57th United States Congress

The 57th Congress of the United States , consisting of the House and Senate , was the legislature of the United States . Its legislative term lasted from March 4, 1901 to March 4, 1903. All members of the House of Representatives and a third of the senators ( Class II ) were elected in 1900 in the Congress elections. This resulted in a majority in both chambers for the Republican Party , which with William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt also provided the presidents. The only remaining role for the Democratic Party was in the opposition. The Congress met in the American capital Washington, DC The United States at that time consisted of 45 states. The distribution of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1890 census .

Important events

See also 1901, 1902 and 1903

• March 4, 1901: beginning of the legislative period of the 57th Congress. At the same time, President William McKinley is inducted into his second term.
• September 6, 1901: Leon Czolgosz shoots President McKinley during his visit to the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo , New York . The President is badly wounded.
• September 14, 1901: President McKinley dies as a result of the assassination attempt. His Vice President Theodore Roosevelt becomes the new US President.
• October 16, 1901: President Roosevelt invites Booker T. Washington to the White House. Since Booker is one of the leaders of the Afro-American movement, the invitation is rejected in the southern states and has since led to racist attacks.
• December 3, 1901: President Roosevelt speaks in favor of curbing trust companies.
• June 2, 1902: There is a strike in the coal mining industry that lasts until October 21, 1902.
• July 4, 1902: End of the Philippine-American War
• November 1902: Republicans defend their majority in both chambers in the congressional elections.

The main laws

During the session of the 57th Congress, the following federal laws were passed ( see also: Legislative procedure ):

• June 17, 1902: Newlands Reclamation Act
• June 28, 1902: Isthmian Canal Act to build the Panama Canal
• January 21, 1903: Militia Act of 1903
• February 11, 1903: Expediting Act
• February 19, 1903: Elkins Act
• March 3, 1903: Immigration Act of 1903 see also Anarchist Exclusion Act

Composition according to parties

senate

• Democratic Party: 28
• Republican Party: 56 (majority)
• Others: 5
• Vacant: 1

Total: 90 (status at the end of the legislative period)

House of Representatives

• Democratic Party: 151
• Republican Party: 200 (majority)
• Others: 6

Total: 357

There were also five congressional delegates who were not entitled to vote

Public officials

senate

• President of the Senate : Theodore Roosevelt (R) until September 14, 1901, after which the office was vacant until March 4, 1905
• President pro tempore : William P. Frye (R)

House of Representatives

• House Speaker : David B. Henderson (R)

Leadership of the majority party

• Majority Leader Sereno E. Payne (R)

Leadership of the minority party

• Minority Leader: James D. Richardson (D)

Senate members

The following senators represented their respective states in the 57th Congress:

Alabama 2. John Tyler Morgan (D) 3. Edmund Pettus (D) Arkansas 2. James Henderson Berry (D) 3. James Kimbrough Jones (D) California 1. Thomas R. Bard (R) 3. George Clement Perkins (R) Colorado 2. Thomas MacDonald Patterson (D) 3. Henry Moore Teller (SR = Silver Republican Party ) Connecticut 1. Joseph Roswell Hawley (R) 3. Orville H. Platt (R) Delaware 1. Vacant 2. J. Frank Allee (R) for two days from March 2, 1903. Florida 1. James Taliaferro (D) 3. Stephen R. Mallory Jr. (D) Georgia 2. Augustus Octavius ​​Bacon (D) 3. Alexander S. Clay (D) Idaho 2. Fred Dubois (D) 3. Henry Heitfeld (P = Populist Party) Illinois 2. Shelby Moore Cullom (R) 3. William E. Mason (R) Indiana 1. Albert J. Beveridge (R) 3. Charles W. Fairbanks (R) Iowa 2. Jonathan P. Dolliver (R) 3. William B. Allison (R) Kansas 2. Joseph R. Burton (R) 3. William A. Harris (P) Kentucky 2. Joseph Blackburn (D) 3. William Joseph Deboe (R) Louisiana 2. Murphy J. Foster (D) 3. Samuel D. McEnery (D) Maine 1. Eugene Hale (R) 2. William P. Frye (R) Maryland 1. Louis E. McComas (R) 3. George Wellington (R) Massachusetts 1. Henry Cabot Lodge (R) 2. George Frisbie Hoar (R) Michigan 1. Julius C. Burrows (R) 2. James McMillan (R) until August 10, 1902 Russell Alexander Alger (R) from September 27, 1902 Minnesota 1. Moses Edwin Clapp (R) 2. Knute Nelson (R) Mississippi 1. Hernando Money (D) 2. Anselm J. McLaurin (D) Missouri 1. Francis Cockrell (D) 3. George Graham Vest (D) Montana 1. William A. Clark (D) 2. Paris Gibson (D)

Nebraska 1. William V. Allen (P) until March 28, 1901 Charles Henry Dietrich (R) from December 2, 1901 2. Joseph Hopkins Millard (R) from March 28, 1901 Nevada 1. William M. Stewart (R) 3. John P. Jones (R) New Hampshire 2. Henry E. Burnham (R) 3. Jacob Harold Gallinger (R) New Jersey 1. John Kean (R) 2. William Joyce Sewell (R) until December 27, 1901 John F. Dryden (R) from January 29, 1902 new York 1. Chauncey Depew (R) 3. Thomas C. Platt (R) North Carolina 2. Furnifold McLendel Simmons (D) 3. Jeter Connelly Pritchard (R) North Dakota 1. Porter J. McCumber (R) 3. Henry C. Hansbrough (R) Ohio 1. Mark Hanna (R) 3. Joseph B. Foraker (R) Oregon 2. John H. Mitchell (R) 3. Joseph Simon (R) Pennsylvania 1. Matthew Quay (R) 3. Boies Penrose (R) Rhode Island 1. Nelson W. Aldrich (R) 2. George P. Wetmore (R) South carolina 2. Benjamin Tillman (D) 3. John L. McLaurin (D) South Dakota 2. Robert J. Gamble (R) 3. James H. Kyle (R) through July 1, 1901 Alfred B. Kittredge (R) from July 11, 1901 Tennessee 1. William B. Bate (D) 2. Edward W. Carmack (D) Texas 1. Charles Allen Culberson (D) 2. Joseph Weldon Bailey (D) Utah 1. Thomas Kearns (R) 3. Joseph Lafayette Rawlins (D) Vermont 1. Redfield Proctor (R) 3. William P. Dillingham (R) Virginia 1. John W. Daniel (D) 2. Thomas S. Martin (D) Washington 1. Addison G. Foster (Silver Republican) 3. George Turner (Silver Republican) West Virginia 1. Nathan B. Scott (R) 2. Stephen Benton Elkins (R) Wisconsin 1. Joseph V. Quarles (R) 3. John Coit Spooner (R) Wyoming 1. Clarence Don Clark (R) 2. Francis E. Warren (R)

Members of the House of Representatives

The following congressmen represented the interests of their respective states in the 57th Congress:

Alabama 9 constituencies 1. George W. Taylor (D) 2. Ariosto A. Wiley (D) 3. Henry De Lamar Clayton, Jr. (D) 4. Sydney J. Bowie (D) 5. Charles Winston Thompson (D) 6. John H. Bankhead (D) 7. John Lawson Burnett (D) 8. William N. Richardson (D) 9. Oscar Underwood (D) Arkansas 6 constituencies. 1. Philip D. McCulloch (D) 2. John Sebastian Little (D) 3. Thomas Chipman McRae (D) 4. Charles C. Reid (D) 5. Hugh A. Dinsmore (D) 6. Stephen Brundidge (D) California 7 constituencies. 1. Frank Coombs (R) 2. Samuel D. Woods (R) 3. Victor H. Metcalf (R) 4. Julius Kahn (R) 5. Eugene F. Loud (R) 6. James McLachlan (R) 7. James C. Needham (R) Colorado 2 constituencies 1. John F. Shafroth (SR) 2. John Calhoun Bell (P) Connecticut 4 constituencies 1. E. Stevens Henry (R) 2. Nehemiah D. Sperry (R) 3. Charles A. Russell (R) until October 23, 1902 Frank B. Brandegee (R) from November 4, 1902 4. Ebenezer J. Hill (R) Delaware state-wide choice L. Heisler Ball (R) Florida Two constituencies 1. Stephen M. Sparkman (D) 2. Robert Wyche Davis (D) Georgia 11 constituencies 1. Rufus E. Lester (D) 2. James M. Griggs (D) 3. Elijah B. Lewis (D) 4. William C. Adamson (D) 5. Leonidas F. Livingston (D) 6. Charles Lafayette Bartlett (D) 7. John W. Maddox (D) 8. William Marcellus Howard (D) 9. Farish Carter Tate (D) 10. William Henry Fleming (D) 11. William Gordon Brantley (D) Idaho state-wide election Thomas L. Glenn (P) Illinois 22 constituencies 1. James Robert Mann (R) 2. John J. Feely (D) 3. George Peter Foster (D) 4. James McAndrews (D) 5. William F. Mahoney (D) 6. Henry Sherman Boutell (R) 7. George Edmund Foss (R) 8. Albert J. Hopkins (R) 9. Robert R. Hitt (R) 10. George W. Prince (R) 11. Walter Reeves (R) 12. Joseph Gurney Cannon (R) 13. Vespasian Warner (R) 14. Joseph V. Graff (R) 15. J. Ross Mickey (D) 16. Thomas J. Selby (D) 17. Ben F. Caldwell (D) 18. Thomas M. Jett (D) 19. Joseph B. Crowley (D) 20. James R. Williams (D) 21. Fred J. Kern (D) 22. George W. Smith (R) Indiana 13 constituencies 1. James A. Hemenway (R) 2. Robert W. Miers (D) 3. William T. Zenor (D) 4. Francis M. Griffith (D) 5. Elias S. Holliday (R) 6. James Eli Watson (R) 7. Jesse Overstreet (R) 8. George W. Cromer (R) 9. Charles B. Landis (R) 10. Edgar D. Crumpacker (R) 11. George Washington Steele (R) 12. James McClellan Robinson (D) 13. Abraham L. Brick (R) Iowa 11 constituencies 1. Thomas Hedge (R) 2. John NW Rumple (R) until January 31, 1903, after which the seat remained vacant 3. David B. Henderson (R) 4. Gilbert N. Haugen (R) 5. Robert G. Cousins (R) 6. John F. Lacey (R) 7. John AT Hull (R) 8. William Peters Hepburn (R) 9. Walter I. Smith (R) 10. James Perry Conner 11. Lot Thomas (R) Kansas 7 constituencies. In addition, a member was elected nationwide 1. Charles Curtis (R) 2. Justin De Witt Bowersock (R) 3. Alfred Metcalf Jackson (D) 4. James Monroe Miller (R) 5. William A. Calderhead (R) 6. William A. Reeder (R) 7. Chester I. Long (R) 8. Charles Frederick Scott (R) elected state-wide Kentucky 11 constituencies 1. Charles K. Wheeler (D) 2. Henry Dixon Allen (D) 3. John Stockdale Rhea (D) until March 25, 1902 J. McKenzie Moss (R) from March 25, 1902 4. David Highbaugh Smith (D) 5. Harvey Samuel Irwin (R) 6. Daniel Linn Gooch (D) 7. South Trimble (D) 8. George G. Gilbert (D) 9. James Nicholas Kehoe (D) 10. Thomas Y. Fitzpatrick (D) 11. Vincent Boreing (R) Louisiana 6 constituencies 1. Adolph Meyer (D) 2. Robert C. Davey (D) 3. Robert F. Broussard (D) 4. Phanor Breazeale (D) 5. Joseph E. Ransdell (D) 6. Samuel Matthews Robertson (D) Maine 4 constituencies 1. Amos L. Allen (R) 2. Charles E. Littlefield (R) 3. Edwin C. Burleigh (R) 4. Llewellyn Powers (R) Maryland 6 constituencies. 1. William Humphreys Jackson (R) 2. Albert Blakeney (R) 3. Frank Charles Wachter (R) 4. Charles Reginald Umbrella (R) 5. Sydney Emanuel Mudd (R) 6. George Alexander Pearre (R) Massachusetts 13 constituencies 1. George P. Lawrence (R) 2. Frederick H. Gillett (R) 3. John R. Thayer (D) 4. Charles Q. Tirrell (R) 5. William Shadrach Knox (R) 6. William H. Moody (R) by May 1, 1902 Augustus Peabody Gardner (R) from November 4, 1902 7. Ernest W. Roberts (R) 8. Samuel W. McCall (R) 9. Joseph A. Conry (D) 10. Henry F. Naphen (D) 11. Samuel L. Powers (R) 12. William C. Lovering (R) 13. William S. Greene (R) Michigan 12 constituencies 1. John Blaisdell Corliss (R) 2. Henry C. Smith (R) 3. Washington Gardner (R) 4. Edward L. Hamilton (R) 5. William Alden Smith (R) 6. Samuel William Smith (R) 7. Edgar Weeks (R) 8. Joseph W. Fordney (R) 9. Roswell P. Bishop (R) 10. Rousseau Owen Crump (R) by May 1, 1901 Henry H. Aplin (R) from October 15, 1901 11. Archibald B. Darragh (R) 12. Carlos D. Shelden (R) Minnesota 7th constituencies 1. James Albertus Tawney (R) 2. James McCleary (R) 3. Joel Heatwole (R) 4. Frederick Stevens (R) 5. Loren Fletcher (R) 6. Robert P. Morris (R) 7. Frank Eddy (R) Mississippi 7 constituencies 1. Ezekiel S. Candler (D) 2. Thomas Spight (D) 3. Pat Henry (D) 4. Andrew F. Fox (D) 5. John Sharp Williams (D) 6. Frank A. McLain (D) 7. Charles E. Hooker (D) Missouri 15 constituencies 1. James Tilghman Lloyd (D) 2. William W. Rucker (D) 3. John Dougherty (D) 4. Charles F. Cochran (D) 5. William S. Cowherd (D) 6. David A. De Armond (D) 7. James Cooney (D) 8. Dorsey William Shackleford (D) 9. Champ Clark (D) 10. Richard Bartholdt (R) 11. Charles Frederick Joy (R) 12. James Joseph Butler (R) until June 28, 1902 and again from Nov. 4, 1902 to Feb. 26, 1903 George Chester Robinson Wagoner (R) from February 26, 1903 13. Edward Robb (D) 14. Willard Duncan Vandiver (D) 15. Maecenas Eason Benton (D) Montana state-wide choice Caldwell Edwards (P) Nebraska 6 constituencies 1. Elmer Jacob Burkett (R) 2. David Henry Mercer (R) 3. John Seaton Robinson (D) 4. William Ledyard Stark (P) 5. Ashton C. Shallenberger (D) 6. William Neville (P)

Nevada state-wide election Francis G. Newlands (D) New Hampshire 2 electoral divisions 1. Cyrus A. Sulloway (R) 2. Frank Dunklee Currier (R) New Jersey 8 constituencies 1. Henry C. Loudenslager (R) 2. John J. Gardner (R) 3. Benjamin Franklin Howell (R) 4. Joshua S. Salmon (D) until May 6, 1902 De Witt C. Flanagan (D) from June 18, 1902 5. James F. Stewart (R) 6. Richard W. Parker (R) 7. Allan Langdon McDermott (D) 8. Charles N. Fowler (R) New York 34 constituencies 1. Frederic Storm (R) 2. John Joseph Fitzgerald (D) 3. Henry Bristow (R) 4. Harry A. Hanbury (R) 5. Frank E. Wilson (D) 6. George H. Lindsay (D) 7. Nicholas Muller (D) until December 1, 1902 Montague Lessler (R) from January 7, 1903 8. Thomas J. Creamer (D) 9. Henry M. Goldfogle (D) 10. Amos J. Cummings (D) until May 2, 1902 Edward Swann (D) from November 4, 1902 11. William Sulzer (D) 12. George B. McClellan Jr. D) 13. Oliver Belmont (D) 14. William H. Douglas (R) 15. Jacob Ruppert (D) 16. Cornelius Amory Pugsley (D) 17. Arthur S. Tompkins (R) 18. John H. Ketcham (R) 19. William Draper (R) 20. George N. Southwick (R) 21. John Knox Stewart (R) 22. Lucius Littauer (R) 23. Louis W. Emerson (R) 24. Charles L. Knapp (R) from November 5, 1901 25. James S. Sherman (R) 26. George W. Ray (R) through September 11, 1902 John Wilbur Dwight (R) from November 4th 1902 27. Michael E. Driscoll (R) 28. Sereno E. Payne (R) 29. Charles W. Gillet (R) 30. James Wolcott Wadsworth (R) 31. James Breck Perkins (R) 32.William H. Ryan (D) 33.De Alva S. Alexander (R) 34. Edward B. Vreeland (R) North Carolina 9 constituencies 1. John Humphrey Small (D) 2. Claude Kitchin (D) 3. Charles R. Thomas (D) 4. Edward W. Pou (D) 5. William Walton Kitchin (D) 6. John Dillard Bellamy (D) 7. Theodore F. Kluttz (D) 8. Edmond Spencer Blackburn (R) 9. James M. Moody (D) until February 5, 1903 thereafter the seat remained vacant North Dakota State Election Thomas Frank Marshall (R) Ohio 21 constituencies 1. William B. Shattuc (R) 2. Jacob H. Bromwell (R) 3. Robert M. Nevin (R) 4. Robert B. Gordon (D) 5. John S. Snook (D) 6. Charles Q. Hildebrant (R) 7. Thomas B. Kyle (R) 8. William R. Warnock (R) 9. James H. Southard (R) 10. Stephen Morgan (R) 11. Charles H. Grosvenor (R) 12. Emmett Tompkins (R) 13. James A. Norton (D) 14. William W. Skiles (R) 15. H. Clay Van Voorhis (R) 16. Joseph J. Gill (R) 17. John W. Cassingham (D) 18. Robert Walker Tayler (R) 19. Charles WF Dick (R) 20. Jacob A. Beidler (R) 21. Theodore E. Burton (R) Oregon 2 constituencies 1. Thomas H. Tongue (R) until January 11, 1903, after which the seat remained vacant 2. Malcolm A. Moody (R) Pennsylvania 28 constituencies. In addition, two representatives were elected nationwide 1. Henry H. Bingham (R) 2. Robert Adams (R) 3. Henry Burk (R) 4. James R. Young (R) 5. Edward de Veaux Morrell (R) 6. Thomas S. Butler (R) 7. Irving Price Wanger (R) 8. Howard Mutchler (D) 9. Henry Dickinson Green (D) 10. Marriott Henry Brosius (R) until March 16, 1901 Henry B. Cassel (R) from November 5, 1901 11. William Connell (R) 12. Henry Wilbur Palmer (R) 13. George Robert Patterson (R) 14. Marlin Edgar Olmsted (R) 15. Charles Frederick Wright (R) 16. Elias Deemer (R) 17. Rufus King Polk (D) until March 5, 1902 Alexander Billmeyer (D) from November 4, 1902 18. Thaddeus Maclay Mahon (R) 19. Robert Jacob Lewis (R) 20. Alvin Evans (R) 21. Summers Melville Jack (R) 22. John Dalzell (R) 23. William Graham Harrison (R) 24. Ernest F. Acheson (R) 25. Joseph Baltzell Showalter (R) 26. Arthur Laban Bates (R) 27. Joseph C. Sibley (D) 28. James Hall (D) until Nov. 29, 1902. Thereafter, the seat remained vacant 29. Robert H. Foerderer (R) elected nationwide 30. Galusha A. Grow (R) elected nationwide Rhode Island 2 electoral districts 1. Melville Bull (R) 2. Adin B. Capron (R) South Carolina 7 constituencies. 1. William Elliott (D) 2. W. Jasper Talbert (D) 3. Asbury Latimer (D) 4. Joseph T. Johnson (D) 5. David E. Finley (D) 6. Robert B. Scarborough (D) 7. J. William Stokes (D) until July 6, 1901 Asbury Francis Lever (D) from November 5, 1901 South Dakota State-wide election for both MPs Charles H. Burke (R) Martin (R) Tennessee 10 constituencies 1. Walter P. Brownlow (R) 2. Henry R. Gibson (R) 3. John A. Moon (D) 4. Charles Edward Snodgrass (D) 5. James D. Richardson (D) 6. John W. Gaines (D) 7. Lemuel P. Padgett (D) 8. Thetus W. Sims (D) 9. Rice Alexander Pierce (D) 10. Malcolm R. Patterson (D) Texas 13 constituencies. 1. Thomas Henry Ball (D) 2. Samuel B. Cooper (D) 3. Reese C. De Graffenreid (D) until August 29, 1902 Gordon J. Russell (D) from November 4, 1902 4. John Levi Sheppard (D) until October 11, 1902 Morris Sheppard (D) from November 15, 1902 5. Choice B. Randell (D) 6. Robert E. Burke (D) until June 5, 1901 Dudley G. Wooten (D) from July 13, 1901 7. Robert Lee Henry (D) 8. Samuel WT Lanham (D) until January 15, 1903, after which the seat remained vacant 9. Albert S. Burleson (D) 10. George Farmer Burgess (D) 11. Rudolph Kleberg (D) 12. James Luther Slayden (D) 13. John Hall Stephens (D) Utah State Election George Sutherland (R) Vermont 2 constituencies 1. David J. Foster (R) 2. Kittredge Haskins (R) Virginia 10 constituencies 1. William Atkinson Jones (D) 2. Harry L. Maynard (D) 3. John Lamb (D) 4. Francis R. Lassiter (D) 5. Claude A. Swanson (D) 6. Peter J. Otey (D) until May 4, 1902 Carter Glass (D) from November 4, 1902 7. James Hay (D) 8. John Franklin Rixey (D) 9. William Francis Rhea (D) 10. Henry D. Flood (D) Washington state wide election Francis W. Cushman (R) Wesley Livsey Jones (R) West Virginia 4 electoral divisions 1. Blackburn B. Dovener (R) 2. Alston G. Dayton (R) 3. Joseph H. Gaines (R) 4. James A. Hughes (R) Wisconsin 10 constituencies 1. Henry A. Cooper (R) 2. Herman Bjorn Dahle (R) 3. Joseph W. Babcock (R) 4. Theobald Otjen (R) 5. Samuel S. Barney (R) 6. James H. Davidson (R) 7. John J. Esch (R) 8. Edward S. Minor (R) 9. Webster E. Brown (R) 10. John J. Jenkins (R) Wyoming state-wide elections Franklin Wheeler Mondell (R)

Members of the House of Representatives who are not entitled to vote:

• Arizona Territory : Marcus A. Smith (D)
• Hawaii Territory : Robert William Wilcox (Independent)
• New Mexico Territory : Bernard Shandon Rodey (R)
• Oklahoma Territory : Dennis Thomas Flynn (R)
• Puerto Rico : Federico Degetau (R)

Web links

Commons : 57th United States Congress  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

• bioguide.congress.gov (by entering 57 under Year OR Congress: you get a list of the members of the 57th Congress with a link to the official biographies; English)