3. James M. Richardson (D) 4. David Highbaugh Smith (D) 5. J. Swagar Sherley (D) 6. Joseph L. Rhinock (D) 7. South Trimble (D) 8. George G. Gilbert (D) 9. Joseph B. Bennett (R) 10. Francis A. Hopkins (D) 11. Don C. Edwards (R) Louisiana 7 constituencies 1. Adolph Meyer (D) 2. Robert C. Davey (D) 3. Robert F. Broussard (D) 4. John T. Watkins (D) 5. Joseph E. Ransdell (D) 6. Samuel Matthews Robertson (D) 7. Arsène Pujo (D) Maine 4 constituencies 1. Amos L. Allen (R) 2. Charles E. Littlefield (R) 3. Edwin C. Burleigh (R) 4. Llewellyn Powers (R) Maryland 6 constituencies. 1. Thomas Alexander Smith (D) 2. Joshua Talbott (D) 3. Frank Charles Wachter (R) 4. John Gill Jr. (D) 5. Sydney Emanuel Mudd (R) 6. George Alexander Pearre (R) Massachusetts 14 constituencies 1. George P. Lawrence (R) 2. Frederick H. Gillett (R) 3. Rockwood Hoar (R) until November 1, 1906 Charles G. Washburn (R) from December 18, 1906 4. Charles Q. Tirrell (R) 5. Butler Ames (R) 6th Augustus Peabody Gardner (R) 7. Ernest W. Roberts (R) 8. Samuel W. McCall (R) 9. John A. Keliher (D) 10. William S. McNary (D) 11. John Andrew Sullivan (D) 12. John Wingate Weeks (R) 13. William S. Greene (R) 14. William C. Lovering (R) Michigan 12 constituencies 1. Edwin Denby (R) 2. Charles E. Townsend (R) 3. Washington Gardner (R) 4. Edward L. Hamilton (R) 5. William Alden Smith (R) until February 9, 1907, after which the seat remained vacant 6. Samuel William Smith (R) 7. Henry McMorran (R) 8. Joseph W. Fordney (R) 9. Roswell P. Bishop (R) 10. George A. Loud (R) 11. Archibald B. Darragh (R) 12. H. Olin Young (R) Minnesota 9th constituencies 1. James Albertus Tawney (R) 2. James McCleary (R) 3. Charles Russell Davis (R) 4. Frederick Stevens (R) 5. Loren Fletcher (R) 6. Clarence Buckman (R) 7. Andrew Volstead (R) 8. James Bede (R) 9. Halvor Steenerson (R) Mississippi 8 constituencies 1. Ezekiel S. Candler (D) 2. Thomas Spight (D) 3. Benjamin G. Humphreys II (D) 4. Wilson S. Hill (D) 5. Adam M. Byrd (D) 6. Eaton J. Bowers (D) 7. Frank A. McLain (D) 8. John Sharp Williams (D) Missouri 16 constituencies 1. James Tilghman Lloyd (D) 2. William W. Rucker (D) 3. Frank B. Klepper (R) 4. Frank B. Fulkerson (R) 5. Edgar C. Ellis (R) 6. David A. De Armond (D) 7. John Welborn (R) 8. Dorsey William Shackleford (D) 9. Champ Clark (D) 10. Richard Bartholdt (R) 11. John T. Hunt (D) 12. Ernest E. Wood (D) until August 23, 1906 Harry Marcy Coudrey (R) from August 23, 1906 13. Marion E. Rhodes (R) 14. William T. Tyndall (R) 15. Cassius M. Shartel (R) 16. Arthur P. Murphy (R) Montana state-wide choice Joseph Dixon (R)

Nebraska 6 constituencies 1. Elmer Jacob Burkett (R) until March 4, 1905 Ernest M. Pollard (R) from July 18, 1905 2. John L. Kennedy (R) 3. John Jay McCarthy (R) 4. Edmund H. Hinshaw (R) 5. George W. Norris (R) 6. Moses P. Kinkaid (R) Nevada state-wide election Clarence D. Van Duzer (D) New Hampshire 2 electoral divisions 1. Cyrus A. Sulloway (R) 2. Frank Dunklee Currier (R) New Jersey 10 constituencies 1. Henry C. Loudenslager (R) 2. John J. Gardner (R) 3. Benjamin Franklin Howell (R) 4. Ira W. Wood (R) 5. Charles N. Fowler (R) 6. Henry C. Allen (R) 7. Richard W. Parker (R) 8. William H. Wiley (R) 9. Marshall Van Winkle (R) 10. Allan Langdon McDermott (D) New York 37 constituencies 1. William W. Cocks (R) 2. George H. Lindsay (D) 3. Charles T. Dunwell (R) 4. Charles B. Law (R) 5. George E. Waldo (R) 6. William M. Calder (R) 7. John Joseph Fitzgerald (D) 8. Timothy Sullivan (D) until July 27, 1906 Daniel J. Riordan (D) from November 6, 1906 9. Henry M. Goldfogle (D) 10. William Sulzer (D) 11. William Randolph Hearst (D) 12. William Bourke Cockran (D) 13. Herbert Parsons (R) 14. Charles Arnette Towne (D) 15. J. Van Vechten Olcott (R) 16. Jacob Ruppert (D) 17. William Stiles Bennet (R) 18. Joseph A. Goulden (D) 19. John Emory Andrus (R) 20. Thomas W. Bradley (R) 21. John H. Ketcham (R) until November 4, 1906, after which the seat remained vacant 22. William Draper (R) 23. George N. Southwick (R) 24. Frank J. Le Fevre (R) 25. Lucius Littauer (R) 26. William H. Flack (R) until February 2, 1907, after which the seat remained vacant 27. James S. Sherman (R) 28. Charles L. Knapp (R) 29. Michael E. Driscoll (R) 30. John Wilbur Dwight (R) 31. Sereno E. Payne (R) 32. James Breck Perkins (R) 33. Jacob Sloat Fassett (R) 34. James Wolcott Wadsworth (R) 35.William H. Ryan (D) 36.De Alva S. Alexander (R) 37. Edward B. Vreeland (R) North Carolina 10 constituencies 1. John Humphrey Small (D) 2. Claude Kitchin (D) 3. Charles R. Thomas (D) 4. Edward W. Pou (D) 5. William Walton Kitchin (D) 6. Gilbert B. Patterson (D) 7. Robert N. Page (D) 8. Edmond Spencer Blackburn (R) 9. Edwin Y. Webb (D) 10. James M. Gudger (D) North Dakota 2 constituencies 1. Thomas Frank Marshall (R) 2. Asle Gronna (R) Ohio 21 constituencies 1. Nicholas Longworth (R) 2. Herman P. Goebel (R) 3. Robert M. Nevin (R) 4. Harvey C. Garber (D) 5. William Wildman Campbell (R) 6. Thomas E. Scroggy (R) 7. J. Warren Keifer (R) 8. Ralph D. Cole (R) 9. James H. Southard (R) 10. Henry T. Bannon (R) 11. Charles H. Grosvenor (R) 12. Edward L. Taylor (R) 13. Grant E. Mouser (R) 14. Amos R. Webber (R) 15. Beman Gates Dawes (R) 16. Capell L. Weems (R) 17. Martin L. Smyser (R) 18. James Kennedy (R) 19. W. Aubrey Thomas (R) 20. Jacob A. Beidler (R) 21. Theodore E. Burton (R) Oregon 2 constituencies 1. Binger Hermann (R) 2. John N. Williamson (R) Pennsylvania 32 constituencies. 1. Henry H. Bingham (R) 2. Robert Adams (R) by June 1, 1906 John E. Reyburn (R) from November 6, 1906 3. George A. Castor (R) until February 19, 1906 J. Hampton Moore (R) from November 6, 1906 4. Reuben O. Moon (R) 5. Edward de Veaux Morrell (R) 6. George Deardorff McCreary (R) 7. Thomas S. Butler (R) 8. Irving Price Wanger (R) 9. Henry B. Cassel (R) 10. Thomas Henry Dale (R) 11. Henry Wilbur Palmer (R) 12. George Robert Patterson (R) through March 21, 1906 Charles N. Brumm (R) from November 6, 1906 13. Marcus CL Kline (D) 14. Mial Eben Lilley (R) 15. Elias Deemer (R) 16. Edmund W. Samuel (R) 17. Thaddeus Maclay Mahon (R) 18. Marlin Edgar Olmsted (R) 19. John Merriman Reynolds (R) 20. Daniel F. Lafean (R) 21. Solomon Robert Dresser (R) 22. George Franklin Huff (R) 23. Allen Foster Cooper (R) 24. Ernest F. Acheson (R) 25. Arthur Laban Bates (R) 26. Gustav A. Schneebeli (R) 27. William Orlando Smith (R) 28. Joseph C. Sibley (R) 29. William Graham Harrison (R) 30. John Dalzell (R) 31. James F. Burke (R) 32nd Andrew Jackson Barchfeld (R) Rhode Island 2 electoral districts 1. Daniel LD Granger (D) 2. Adin B. Capron (R) South Carolina 7 constituencies. 1. George Swinton Legaré (D) 2. James O'Hanlon Patterson (D) 3. Wyatt Aiken (D) 4. Joseph T. Johnson (D) 5. David E. Finley (D) 6. J. Edwin Ellerbe (D) 7. Asbury Francis Lever (D) South Dakota State-wide election for both MPs Charles H. Burke (R) Martin (R) Tennessee 10 constituencies 1. Walter P. Brownlow (R) 2. Nathan W. Hale (R) 3. John A. Moon (D) 4. Mounce Gore Butler (D) 5. William C. Houston (D) 6. John W. Gaines (D) 7. Lemuel P. Padgett (D) 8. Thetus W. Sims (D) 9. Finis J. Garrett (D) 10. Malcolm R. Patterson (D) until November 5, 1906, after which the seat remained vacant Texas 16 constituencies. 1. Morris Sheppard (D) 2. Moses L. Broocks (D) 3. Gordon J. Russell (D) 4. Choice B. Randell (D) 5. James Andrew Beall (D) 6. Scott Field (D) 7. Alexander W. Gregg (D) 8. John M. Pinckney (D) until April 24, 1905 John M. Moore (D) from June 6, 1905 9. George Farmer Burgess (D) 10. Albert S. Burleson (D) 11. Robert Lee Henry (D) 12. Oscar W. Gillespie (D) 13. John Hall Stephens (D) 14. James Luther Slayden (D) 15. John Nance Garner (D) 16. William Robert Smith (D) Utah State Election Joseph Howell (R) Vermont 2 constituencies 1. David J. Foster (R) 2. Kittredge Haskins (R) Virginia 10 constituencies 1. William Atkinson Jones (D) 2. Harry L. Maynard (D) 3. John Lamb (D) 4. Robert G. Southall (D) 5. Claude A. Swanson (D) until January 30, 1906 Edward W. Saunders (D) from November 6, 1906 6. Carter Glass (D) 7. James Hay (D) 8. John Franklin Rixey (D) until February 8, 1907, after which the seat remained vacant 9. Campbell Slemp (R) 10. Henry D. Flood (D) Washington state wide election Wesley Livsey Jones (R) Francis W. Cushman (R) William E. Humphrey (R) West Virginia 5 constituencies 1. Blackburn B. Dovener (R) 2. Alston G. Dayton (R) through March 16, 1905 Thomas Beall Davis (D) from June 6, 1905 3. Joseph H. Gaines (R) 4. Harry C. Woodyard (R) 5. James A. Hughes (R) Wisconsin 11 constituencies 1. Henry A. Cooper (R) 2. Henry Cullen Adams (R) until July 9, 1906 John M. Nelson (R) from September 4, 1906 3. Joseph W. Babcock (R) 4. Theobald Otjen (R) 5. William H. Stafford (R) 6. Charles H. Weisse (D) 7. John J. Esch (R) 8. James H. Davidson (R) 9. Edward S. Minor (R) 10. Webster E. Brown (R) 11. John J. Jenkins (R) Wyoming state-wide elections Franklin Wheeler Mondell (R)

Members of the House of Representatives who are not entitled to vote:

• Alaska Territory : Frank Hinman Waskey (D) from December 3, 1906
• Arizona Territory : Marcus A. Smith (D)
• Hawaii Territory : Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole
• New Mexico Territory : William Henry Andrews (R)
• Oklahoma Territory : Bird Segle McGuire (R)
• Puerto Rico : Tulio Larrinaga (Unionist)

Web links

Commons : 59th United States Congress  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

• bioguide.congress.gov (by entering 59 under Year OR Congress: you get a list of the members of the 59th Congress with a link to the official biographies; English)