41st United States Congress

The 41st United States Congress , made up of the House and Senate , was the United States' legislature . Its legislative period lasted from March 4, 1869 to March 4, 1871. All members of the House of Representatives and a third of the senators ( Class I ) were elected in the 1868 congressional elections. This resulted in a majority for the Republican Party in both chambers . The only remaining role for the Democratic Party was in the opposition. The Congress met in the American capital Washington, DC President was the Republican Ulysses S. Grant . The United States actually consisted of 37 states at the time. At the time of the election, however, four former confederate states had not yet been re-admitted to the Union. Between January and July 1870, Virginia , Mississippi , Texas and Georgia, these last former secession states were reintegrated into the Union and provided with congressional representatives. There were then the full number of 37 US states with congressional representations. The distribution of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1860 census .

Important events

See also 1869 1870 and 1871

• March 4, 1869: Beginning of the legislative period of the 41st Congress. At the same time, Ulysses S. Grant, who was also elected in November 1868, was introduced to his new office as US President. He replaces Andrew Johnson .
• The Indian wars continue throughout the legislative period . In addition, the reconstruction time continues.
• May 10, 1869: Completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad
• December 10, 1869: The Wyoming Territory gives women the right to vote. This makes the territory one of the first areas in the world to introduce women's suffrage . On February 12, 1870, the Utah Territory joins this move.
• February 3, 1870: Ratification of the 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution . The right to vote is extended to include African Americans, including ex-slaves.
• February 25, 1870: Hiram Rhodes Revels is the first African American to enter the US Senate. He represents the newly approved state of Mississippi.
• November 1870: In the congressional elections, the Republicans defend their majorities in both chambers.

The main laws

During the session of the 42nd Congress, the following federal laws were passed ( see also: Legislative procedure ):

• March 18, 1869: Public Credit Act of 1869
• May 31, 1870: Enforcement Act of 1870
• June 22, 1870: The United States Department of Justice Act
• July 12, 1870: Currency Act of 1870
• July 14, 1870: Funding Act of 1870

Composition according to parties

senate

• Democratic Party: 9
• Republican Party: 57
• Others (0
• Vacant: 8 (senators of the 4 states that were not re-admitted at the time)

Total: 74 at the beginning of the legislative period, excluding the four states admitted in 1870.

• Democratic Party: 12
• Republican Party: 62
• Others (0
• Vacant: 0

Total: 74 at the end of the legislative period with the four states admitted in 1870.

House of Representatives

• Democratic Party: 65
• Republican Party: 150
• Others (0
• Vacant: 28 (MPs from the four states that were only resumed in 1870)

Total: 243 at the beginning of the legislative period, excluding the four states admitted in 1870.

• Democratic Party: 67
• Republican Party: 169
• Others: 5
• Vacant: 1

Total: 242 at the end of the legislative period with the four states admitted in 1870.

There were also nine congressional delegates who were not entitled to vote

Public officials

senate

• President of the Senate : Schuyler Colfax (R)
• President pro tempore : Henry B. Anthony (R)

House of Representatives

• House Speaker : James G. Blaine (R)

Senate members

The following senators represented their respective states in the 41st Congress:

Alabama 2. Willard Warner (R) 3. George E. Spencer (R) Arkansas 2. Alexander McDonald (R) 3. Benjamin F. Rice (R) California 1. Eugene Casserly (D) 3. Cornelius Cole (R) Connecticut 1. William Alfred Buckingham (R) 3. Orris S. Ferry (R) Delaware 1. James A. Bayard (D) 2. Willard Saulsbury (D) Florida 1. Adonijah Welch (R) 3. Thomas W. Osborn (R) Georgia 2. Homer VM Miller (D) from February 24, 1871 3. Joshua Hill (R) from February 1, 1871 Illinois 2. Richard Yates (R) 3. Lyman Trumbull (R) Indiana 1. Daniel D. Pratt (R) 3. Oliver Morton (R) Iowa 2. James W. Grimes (R) until December 6, 1869 James B. Howell (R) from January 18, 1870 3. James Harlan (R) Kansas 2. Edmund Gibson Ross (R) 3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R) Kentucky 2. Thomas C. McCreery (D) 3. Garrett Davis (D) Louisiana 2. John S. Harris (R) 3. William P. Kellogg (R) Maine 1. Hannibal Hamlin (R) 2. William P. Fessenden (R) until September 8, 1869 Lot M. Morrill (R) from October 30, 1869 Maryland 1. William Thomas Hamilton (D) 3. George Vickers (D) Massachusetts 1. Charles Sumner (R) 2. Henry Wilson (R) Michigan 1. Zachariah Chandler (R) 2. Jacob M. Howard (R) Minnesota 1. Alexander Ramsey (R) 2. Daniel Sheldon Norton (R) until July 13, 1870 William Windom (R) from July 15, 1870 to January 22, 1871 Ozora Pierson Stearns (R) from January 22, 1871 Mississippi 1. Hiram Rhodes Revels (R) from February 23, 1870 2. Adelbert Ames (R) from February 23, 1870

Missouri 1. Carl Schurz (R) 3. Charles D. Drake (R) until December 19, 1870 Daniel T. Jewett (R) from December 19, 1870 to January 20, 1871 Francis Blair (R) from January 20, 1871 Nebraska 1. Thomas Tipton (R) 2. John M. Thayer (R) Nevada 1. William M. Stewart (R) 3. James W. Nye (R) New Hampshire 2. Aaron H. Cragin (R) 3. James W. Patterson (R) New Jersey 1. John P. Stockton (D) 2. Alexander G. Cattell (R) new York 1. Reuben Fenton (R) 3. Roscoe Conkling (R) North Carolina 2. Joseph Carter Abbott (R) 3. John Pool (R) Ohio 1. Allen G. Thurman (R) 3. John Sherman (R) Oregon 2. George H. Williams (R) 3. Henry W. Corbett (R) Pennsylvania 1. John Scott (R) 3. Simon Cameron (R) Rhode Island 1. William Sprague (R) 2. Henry B. Anthony (R) South carolina 2. Thomas J. Robertson (R) 3. Frederick A. Sawyer (R) Tennessee 1. William Gannaway Brownlow (R) 2. Joseph S. Fowler (R) Texas 1. James W. Flanagan (R) from March 30, 1870 2. Morgan C. Hamilton (R) from March 31, 1870 Vermont 1. George F. Edmunds (R) 3. Justin Smith Morrill (R) Virginia 1. John F. Lewis (R) from January 26, 1870 2. John W. Johnston (D) from January 26, 1870 West Virginia 1. Arthur I. Boreman (R) 2. Waitman T. Willey (R) Wisconsin 1. Matthew H. Carpenter (R) 3. Timothy Otis Howe (R)

Members of the House of Representatives

The following congressmen represented the interests of their respective states in the 41st Congress:

Alabama 6 constituencies 1. Alfred Eliab Buck (R) 2. Charles Waldron Buckley (R) 3. Robert Stell Heflin (R) 4. Charles Hays (R) 5. Peter Myndert Dox (D) 6. William Crawford Sherrod (D) Arkansas 3 constituencies 1. Logan Holt Roots (R) 2. Anthony AC Rogers (D) 3. Thomas Boles (R) California 3 constituencies 1. Samuel Beach Axtell (D) 2. Aaron Augustus Sargent (R) 3. James Augustus Johnson (D) Connecticut 4 constituencies 1. Julius L. Strong (R) 2. Stephen Wright Kellogg (R) 3. Henry H. Starkweather (R) 4. William Henry Barnum (D) Delaware state-wide choice Benjamin T. Biggs (D) Florida State-wide Charles Memorial Hamilton (R) Georgia 7 constituencies 1. William W. Paine (D) from December 22, 1870 2. Richard H. Whiteley (R) from December 22, 1870 3. Marion Bethune (R) from December 22, 1870 4. Jefferson F. Long (R) from January 16, 1871 5. Stephen A. Corker (D) from January 24, 1871 6. William P. Price (D) from December 22, 1870 7. Pierce Young (D) from December 22, 1870 Illinois 13 constituencies plus one state-elected MP 1. Norman B. Judd (R) 2. John F. Farnsworth (R) 3. Elihu Benjamin Washburne (R) by March 6, 1869 Horatio C. Burchard (R) from December 6, 1869 4. John B. Hawley (R) 5. Ebon C. Ingersoll (R) 6. Burton C. Cook (R) 7. Jesse Hale Moore (R) 8. Shelby Moore Cullom (R) 9. Thompson W. McNeely (D) 10. Albert G. Burr (D) 11. Samuel S. Marshall (D) 12. John B. Hay (R) 13. John M. Crebs (D) 14. John A. Logan (R) Elected to the state Indiana 11 constituencies 1. William E. Niblack (D) 2. Michael C. Kerr (D) 3. William S. Holman (D) 4. George Washington Julian (R) 5. John Coburn (R) 6. Daniel W. Voorhees (D) 7. Godlove Stein Orth (R) 8. James Noble Tyner (R) 9. John PC Shanks (R) 10. William Williams (R) 11. Jasper Packard (R) Iowa 6 constituencies 1. George Washington McCrary (R) 2. William Smyth (R) by September 30, 1870 William P. Wolf (R) from December 6, 1870 3. William B. Allison (R) 4. William Loughridge (R) 5. Francis W. Palmer (R) 6. Charles Pomeroy (R) Kansas state election Sidney Clarke (R) Kentucky 9 constituencies 1. Lawrence S. Trimble (D) 2. William N. Sweeney (D) 3. Jacob Golladay (D) until February 28, 1870 Joseph Horace Lewis (D) from May 10, 1870 4. J. Proctor Knott (D) 5. Boyd Winchester (D) 6. Thomas Laurens Jones (D) 7. James B. Beck (D) 8. George Madison Adams (D) 9. John McConnell Rice (D) Louisiana 5 constituencies 1. J. Hale Sypher (R) from November 7, 1870 2. Lionel Allen Sheldon (R) 3. Chester Bidwell Darrall (R) 4. Joseph P. Newsham (R) from May 23, 1870 5. Frank Morey (R) Maine 5 constituencies 1. John Lynch (R) 2. Samuel P. Morrill (R) 3. James G. Blaine (R) 4. John A. Peters (R) 5. Eugene Hale (R) Maryland 5 constituencies. 1. Samuel Hambleton (D) 2. Stevenson Archer (D) 3. Thomas Swann (D) 4. Patrick Hamill (D) 5. Frederick Stone (D) Massachusetts 10 constituencies 1. James Buffinton (R) 2. Oakes Ames (R) 3. Twichell Ginery (R) 4. Samuel Hooper (R) 5. Benjamin Franklin Butler (R) 6. Nathaniel Prentiss Banks (R) 7. George S. Boutwell (R) until March 12, 1869 George M. Brooks (R) from November 2, 1869 8. George Frisbie Hoar (R) 9. William B. Washburn (R) 10. Henry L. Dawes (R) Michigan 6 constituencies 1. Fernando C. Beaman (R) 2. William L. Stoughton (R) 3. Austin Blair (R) 4. Thomas W. Ferry (R) until March 3, 1871 5. Omar D. Conger (R) 6. Randolph Strickland (R) Minnesota 2nd constituency 1. Morton S. Wilkinson (R) 2. Eugene McLanahan Wilson (D) Mississippi 5 constituencies 1. George E. Harris (R) from February 23, 1870 2. Joseph L. Morphis (R) from February 23, 1870 3. Henry W. Barry (R) from February 23, 1870 4. George C. McKee (R) 5. Legrand W. Perce (R) from February 23, 1870 Missouri 9 constituencies 1. Erastus Wells (D) 2. Gustavus A. Finkelnburg (R) 3. James Robinson McCormick (D) 4. Sempronius H. Boyd (R) 5. Samuel Swinfin Burdett (R) 6. Robert T. Van Horn (R) 7. Joel Funk Asper (R) 8. John F. Benjamin (R) 9. David Patterson Dyer (R) Nebraska State Choice John Taffe (R) Nevada state-wide election Thomas Fitch (R) New Hampshire 3 electoral divisions 1. Jacob Hart Ela (R) 2. Aaron Fletcher Stevens (R) 3. Jacob Benton (R) New Jersey 5 constituencies 1. William Moore (R) 2. Charles Haight (D) 3. John T. Bird (D) 4. John Hill (R) 5. Orestes Cleveland (D)

New York 31 constituencies. 1. Henry Augustus Reeves (D) 2. John G. Schumaker (D) 3. Henry Warner Slocum (D) 4. John Fox (D) 5. John Morrissey (D) 6. Samuel S. Cox (D) 7. Hervey C. Calkin (D) 8. James Brooks (D) 9. Fernando Wood (D) 10. Clarkson Nott Potter (D) 11. George Woodward Greene (D) until February 17, 1870 Charles Van Wyck (R) from February 17, 1870 12. John H. Ketcham (R) 13. John Ashley Griswold (D) 14. Stephen L. Mayham (D) 15. Adolphus H. Tanner (R) 16. Orange Ferriss (R) 17. William A. Wheeler (R) 18. Stephen Sanford (R) 19. Charles Knapp (R) 20. Addison H. Laflin (R) 21. Alexander H. Bailey (R) 22. John C. Churchill (R) 23. Dennis McCarthy (R) 24. George W. Cowles (R) 25. William H. Kelsey (R) 26. Giles W. Hotchkiss (R) 27. Hamilton Ward (R) 28. Noah Davis (R) through July 15, 1870 Charles H. Holmes (R) from December 6, 1870 29. John Fisher (R) 30. David S. Bennett (R) 31. Porter Sheldon (R) North Carolina 7 constituencies 1. Clinton L. Cobb (R) 2. David Heaton (R) by June 25, 1870 Joseph Dixon (R) from December 5, 1870 3. Oliver H. Dockery (R) 4. John T. Deweese (R) until February 28, 1870 John Manning Jr. (D) from December 7, 1870 5. Israel G. Lash (R) 6. Francis Edwin Shober (D) 7. Alexander H. Jones (R) Ohio 19 constituencies 1. Peter W. Strader (D) 2. Job Evans Stevenson (R) 3. Robert Cumming Schenck (R) until January 5, 1871 4. William Lawrence (R) 5. William Mungen (D) 6. John Armstrong Smith (R) 7. James J. Winans (R) 8. John Beatty (R) 9. Edward F. Dickinson (D) 10. Truman H. Hoag (D) until February 5, 1870 Erasmus D. Peck (R) from April 23, 1870 11. John Thomas Wilson (R) 12. Philadelph Van Trump (D) 13. George W. Morgan (D) 14. Martin Welker (R) 15. Eliakim H. Moore (R) 16. John Bingham (R) 17. Jacob A. Ambler (R) 18. William H. Upson (R) 19. James A. Garfield (R) Oregon state-wide election Joseph Showalter Smith (D) Pennsylvania 24 constituencies 1. Samuel J. Randall (D) 2. Charles O'Neill (R) 3. John Moffet (D) until April 9, 1869 Leonard Myers (R) from April 9, 1869 4. William D. Kelley (R) 5. John Roberts Reading (D) until April 13, 1870 Caleb Newbold Taylor (R) from April 13, 1870 6. John Dodson Stiles (D) 7. Washington Townsend (R) 8. James Lawrence Getz (D) 9. Oliver James Dickey (R) 10. Henry L. Cake (R) 11. Daniel Myers Van Auken (D) 12. George Washington Woodward (D) 13. Ulysses Mercur (R) 14. John Black Packer (R) 15. Richard Jacobs Haldeman (D) 16. John Cessna (R) 17. Daniel Johnson Morrell (R) 18. William Hepburn Armstrong (R) 19. Glenni William Scofield (R) 20. Calvin Willard Gilfillan (R) 21. John Covode (R) From February 9, 1870 to January 11, 1871 22. James Scott Negley (R) 23. Darwin Phelps (R) 24. Joseph Benton Donley (R) Rhode Island 2 electoral districts 1. Thomas Jenckes (R) 2. Nathan Dixon (R) South Carolina 4 electoral divisions 1. Benjamin F. Whittemore (R) until February 24, 1870 Joseph Hayne Rainey (R) from December 12, 1870 2. Christopher C. Bowen (R) 3. Solomon L. Hoge (R) from April 8, 1869 4. Alexander S. Wallace (R) from May 27, 1870 Tennessee 8 constituencies 1. Roderick R. Butler (R) 2. Horace Maynard (R) 3. William Brickly Stokes (R) 4. Lewis Tillman (R) 5. William Farrand Prosser (R) 6. Samuel Mayes Arnell (R) 7. Isaac Roberts Hawkins (R) 8. William Jay Smith (R) Texas 4 constituencies 1. George W. Whitmore (R) from March 31, 1870 2. John C. Conner (D) from March 31, 1870 3. William Thomas Clark (R) from March 31, 1870 4. Eduard Degener (R) from March 31, 1870 Vermont 3 constituencies 1. Charles W. Willard (R) 2. Luke P. Poland (R) 3. Worthington Curtis Smith (R) Virginia 8 constituencies 1. Richard S. Ayer (R) from January 31, 1870 2. James H. Platt (R) from January 26, 1870 3. Charles H. Porter (R) from January 26, 1870 4. George Booker (C = Conservative Party) from January 26, 1870 5. Robert Ridgway) (C) from January 27 to October 16, 1870 Richard Duke (C) from November 8, 1870 6. William Milnes (C) from January 27, 1870 7. Lewis McKenzie (C) from January 31, 1870 8. James K. Gibson (C) from January 28, 1870 West Virginia 3 constituencies 1. Isaac H. Duval (R) 2. James Clark McGrew (R) 3. John Witcher (R) Wisconsin 6 constituencies 1. Halbert E. Paine (R) 2. Benjamin F. Hopkins (R) by January 1, 1870 David Atwood (R) from February 23, 1870 3. Amasa Cobb (R) 4. Charles A. Eldredge (D) 5. Philetus Sawyer (R) 6. Cadwallader C. Washburn (R)

Members of the House of Representatives who are not entitled to vote:

• Arizona Territory : Richard Cunningham McCormick (D)
• Colorado Territory : Allen Alexander Bradford (R)
• Dakota Territory : Solomon L. Spink (R)
• Idaho Territory : Jacob K. Shafer (D)
• Montana Territory : James M. Cavanaugh (D)
• New Mexico Territory : José Francisco Chaves (R)
• Utah Territory : William Henry Hooper (D)
• Washington Territory : Selucius Garfielde (R)
• Wyoming Territory : Stephen Friel Nuckolls (D) from December 6, 1869

Web links

Commons : 41st United States Congress  - collection of images, videos, and audio files

• bioguide.congress.gov (by entering 41 under Year OR Congress: you get a list of the members of the 41st Congress with a link to the official biographies; English)