20th United States Congress

The 20th Congress of the United States , consisting of the House and Senate , was the legislature of the United States . Its legislative period lasted from March 4, 1827 to March 4, 1829. All members of the House of Representatives and a third of the senators ( Class I ) were elected in the 1826 congressional elections. In both chambers there was a majority for the party of the future President Andrew Jackson ( Jacksonians ). From this party emerged in 1828 the Democratic Party . The congress met in the American capital Washington, DC At that time the United States consisted of 24 states. President was John Quincy Adams . The distribution of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 census .

Important events

See also 1827 1828 and 1829

• March 4, 1827: beginning of the legislative period of the 20th Congress.
• February 28, 1827: The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad receives the concession. This creates one of the oldest, if not the oldest, railroad companies in the United States.
• May 21, 1827: In Maryland , supporters of Andrew Jackson found the Maryland Democratic Party .
• December 3, 1828: Andrew Jackson wins the presidential election against incumbent John Quincy Adams. He took office on March 4, 1829.
• 1828: Foundation of the Democratic Party from supporters of Jackson. In the years that followed, the party was referred to as the Jacksonian Party after its founder .

The main laws

During the session of the 20th Congress, the following federal law was passed ( see also: Legislative procedure ):

• May 24, 1828: Tariff of Abominations. This tariff law later became the cause of the nullification crisis between the federal government and the state of South Carolina .

Composition according to parties

senate

• Jacksonians: 27
• National Republican Party (Anti-Jacksonians): 21
• Others (0
• Vacant: 0

Total: 48 at the end of the legislative period

House of Representatives

• Jacksonians: 112
• National Republican Party: 100
• Others (0
• Vacant: 1

Total: 213 at the end of the legislative period

There were also three congressional delegates who were not entitled to vote

Public officials

senate

• President of the Senate : John C. Calhoun (J)
• President pro tempore : Samuel Smith (J)

House of Representatives

• House Speaker : Andrew Stevenson (J)

Senate members

The following senators represented their respective states in the 20th Congress:

Alabama 2. William R. King (J) 3. John McKinley (J) Connecticut 1. Samuel A. Foot (AJ) 3. Calvin Willey (AJ) Delaware 1. Louis McLane (AJ) 2. Henry M. Ridgely (J) Georgia Thomas W. Cobb (J) until 1828, exact date unknown Oliver H. Prince (J) from November 7, 1828 3. John MacPherson Berrien (J) Illinois 2. Jesse B. Thomas (AJ) 3. Elias Kane (J) Indiana 1. James Noble (AJ) 3. William Hendricks (AJ) Kentucky 2. Richard Mentor Johnson (J) 3. John Rowan (J) Louisiana 2. Charles Bouligny (AJ) 3. Josiah S. Johnston (AJ) Maine 1. Albion K. Parris (J) until August 26, 1828 John Holmes (AJ) from January 15, 1829 2. John Chandler (J) Maryland 1. Samuel Smith (J) 3. Ezekiel F. Chambers (AJ) Massachusetts 1. Daniel Webster (AJ) from December 17, 1827 2. Nathaniel Silsbee (AJ) Mississippi 1. Powhatan Ellis (J) 2. Thomas Hill Williams (J)

Missouri 1. Thomas Hart Benton (J) 3. David Barton (AJ) New Hampshire 2. Samuel Bell (AJ) 3. Levi Woodbury (J) New Jersey 1. Ephraim Bateman (AJ) until January 12, 1829 Mahlon Dickerson (J) from January 30, 1829 (seat swap) 2. Mahlon Dickerson (J) until January 30, 1829, after which the seat was vacant new York 1. Martin Van Buren (J) until December 20, 1828 Charles E. Dudley (J) from January 15, 1829 3. Nathan Sanford (AJ) North Carolina 2. John Branch (J) 3. Nathaniel Macon (J) until November 14, 1828 James Iredell (J) from December 15, 1828 Ohio 1. Benjamin Ruggles (AJ) 3. William Henry Harrison (AJ) until May 20, 1828 Jacob Burnet (AJ) from December 10, 1828 Pennsylvania 1. Isaac D. Barnard (J) 3. William Marks (AJ) Rhode Island 1. Asher Robbins (AJ) 2. Nehemiah R. Knight (AJ) South carolina 2. Robert Young Hayne (J) 3. William Smith (J) Tennessee 1. John Henry Eaton (J) 2. Hugh Lawson White (J) Vermont 1. Horatio Seymour (AJ) 3. Dudley Chase (AJ) Virginia 1. John Tyler (J) 2. Littleton Waller Tazewell (J)

Members of the House of Representatives

The following congressmen represented the interests of their respective states in the 20th Congress:

Alabama 3 constituencies 1. Gabriel Moore (J) 2. John McKee (J) 3. George Washington Owen (J) Connecticut All MPs were state-elected. John Baldwin (AJ) Noyes Barber (AJ) Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll (AJ) Orange Merwin (AJ) Elisha Phelps (AJ) David Plant (AJ) Delaware state-wide choice Kensey Johns (AJ) from October 2, 1827 Georgia 7 constituencies 1. Edward Fenwick Tattnall (J) until 1827, exact date unknown George Rockingham Gilmer (J) from October 1, 1827 2. John Forsyth (J) until November 7, 1827 Richard Henry Wilde (J) from November 17, 1827 3. Wiley Thompson (J) 4. Wilson Lumpkin (J) 5. Charles Eaton Haynes (J) 6. Tomlinson Fort (J) 7. John Floyd (J) Illinois State Election Joseph Duncan (J) Indiana 3 constituencies 1. Thomas H. Blake (AJ) 2. Jonathan Jennings (AJ) 3. Oliver H. Smith (J) Kentucky 12 constituencies 1. Henry Daniel (J) 2. Thomas Metcalfe (AJ) until June 1, 1828 John Chambers (AJ) from December 1, 1828 3. James Clark (AJ) 4. Robert Letcher (AJ) 5. Robert L. McHatton (J) 6. Joseph Lecompte (J) 7. Thomas Patrick Moore (J) 8. Richard Aylett Buckner (AJ) 9. Charles A. Wickliffe (J) 10. Joel Yancey (J) 11. William Singleton Young (AJ) until September 20, 1827 John Calhoon (AJ) 5-7. November 1827 (two days) Thomas Chilton (J) from December 22, 1827 12. Chittenden Lyon (J) Louisiana 3 constituencies 1. Edward Livingston (J) 2. Henry Hosford Gurley (AJ) 3. William Leigh Brent (AJ) Maine 7 constituencies 1. William Burleigh (AJ) until July 2, 1827 Rufus McIntire (J) from September 10, 1827 2. John Anderson (J) 3. Joseph F. Wingate (AJ) 4. Peleg Sprague (AJ) 5. James Wheelock Ripley (J) 6. Jeremiah O'Brien (AJ) 7. Samuel Butman (AJ) Maryland 8 constituencies. The fifth electoral district had two MPs. 1. Clement Dorsey (AJ) 2. John Crompton Weems (J) 3. George Corbin Washington (AJ) 4. Michael Sprigg (J) 5A. John Barney (AJ) 5B. Peter Little (AJ) 6. Levin Gale (J) 7. John Leeds Kerr (AJ) 8. Ephraim Wilson (AJ) Massachusetts 13 constituencies 1. Daniel Webster (AJ) until May 30, 1827 Benjamin Gorham (AJ) from July 23, 1827 2. Benjamin Crowninshield (AJ) 3. John Varnum (AJ) 4. Edward Everett (AJ) 5. John Davis (AJ) 6. John Locke (AJ) 7. Samuel Clesson Allen (AJ) 8. Isaac C. Bates (AJ) 9. Henry W. Dwight (AJ) 10. John Bailey (AJ) 11. Joseph Richardson (AJ) 12. James L. Hodges (AJ) 13. John Reed (AJ) Mississippi State Election William Haile (J) until September 12, 1828 Thomas Hinds from October 21, 1828 Missouri State Election Edward Bates (AJ) New Hampshire All MPs were state-elected. David Barker (AJ) Ichabod Bartlett (AJ) Titus Brown (AJ) Jonathan Harvey (J) Joseph Healy (AJ) Thomas Whipple (AJ) New Jersey All MPs were elected state-wide Lewis Condict (AJ) George Holcombe (J) until January 14, 1828 James F. Randolph (AJ) from December 1, 1828 Isaac Pierson (AJ) Samuel Swan (AJ) Hedge Thompson (AJ) until July 23, 1828 Thomas Sinnickson (AJ) from December 1, 1828 Ebenezer Tucker (AJ) New York 30 constituencies. The 3rd electoral district had three MPs and the 20th and 26th two each. 1. Silas Wood (AJ) 2. John J. Wood (J) 3A. Churchill C. Cambreleng (J) 3B. Jeromus Johnson (J) 3C. Gulian C. Verplanck (J) 4. Aaron Ward (AJ) 5. Thomas J. Oakley (J) until May 9, 1828 Thomas Taber II (J) from November 5, 1828 6. John Hallock (J) 7. George O. Belden (J) 8. James Strong (AJ) 9. John D. Dickinson (AJ) 10. Stephen Van Rensselaer III. (AJ) 11. Selah R. Hobbie (J) 12. John I. De Graff (J) 13. Samuel Chase (AJ) 14. Henry R. Storrs (AJ) 15. Michael Hoffman (J) 16. Henry Markell (AJ) 17. John W. Taylor (AJ) 18. Henry C. Martindale (AJ) 19. Richard Keese (J) 20A. Rudolph Bunner (J) 20B. Silas Wright (J) until February 16, 1829, after which the seat was vacant 21. John C. Clark (J) 22. John G. Stower (J) 23. Jonas Earll (J) 24. Nathaniel Garrow (J) 25. David Woodcock (AJ) 26A. Dudley Marvin (AJ) 26B. John Maynard (AJ) 27. Daniel D. Barnard (AJ) 28. John Magee (J) 29. David Ellicott Evans (J) until May 2, 1827 Phineas L. Tracy (AJ) from November 5, 1827 30. Daniel G. Garnsey (J)

North Carolina 13 constituencies 1. Lemuel Sawyer (J) 2. Willis Alston (J) 3. Thomas H. Hall (J) 4. John Heritage Bryan (AJ) 5. Gabriel Holmes (J) 6. Daniel Turner (J) 7. John Culpepper (AJ) 8. Daniel Laurens Barringer (J) 9. Augustine Henry Shepperd (J) 10. John Long (AJ) 11. Henry William Connor (J) 12. Samuel Price Carson (J) 13. Lewis Williams (AJ) Ohio 14 constituencies 1. James Findlay (J) 2. John Woods (AJ) 3. William McLean (AJ) 4. Joseph Vance (AJ) 5. William Russell (J) 6. William Creighton (AJ) until 1828, exact date unknown Francis Swaine Muhlenberg (AJ) from December 19, 1828 7. Samuel Finley Vinton (AJ) 8. William Wilson (AJ) until June 6, 1827 William Stanbery (J) from October 9, 1827 9. Philemon Beecher (AJ) 10. John Davenport (AJ) 11. John C. Wright (AJ) 12. John Sloane (AJ) 13. Elisha Whittlesey (AJ) 14. Mordecai Bartley (AJ) Pennsylvania 18 constituencies. The 7th, 8th, 11th and 16th electoral districts each had two MPs. The 4th and 9th even had three MPs. The rest one each. 1. Joel Barlow Sutherland (J) 2nd John Sergeant (AJ) 3. Daniel H. Miller (J) 4A. James Buchanan (J) 4B. Samuel Anderson (AJ) 4C. Charles Miner (AJ) 5. John Benton Sterigere (J) 6. Innis Green (J) 7A. William Addams (J) 7B. Joseph Fry (J) 8A. Samuel D. Ingham (J) 8B. George Wolf (J) 9A. George Kremer (J) 9B. Samuel McKean (J) 9C. Espy Van Horne (J) 10. Adam King (J) 11A. William Ramsay (J) 11B. James Wilson (AJ) 12. John Mitchell (J) 13. Chauncey Forward (J) 14. Andrew Stewart (J) 15. Joseph Lawrence (AJ) 16A. Robert Orr (J) 16B. James S. Stevenson (J) 17. Richard Coulter (J) 18. Stephen Barlow (Politician) (J) Rhode Island All MPs were state-elected. Tristam Burges (AJ) Dutee Jerauld Pearce (AJ) South Carolina 9 constituencies 1. William Drayton (J) 2. James Hamilton (J) 3. Thomas R. Mitchell (J) 4. William D. Martin (J) 5. George McDuffie (J) 6. Warren R. Davis (J) 7. William T. Nuckolls (J) 8. John Carter (J) 9. Starling Tucker (J) Tennessee 9 constituencies 1. John Blair (J) 2. Pryor Lea (J) 3. James Coffield Mitchell (J) 4. Jacob C. Isacks (J) 5. Robert Desha (J) 6. James K. Polk (J) 7. John Bell (J) 8. John Hartwell Marable (J) 9. Davy Crockett (J) Vermont 5 constituencies 1. Jonathan Hunt (AJ) 2. Rollin Carolas Mallary (AJ) 3. George Edward Wales (AJ) 4. Benjamin Swift (AJ) 5. Daniel Buck (AJ) Virginia 22 constituencies 1. Thomas Newton (AJ) 2. James Trezvant (J) 3. William S. Archer (J) 4. Mark Alexander (J) 5. John Randolph (J) 6. Thomas Davenport (J) 7. Nathaniel Claiborne (J) 8. Burwell Bassett (J) 9. Andrew Stevenson (J) 10. William Cabell Rives (J) 11. Philip Pendleton Barbour (J) 12. John Roane (J) 13. John Taliaferro (AJ) 14. Charles F. Mercer (AJ) 15. John S. Barbour (J) 16. William Armstrong (AJ) 17. Robert Allen (J) 18. Isaac Leffler (AJ) 19. William McCoy (J) 20. John Floyd (J) 21. Lewis Maxwell (AJ) 22. Alexander Smyth (J)

Members of the House of Representatives who are not entitled to vote:

• Arkansas Territory : Henry Wharton Conway until November 9, 1827, then Ambrose Hundley Sevier from February 13, 1828
• Florida Territory : Joseph M. White
• Michigan Territory : Austin Eli Wing

Web links

Commons : 20th United States Congress  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

• bioguide.congress.gov (by entering 20 under Year OR Congress: you get a list of the members of the 20th Congress with a link to the official biographies; English)