68th United States Congress

The 68th Congress of the United States , consisting of the House and Senate , was the legislature of the United States . Its legislative term lasted from March 4, 1923 to March 4, 1925. All members of the House of Representatives and a third of the Senators ( Class I ) were elected in the state of Maine in the November 1922 and September congressional elections. This resulted in a majority in both chambers for the Republican Party which, with Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge, also provided presidents. The only remaining role for the Democratic Party was in the opposition. During the legislative period there were a few resignations and deaths, but these did not change the majority. The Congress met in the American capital Washington, DC The United States at that time consisted of 48 states. The distribution of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1910 census . (Due to a lack of political majorities, the actual adjustment was not made based on the figures from the 1920 census . The next adjustment was not made until 1933 with the data from the 1930 census ).

Important events

March 4, 1923: beginning of the legislative period of the 68th Congress

August 2, 1923: Following the death of President Harding, former Vice President Calvin Coolidge is promoted to the highest office in the United States.

September 4, 1923: The airship USS Shenandoah , operated by the United States Navy , makes its maiden flight.

September 7, 1923: At a police conference in Vienna which is Interpol established.

May 10, 1924: J. Edgar Hoover is appointed director of the FBI , which at the time was still called the Bureau of Investigations (BI).
June 28, 1924: 78 people died in a tornado in Lorain, Ohio .
November 4, 1924: Nellie Tayloe Ross is the first woman in American history to be elected to the office of governor . She holds the office in the state of Wyoming .
November 4, 1924: President Coolidge is elected. In the simultaneous congressional elections, the Republicans defend their majority in both chambers.
November 19, 1924: Hollywood director Thomas Harper Ince dies under circumstances that are still unknown to this day.
November 27, 1924: The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade takes place in New York City for the first time . Back then the event was still called Macy's Christmas Day Parade .

The main laws

During the session of the 68th Congress, the following federal laws were passed ( see also: Legislative procedure ):

September 22, 1923: US Coal Commission Act
April 26, 1924: Seed and Feed Loan Act
May 19, 1924: World War Adjusted Compensation Act
May 24, 1924: Rogers Act
May 26, 1924: Immigration Act of 1924
May 29, 1924: Indian Oil Leasing Act of 1924
June 2, 1924: Indian Citizenship Act
June 2, 1924: Revenue Act of 1924
June 3, 1924: Inland Waterways Act of 1924
June 7, 1924: Pueblo Lands Act of 1924
June 7, 1924: Oil Pollution Act of 1924
June 7, 1924: Clarke – McNary Act
January 30, 1925: Hoch – Smith Resolution
January 31, 1925: Special Duties Act
February 2, 1925: Airmail Act of 1925
February 12, 1925: Federal Arbitration Act
February 16, 1925: Home Port Act of 1925
February 24, 1925: Purnell Act
February 27, 1925: Temple Act
February 28, 1925: Classification Act of 1925
February 28, 1925: Federal Corrupt Practices Act
March 2, 1925: Judiciary Act of 1925
March 3, 1925: River and Harbors Act of 1925
March 3, 1925: Helium Act of 1925
March 3, 1925: Mount Rushmore National Memorial Act see also Mount Rushmore National Memorial
March 4, 1925: Establishment of the United States Navy Band.
March 4, 1925: Probation Act of 1925

Composition according to parties

senate

Democratic Party: 42
Republican Party: 53 (majority)
Others: 1

Total: 96

House of Representatives

Democratic Party: 207
Republican Party: 225 (majority)
Others: 3

Total: 435

There were also five congressional delegates who were not entitled to vote

Public officials

senate

Senate President : Calvin Coolidge (R) until August 2, 1923, vacant thereafter
President pro tempore : Albert B. Cummins (R)

Leadership of the majority party

Majority Leader: Henry Cabot Lodge senior (R) until November 9, 1924, then Charles Curtis (R)

Majority whip : Wesley Livsey Jones (R)

Leadership of the minority party

Minority Leader: Joseph Taylor Robinson (D)
Minority whip: Peter G. Gerry (D)

House of Representatives

House Speaker : Frederick H. Gillett (R)

Leadership of the majority party

Majority Leader: Nicholas Longworth (R)

Leadership of the minority party

Minority Leader: Finis J. Garrett (D)

Senate members

The following senators represented their respective states in the 68th Congress:

Alabama

2. James Thomas Heflin (D)
3. Oscar Underwood (D)

Arizona

1. Henry F. Ashurst (D)
3. Ralph H. Cameron (R)

Arkansas

2. Joseph Taylor Robinson (D)
3. Thaddeus H. Caraway (D)

California

1. Hiram Johnson (R)
3. Samuel M. Shortridge (R)

Colorado

2. Lawrence C. Phipps (R)
3. Samuel D. Nicholson (R) through March 24, 1923
- Alva B. Adams (D) from May 17, 1923 to November 30, 1924
- Rice W. Means (R) from December 1, 1924

Connecticut

1. George P. McLean (R)
3. Frank B. Brandegee (R) until October 14, 1924
- Hiram Bingham (R) from December 17, 1924

Delaware

1. Thomas F. Bayard Jr. (D)
2. L. Heisler Ball (R)

Florida

1. Park Trammell (D)
3. Duncan U. Fletcher (D)

Georgia

2. William J. Harris (D)
3. Walter F. George (D)

Idaho

2. William Borah (R)
3. Frank Gooding (R)

Illinois

2. Joseph Medill McCormick (R) through February 25, 1925
- Charles S. Deneen (R) from February 26, 1925
3. William B. McKinley (R)

Indiana

1. Samuel Ralston (D)
3. James Eli Watson (R)

Iowa

2. Smith W. Brookhart (R)
3. Albert B. Cummins (R)

Kansas

2. Arthur Capper (R)
3. Charles Curtis (R)

Kentucky

2. Augustus Owsley Stanley (D)
3. Richard P. Ernst (R)

Louisiana

2. Joseph E. Ransdell (D)
3. Edwin S. Broussard (D)

Maine

1. Frederick Hale (R)
2. Bert M. Fernald (R)

Maryland

1. William Cabell Bruce (D)
3. Ovington Weller (R)

Massachusetts

1. Henry Cabot Lodge (R) until November 9, 1924
- William M. Butler (R) from November 13, 1924
2. David I. Walsh (D)

Michigan

1. Woodbridge Nathan Ferris (D)
2. James J. Couzens (R)

Minnesota

1. Henrik Shipstead (Farmer Labor Party)
2. Knute Nelson (R) until April 28, 1923
- Magnus Johnson (Farmer Labor Party) from July 16, 1923

Mississippi

1. Hubert D. Stephens (D)
2. Pat Harrison (D)

Missouri

1. James A. Reed (D)
3. Selden P. Spencer (R)

Montana

1. Burton K. Wheeler (D)
2. Thomas J. Walsh (D)

Nebraska

1. Robert B. Howell (R)
2. George W. Norris (R)

Nevada

1. Key Pittman (D)
3. Tasker Oddie (R)

New Hampshire

2. Henry W. Keyes (R)
3. George H. Moses (R)

New Jersey

1. Edward I. Edwards (D)
2. Walter Evans Edge (R)

New Mexico

1. Andrieus A. Jones (D)
2. Holm O. Bursum (R)

new York

1. Royal S. Copeland (D)
3. James W. Wadsworth Jr. (R)

North Carolina

2. Furnifold McLendel Simmons (D)
3. Lee Slater Overman (D)

North Dakota

1. Lynn Frazier (R)
3. Edwin F. Ladd (R)

Ohio

1. Simeon D. Fess (R)
3. Frank B. Willis (R)

Oklahoma

2. Robert Latham Owen (D)
3. John W. Harreld (R)

Oregon

2. Charles L. McNary (R)
3. Robert N. Stanfield (R)

Pennsylvania

1. David A. Reed (R)
3. George W. Pepper (R)

Rhode Island

1. Peter G. Gerry (D)
2. LeBaron Bradford Colt (R) until August 18, 1924
- Jesse H. Metcalf (R) from November 5, 1924

South carolina

2. Nathaniel B. Dial (D)
3. Ellison D. Smith (D)

South Dakota

2. Thomas Sterling (R)
3. Peter Norbeck (R)

Tennessee

1. Kenneth McKellar (D)
2. John K. Shields (D)

Texas

1. Earle Bradford Mayfield (D)
2. Morris Sheppard (D)

Utah

1. William H. King (D)
3. Reed Smoot (R)

Vermont

1. Frank L. Greene (R)
3. William P. Dillingham (R) until July 12, 1923
- Porter H. Dale (R) from November 7, 1923

Virginia

1. Claude A. Swanson (D)
2. Carter Glass (D)

Washington

1. Clarence Dill (D)
3. Wesley Livsey Jones (R)

West Virginia

1. Matthew M. Neely (D)
2. Davis Elkins (R)

Wisconsin

1. Robert La Follette Sr. (R)
3. Irvine Lenroot (R)

Wyoming

1. John B. Kendrick (D)
2. Francis E. Warren (R)

Members of the House of Representatives

The following congressmen represented the interests of their respective states in the 68th Congress:

Alabama 10 constituencies

1. John McDuffie (D)
2. John R. Tyson (D) until March 27, 1923
- J. Lister Hill (D) from August 14, 1923
3. Henry B. Steagall (D)
4. Lamar Jeffers (D)
5. William B. Bowling (D)
6. William Bacon Oliver (D)
7. Miles C. Allgood (D)
8. Edward B. Almon (D)
9. George Huddleston (D)
10. William B. Bankhead (D)

Arizona state wide election

Carl Hayden (D)

Arkansas 7 constituencies.

1. William J. Driver (D)
2. William Allan Oldfield (D)
3. John N. Tillman (D)
4. Otis Wingo (D)
5. Heartsill Ragon (D)
6. Lewis E. Sawyer (D) through May 5, 1923
- James B. Reed (D) from October 6, 1923
7. Tilman Bacon Parks (D)

California 11 constituencies.

1. Clarence F. Lea (D)
2. John E. Raker (D)
3. Charles F. Curry (R)
4. Julius Kahn (R) until December 18, 1924, after which the seat remained vacant
5. Mae Nolan (R)
6. James H. MacLafferty (R)
7. Henry E. Barbour (R)
8. Arthur M. Free (R)
9. Walter F. Lineberger (R)
10. John D. Fredericks (R) from May 1, 1923
11. Phil Swing (R)

Colorado 4 constituencies

Connecticut 5 constituencies

Delaware state-wide choice

William H. Boyce (D)

Florida 4 constituencies

Georgia 12 constituencies

Idaho 2 constituencies

1. Burton L. French (R)
2. Addison T. Smith (R)

Illinois 25 constituencies. In addition, two representatives were elected nationwide

1. Martin B. Madden (R)
2. Morton D. Hull (R) from April 3, 1923
3. Elliott W. Sproul (R)
4. John W. Rainey (D) until May 4, 1923
- Thomas A. Doyle (D) from November 6, 1923
5. Adolph J. Sabath (D)
6. James R. Buckley (D)
7. M. Alfred Michaelson (R)
8. Stanley H. Kunz (D)
9. Frederick A. Britten (R)
10. Carl R. Chindblom (R)
11. Frank R. Reid (R)
12. Charles Eugene Fuller (R)
13. John C. McKenzie (R)
14. William J. Graham (R) until June 7, 1924, after which the seat remained vacant
15. Edward John King (R)
16. William E. Hull (R)
17. Frank H. Funk (R)
18. William P. Holaday (R)
19. Allen F. Moore (R)
20. Henry T. Rainey (D)
21. James Earl Major (D)
22. Edward E. Miller (R)
23. William W. Arnold (D)
24. Thomas Sutler Williams (R)
25. Edward E. Denison (R)
26. Henry Riggs Rathbone (R) elected state-wide
27. Richard Yates (R) elected state-wide

Indiana 13 constituencies

Iowa 11 constituencies

1. William F. Kopp (R)
2. Harry E. Hull (R)
3. Thomas JB Robinson (R)
4. Gilbert N. Haugen (R)
5. Cyrenus Cole (R)
6. C. William Ramseyer (R)
7. Cassius C. Dowell (R)
8. Horace Mann Towner (R) by April 1, 1923
- Hiram Kinsman Evans (R) from June 4, 1923
9. William R. Green (R)
10. Lester J. Dickinson (R)
11. William D. Boies (R)

Kansas 8 constituencies.

1. Daniel Anthony Jr. (R)
2. Edward C. Little (R) until June 27, 1924
- Ulysses Samuel Guyer (R) from November 4th 1924
3. William H. Sproul (R)
4. Homer High (R)
5. James G. Strong (R)
6. Hays B. White (R)
7. Jasper N. Tincher (R)
8. William Augustus Ayres (D)

Kentucky 11 constituencies

1. Albums W. Barkley (D)
2. David Hayes Kincheloe (D)
3. Robert Y. Thomas (D)
4. Ben Johnson (D)
5. Maurice Thatcher (R)
6. Arthur B. Rouse (D)
7. J. Campbell Cantrill (D) until September 2, 1923
- Joseph W. Morris (D) from November 30, 1923
8. Ralph Gilbert (D)
9. William J. Fields (D) until December 11, 1923
- Fred M. Vinson (D) from January 24, 1924
10. John W. Langley (R)
11. John M. Robsion (R)

Louisiana 8 constituencies

1. James O'Connor (D)
2. H. Garland Dupré (D) until February 21, 1924
- James Z. Spearing (D) from April 22, 1924
3. Whitmell P. Martin (D)
4. John N. Sandlin (D)
5. Riley J. Wilson (D)
6. George K. Favrot (D)
7. Ladislas Lazaro (D)
8. James Benjamin Aswell (D)

Maine 4 constituencies

Maryland 6 constituencies.

1. Thomas Alan Goldsborough (D)
2. Millard Tydings (D)
3. John Hill (R)
4. John Charles Linthicum (D)
5. Sydney Emanuel Mudd II (R) until Oct 11, 1924
- Stephen Warfield Gambrill (D) from November 4, 1924
6. Frederick Nicholas Zihlman (R)

Massachusetts 16 constituencies

1. Allen T. Treadway (R)
2. Frederick H. Gillett (R)
3. Calvin Paige (R)
4. Samuel Winslow (R)
5. John Jacob Rogers (R)
6. Abram Andrew (R)
7. William P. Connery (D)
8. Frederick W. Dallinger (R)
9. Charles L. Underhill (R)
10. Peter Francis Tague (D)
11. George H. Tinkham (R)
12. James A. Gallivan (D)
13. Robert Luce (R)
14. Louis A. Frothingham (R)
15. William S. Greene (R) until September 22, 1924
- Robert M. Leach (R) from November 4, 1924
16. Charles L. Gifford (R)

Michigan 13 constituencies

1. Robert H. Clancy (D)
2. Earl C. Michener (R)
3. John MC Smith (R) until March 30, 1923
- Arthur B. Williams (R) from June 19, 1923
4. John C. Ketcham (R)
5. Carl E. Mapes (R)
6. Grant M. Hudson (R)
7. Louis C. Cramton (R)
8. Bird J. Vincent (R)
9. James C. McLaughlin (R)
10. Roy O. Woodruff (R)
11. Frank D. Scott (R)
12. W. Frank James (R)
13. Clarence J. McLeod (R)

Minnesota 10th constituencies

1. Sydney Anderson (R)
2. Frank Clague (R)
3. Charles Russell Davis (R)
4. Oscar Keller (R)
5. Walter Newton (R)
6. Harold Knutson (R)
7. Ole J. Kvale (Farmer Labor Party)
8. Oscar Larson (R)
9. Knud Wefald (Farmer Labor Party)
10. Thomas David Schall (R)

Mississippi 8 constituencies

1. John E. Rankin (D)
2. Bill G. Lowrey (D)
3. Benjamin G. Humphreys II (D) until October 16, 1923
- William Y. Humphreys (D) from November 27, 1923
4. T. Jeff Busby (D)
5. Ross A. Collins (D)
6. T. Webber Wilson (D)
7. Percy Quin (D)
8. James William Collier (D)

Missouri 16 constituencies

Montana 2 electoral districts

1. John M. Evans (D)
2. Scott Leavitt (R)

Nebraska 6 constituencies

Nevada state-wide election

Charles L. Richards (D)

New Hampshire 2 electoral divisions

1. William Nathaniel Rogers (D)
2. Edward Hills Wason (R)

New Jersey 12 constituencies

New Mexico state-wide election

John Morrow (D)

New York 43 constituencies

1. Robert L. Bacon (R)
2. John J. Kindred (D)
3. George W. Lindsay (D)
4. Thomas H. Cullen (D)
5. Loring M. Black (D)
6. Charles I. Stengle (D)
7. John Quayle (D)
8. William E. Cleary (D)
9. David J. O'Connell (D)
10. Emanuel Celler (D)
11. Daniel J. Riordan (D) until April 28, 1923
- Anning Smith Prall (D) from November 6, 1923
12. Samuel Dickstein (D)
13. Christopher D. Sullivan (D)
14. Nathan David Perlman (R)
15. John J. Boylan (D)
16. John J. O'Connor (D) from November 6, 1923
17. Ogden L. Mills (R)
18. John F. Carew (D)
19. Sol Bloom (D)
20. Fiorello LaGuardia (R)
21. Royal Hurlburt Weller (D)
22. Anthony J. Griffin (D)
23. Frank Oliver (D)
24. James V. Ganly (D) until September 7, 1923
- Benjamin L. Fairchild (R) from November 6, 1923
25. J. Mayhew Wainwright (R)
26. Hamilton Fish III (R)
27. Charles B. Ward (R)
28. Parker Corning (D)
29. James S. Parker (R)
30. Frank Crowther (R)
31. Bertrand Snell (R)
32. Luther W. Mott (R) until July 10, 1923
- Thaddeus C. Sweet (R) from November 6, 1923
33. Homer P. Snyder (R)
34. John D. Clarke (R)
35.Walter W. Magee (R)
36. John Taber (R)
37. Gale H. Stalker (R)
38. Meyer Jacobstein (D)
39. Archie D. Sanders (R)
40. S. Wallace Dempsey (R)
41. Clarence MacGregor (R)
42. James M. Mead (D)
43.Daniel A. Reed (R)

North Carolina 10 constituencies

1. Hallett Sydney Ward (D)
2. Claude Kitchin (D) until May 31, 1923
- John H. Kerr (D) from November 6, 1923
3. Charles Laban Abernethy (D)
4. Edward W. Pou (D)
5. Charles Manly Stedman (D)
6. Homer L. Lyon (D)
7. William C. Hammer (D)
8. Robert L. Doughton (D)
9. Alfred L. Bulwinkle (D)
10. Zebulon Weaver (D)

North Dakota 3 constituencies

1. Olger B. Burtness (R)
2. George M. Young (R) through September 2, 1924
- John H. Kerr (R) from November 4, 1924
3. James H. Sinclair (R)

Ohio 22 constituencies

Oklahoma 8 constituencies

Oregon 3 constituencies

Pennsylvania 36 constituencies

Rhode Island 3 electoral constituencies

South Carolina 7 constituencies.

South Dakota 3 constituencies

Tennessee 10 constituencies

Texas 18 constituencies

Utah 2 constituencies

1. Don B. Colton (R)
2. Elmer O. Leatherwood (R)

Vermont 2 constituencies

1. Frederick G. Fleetwood (R)
2. Porter H. Dale (R) until August 11, 1923
- Ernest Gibson (R) from November 6, 1923

Virginia 10 constituencies

Washington 5 constituencies

1. John Franklin Miller (R)
2. Lindley H. Hadley (R)
3. Albert Johnson (R)
4. John W. Summers (R)
5. J. Stanley Webster (R) through May 8, 1923
- Samuel B. Hill (D) from September 25, 1923

West Virginia 6 constituencies

Wisconsin 11 constituencies

Wyoming state-wide elections

Charles E. Winter (R)

Members of the House of Representatives who are not entitled to vote:

Alaska Territory :
- Daniel Sutherland (R)
Hawaii Territory :
- William Paul Jarrett (D)
Philippines :
- Pedro Guevara
- Isauro Gabaldon
Puerto Rico :
- Félix Córdova Dávila

Web links

Commons : 68th United States Congress - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

bioguide.congress.gov (by entering 68 under Year OR Congress: you get a list of the members of the 68th Congress with a link to the official biographies; English)