43rd United States Congress

The 43rd United States Congress , made up of the House and Senate , was the United States' legislature . Its legislative period lasted from March 4, 1873 to March 4, 1875. All members of the House of Representatives and a third of the senators ( Class III ) were elected in the 1872 congressional elections. This resulted in a majority for the Republican Party in both chambers . The only remaining role for the Democratic Party was in the opposition. The Congress met in the American capital Washington, DC President was the Republican Ulysses S. Grant . The United States then consisted of 37 states. The distribution of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1870 census .

Important events

See also 1873 1874 and 1875

• March 4, 1873: Beginning of the legislative period of the 43rd Congress. At the same time, President Grant is inducted into his second term.
• The Indian wars continue throughout the legislative period . The country also suffers from an economic crisis that broke out on September 18, 1873. In addition, the reconstruction time continues.
• May 20, 1874: Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive a sponsorship for blue jeans whose corners of the trouser pockets are reinforced with rivets.
• July 1, 1874: The first public zoo in the United States opens in Philadelphia .
• November 4, 1874: US congressional elections. For the first time since 1860, the Democrats get a majority in the House of Representatives. Republicans retain a majority in the Senate.

The main laws

During the session of the 43rd Congress, the following federal laws were passed ( see also: Legislative procedure ):

• June 23, 1874: Poland Act (To the Mormons and Polygamy)
• January 14, 1875: Specie Payment Resumption Act
• March 1, 1875: Civil Rights Act of 1875
• March 3, 1875: Tariff of 1875
• March 3, 1875: Page Act of 1875 See also Page Act

Composition according to parties

senate

• Democratic Party: 20
• Republican Party: 51
• Others: 2
• Vacant: 1

Total: 74 at the end of the legislative period

House of Representatives

• Democratic Party: 91
• Republican Party: 189
• Others: 10
• Vacant: 2

Total: 292 For the first time, after the census of 1870, the number of MPs was set at 292.

There were also ten congressional delegates who were not entitled to vote

Public officials

senate

• President of the Senate : Henry Wilson (R)
• President per tempore : Matthew H. Carpenter (R) until January 4, 1875, then Henry B. Anthony (R)

House of Representatives

• House Speaker : James G. Blaine (R)

Senate members

The following senators represented their respective states in the 43rd Congress:

Alabama 2. George Goldthwaite (D) 3. George E. Spencer (R) Arkansas 2. Powell Clayton (R) 3. Stephen Wallace Dorsey (R) California 1. Eugene Casserly (D) until November 29, 1873 John S. Hager (D) from December 23, 1873 3. Aaron Augustus Sargent (R) Connecticut 1. William Alfred Buckingham (R) until February 5, 1875 William W. Eaton (D) from February 5, 1875 3. Orris S. Ferry (LR = Liberal Republican) Delaware 1. Thomas F. Bayard (D) 2. Eli M. Saulsbury (D) Florida 1. Abijah Gilbert (R) 3. Simon B. Conover (R) Georgia 2. Thomas M. Norwood (D) 3. John Brown Gordon (D) Illinois 2. John A. Logan (R) 3. Richard James Oglesby (R) Indiana 1. Daniel D. Pratt (R) 3. Oliver Morton (R) Iowa 2. George G. Wright (R) 3. William B. Allison (R) Kansas 2. Alexander Caldwell (R) until March 24, 1873 Robert Crozier (R) from November 24, 1873 to February 2, 1874 James Madison Harvey (R) from February 8, 1874 3. John James Ingalls (R) Kentucky 2. John W. Stevenson (D) 3. Thomas C. McCreery (D) Louisiana 2. Joseph R. West (R) 3. Vacant Maine 1. Hannibal Hamlin (R) 2. Lot M. Morrill (R) Maryland 1. William Thomas Hamilton (D) 3. George R. Dennis (D) Massachusetts 1. Charles Sumner (LR) until March 11, 1874 William B. Washburn (R) from April 17, 1874 2. George S. Boutwell (R) from March 17, 1873 Michigan 1. Zachariah Chandler (R) 2. Thomas W. Ferry (R) Minnesota 1. Alexander Ramsey (R) 2. William Windom (R)

Mississippi 1. Adelbert Ames (R) until March 17, 1873 Henry R. Pease (R) from February 3, 1874 2. James L. Alcorn (R) Missouri 1. Carl Schurz (R) 3. Lewis V. Bogy (D) Nebraska 1. Thomas Tipton (R) 2. Phineas Warren Hitchcock (R) Nevada 1. William M. Stewart (R) 3. John P. Jones (R) New Hampshire 2. Aaron H. Cragin (R) 3. Bainbridge Wadleigh (R) New Jersey 1. John P. Stockton (D) 2. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R) new York 1. Reuben Fenton (R) 3. Roscoe Conkling (R) North Carolina 2. Matt Whitaker Ransomware (D) 3rd Augustus Summerfield Merrimon (D) Ohio 1. Allen G. Thurman (D) 3. John Sherman (R) Oregon 2. James K. Kelly (D) 3. John H. Mitchell (R) Pennsylvania 1. John Scott (R) 3. Simon Cameron (R) Rhode Island 1. William Sprague (R) 2. Henry B. Anthony (R) South carolina 2. Thomas J. Robertson (R) 3. John J. Patterson (R) Tennessee 1. William Gannaway Brownlow (R) 2. Henry Cooper (D) Texas 1. James W. Flanagan (R) 2. Morgan C. Hamilton (LR) Vermont 1. George F. Edmunds (R) 3. Justin Smith Morrill (R) Virginia 1. John F. Lewis (R) 2. John W. Johnston (D) West Virginia 1. Arthur I. Boreman (R) 2. Henry G. Davis (D) Wisconsin 1. Matthew H. Carpenter (R) 3. Timothy Otis Howe (R)

Members of the House of Representatives

The following congressmen represented the interests of their respective states in the 43rd Congress:

Alabama 6 constituencies and two state-elected MPs 1. Frederick George Bromberg (LR = Liberal Republican) 2. James T. Rapier (R) 3. Charles Pelham (R) 4. Charles Hays (R) 5. John Henry Caldwell (D) 6. Joseph Humphrey Sloss (D) 7. Charles Christopher Sheats (R) elected state-wide 8. Alexander White (R) elected state-wide Arkansas 3 constituencies and a state-elected MP 1. Asa Hodges (R) 2. Oliver P. Snyder (R) 3. William Wallace Wilshire (R) until June 16, 1874 Thomas M. Gunter (D) from June 16, 1874 4. William Joseph Hynes (LR) elected state-wide California 4 constituencies 1. Charles Clayton (R) 2. Horace F. Page (R) 3. John K. Luttrell (D) 4. Sherman Otis Houghton (R) Connecticut 4 constituencies 1. Joseph Roswell Hawley (R) 2. Stephen Wright Kellogg (R) 3. Henry H. Starkweather (R) 4. William Henry Barnum (D) Delaware state-wide choice James R. Lofland (R) Florida Two state-elected MPs 1. Josiah T. Walls (R) 2. William J. Purman (R) by January 25, 1875 Georgia 9 constituencies 1. Morgan Rawls (D) until March 24, 1874 Andrew Sloan (R) from March 24, 1874 2. Richard H. Whiteley (R) 3. Philip Cook (D) 4. Henry R. Harris (D) 5. James C. Freeman (R) 6. James Henderson Blount (D) 7. Pierce Young (D) 8. Alexander Hamilton Stephens (D) from December 1, 1873 9. Hiram Parks Bell (D) Illinois 19 constituencies 1. John Blake Rice (R) until December 17, 1874 Bernard G. Caulfield (D) from February 1, 1875 2. Jasper D. Ward (R) 3. Charles B. Farwell (R) 4. Stephen A. Hurlbut (R) 5. Horatio C. Burchard (R) 6. John B. Hawley (R) 7. Franklin Corwin (R) 8. Greenbury L. Fort (R) 9. Granville Barrere (R) 10. William H. Ray (R) 11. Robert M. Knapp (D) 12. James Carroll Robinson (D) 13. John McNulta (R) 14. Joseph Gurney Cannon (R) 15. John R. Eden (D) 16. James Stewart Martin (R) 17. William Ralls Morrison (D) 18. Isaac Clements (R) 19. Samuel S. Marshall (D) Indiana 10 constituencies plus three state-elected MPs 1. William E. Niblack (D) 2. Simeon K. Wolfe (D) 3. William S. Holman (D) 4. Jeremiah M. Wilson (R) 5. John Coburn (R) 6. Morton C. Hunter (R) 7. Thomas J. Cason (R) 8. James Noble Tyner (R) 9. John PC Shanks (R) 10. Henry B. Sayler (R) 11. Jasper Packard (R) elected state wide 12. Godlove Stein Orth (R) elected state wide 13. William Williams (R) elected state-wide Iowa 9 constituencies 1. George Washington McCrary (R) 2. Aylett R. Cotton (R) 3. William G. Donnan (R) 4. Henry Otis Pratt (R) 5. James Wilson (R) 6. William Loughridge (R) 7. John A. Kasson (R) 8. James W. McDill (R) 9. Jackson Orr (R) Kansas All three MPs were state-elected 1. David Perley Lowe (R) 2. Stephen A. Cobb (R) 3. William A. Phillips (R) Kentucky 10 constituencies 1. Edward Crossland (D) 2. John Young Brown (D) 3. Charles W. Milliken (D) 4. William B. Read (D) 5. Elisha Standiford (D) 6. William Evans Arthur (D) 7. James B. Beck (D) 8. Milton J. Durham (D) 9. George Madison Adams (D) 10. John Duncan Young (D) Louisiana 5 constituencies and one state-elected MP 1. J. Hale Sypher (R) through March 3, 1875 Effingham Lawrence (D) from March 3, 1875, only served for one day 2. Lionel Allen Sheldon (R) 3. Chester Bidwell Darrall (R) 4. George Luke Smith (R) from November 24, 1873 5. Frank Morey (R) 6. George A. Sheridan (LR) elected state-wide Maine 5 constituencies 1. John H. Burleigh (R) 2. William P. Frye (R) 3. James G. Blaine (R) 4. Samuel F. Hersey (R) until February 3, 1875 5. Eugene Hale (R) Maryland 6 constituencies. 1. Ephraim King Wilson (D) 2. Stevenson Archer (D) 3. William J. O'Brien (D) 4. Thomas Swann (D) 5. William Albert (R) 6. Lloyd Lowndes (R) Massachusetts 11 constituencies 1. James Buffinton (R) 2. Benjamin W. Harris (R) 3. William Whiting (R) until June 29, 1873 Henry L. Pierce (R) from December 1, 1873 4. Samuel Hooper (R) 5. Daniel W. Gooch (R) 6. Benjamin Franklin Butler (R) 7. Ebenezer R. Hoar (R) 8. John MS Williams (R) 9. George Frisbie Hoar (R) 10. Alvah Crocker (R) until December 26, 1874 Charles A. Stevens (R) from January 27, 1875 11. Henry L. Dawes (R) Michigan 9 constituencies 1. Moses W. Field (R) 2. Henry Waldron (R) 3. George Willard (R) 4. Julius C. Burrows (R) 5. Wilder D. Foster (R) until September 20, 1873 William B. Williams (R) from December 1, 1873 6. Josiah Begole (R) 7. Omar D. Conger (R) 8. Nathan B. Bradley (R) 9. Jay Abel Hubbell (R) Minnesota 3rd constituency 1. Mark H. Dunnell (R) 2. Horace B. Strait (R) 3. John T. Averill (R) Mississippi 6 constituencies 1. Lucius Lamar (D) 2. Albert R. Howe (R) 3. Henry W. Barry (R) 4. Jason Niles (R) 5. George C. McKee (R) 6. John R. Lynch (R) Missouri 13 constituencies 1. Edwin O. Stanard (R) 2. Erastus Wells (D) 3. William Henry Stone (D) 4. Robert Anthony Hatcher (D) 5. Richard P. Bland (D) 6. Harrison E. Havens (R) 7. Thomas Theodore Crittenden (D) 8. Abram Comingo (D) 9. Isaac Charles Parker (R) 10. Ira B. Hyde (R) 11. John Bullock Clark (D) 12. John Montgomery Glover (D) 13. Aylett Hawes Buckner (D) Nebraska State Choice Lorenzo Crounse (R)

Nevada state-wide election Charles West Kendall (D) New Hampshire 3 electoral divisions 1. William B. Small (R) 2. Austin F. Pike (R) 3. Hosea Washington Parker (D) New Jersey 7 constituencies 1. John W. Hazelton (R) 2. Samuel A. Dobbins (R) 3. Amos Clark (R) 4. Robert Hamilton (D) 5. William Walter Phelps (R) 6. Marcus Lawrence Ward (R) 7. Isaac W. Scudder (R) New York 32 constituencies. In addition, a member was elected nationwide 1. Henry Joel Scudder (R) 2. John G. Schumaker (D) 3. Stewart L. Woodford (R) by July 1, 1874 Simeon B. Chittenden (IR = Independent Republican) from November 3, 1874 4. Philip S. Crooke (R) 5. William R. Roberts (D) 6. James Brooks (D) until April 30, 1873 Samuel S. Cox (D) from November 4, 1873 7. Thomas J. Creamer (D) 8. John D. Lawson (R) 9. David B. Mellish (R) until May 23, 1874 Richard Schell (D) from December 7, 1874 10. Fernando Wood (D) 11. Clarkson Nott Potter (D) 12. Charles St. John (R) 13. John O. Whitehouse (D) 14. David M. De Witt (D) 15. Eli Perry (D) 16. James S. Smart (R) 17. Robert S. Hale (R) 18. William A. Wheeler (R) 19. Henry H. Hathorn (R) 20. David Wilber (R) 21. Clinton L. Merriam (R) 22. Ellis H. Roberts (R) 23. William E. Lansing (R) 24. R. Holland Duel (R) 25. Clinton D. MacDougall (R) 26. William H. Lamport (R) 27. Thomas C. Platt (R) 28. Horace B. Smith (R) 29. Freeman Clarke (R) 30. George Gilbert Hoskins (R) 31. Lyman K. Bass (D) 32.Walter L. Sessions (R) 33. Lyman Tremain (R) elected state-wide North Carolina 8 constituencies 1. Clinton L. Cobb (R) 2. Charles R. Thomas (R) 3. Alfred Moore Waddell (D) 4. William Alexander Smith (R) 5. James Madison Leach (D) 6. Thomas Samuel Ashe (D) 7. William M. Robbins (D) 8. Robert B. Vance (D) Ohio 20 constituencies 1. Milton Sayler (D) 2. Henry B. Banning (LR) 3. John Quincy Smith (R) 4. Lewis B. Gunckel (R) 5. Charles N. Lamison (D) 6. Isaac R. Sherwood (R) 7. Lawrence T. Neal (D) 8. William Lawrence (R) 9. James Wallace Robinson (R) 10. Charles Foster (R) 11. Hezekiah S. Bundy (R) 12. Hugh J. Jewett (D) until June 23, 1874 William E. Finck (D) from December 7, 1874 13. Milton I. Southard (D) 14. John Berry (D) 15. William P. Sprague (R) 16. Lorenzo Danford (R) 17. Laurin D. Woodworth (R) 18. James Monroe (R) 19. James A. Garfield (R) 20. Richard C. Parsons (R) Oregon state-wide election Joseph G. Wilson (R) until July 2, 1873 James W. Nesmith (D) from December 1, 1873 Pennsylvania 24 constituencies. In addition, three deputies were elected nationwide 1. Samuel J. Randall (D) 2. Charles O'Neill (R) 3. Leonard Myers (R) 4. William D. Kelley (R) 5. Alfred C. Harmer (R) 6. James Soloman Biery (R) 7. Washington Townsend (R) 8. Hiester Clymer (D) 9. Abraham Lord Smith (R) 10. John Weinland Killinger (R) 11. John Brutzman Storm (D) 12. Lazarus Denison Shoemaker (R) 13. James Dale Strawbridge (R) 14. John Black Packer (R) 15. John Alexander Magee (D) 16. John Cessna (R) 17. Robert Milton Speer (D) 18. Sobieski Ross (R) 19. Carlton Brandaga Curtis (R) 20. Hiram Lawton Richmond (R) 21. Alexander Wilson Taylor (R) 22. James Scott Negley (R) 23. Ebenezer McJunkin (R) through January 1, 1875 John McCandless Thompson (R) from December 22, 1874 24. William S. Moore (R) 25. Charles Albright (R) elected state wide 26. Glenni William Scofield (R) elected state-wide 27. Lemuel Todd (R) elected state-wide Rhode Island 2 electoral districts 1. Benjamin T. Eames (R) 2. James M. Pendleton (R) South Carolina 4 electoral divisions. In addition, a member was elected nationwide 1. Joseph Hayne Rainey (R) 2. Alonzo J. Ransier (R) 3. Robert B. Elliott (R) until November 1, 1874 Lewis C. Carpenter (R) from November 3, 1874 4. Alexander S. Wallace (R) 5. Richard H. Cain (R) elected state-wide Tennessee 9 constituencies. In addition, a member was elected nationwide 1. Roderick R. Butler (R) 2. Jacob Montgomery Thornburgh (R) 3. William Crutchfield (R) 4. John Morgan Bright (D) 5. Horace Harrison (R) 6. Washington C. Whitthorne (D) 7. John Atkins (D) 8. David Alexander Nunn (R) 9. Barbour Lewis (R) 10. Horace Maynard (R) elected state wide Texas 4 constituencies. In addition, two representatives were elected nationwide 1. William S. Herndon (D) 2. William P. McLean (D) 3. De Witt Clinton Giddings (D) 4. John Hancock (D) 5. Roger Q. Mills (D) elected nationwide 6. Asa H. Willie (D) elected state-wide Vermont 3 constituencies 1. Charles W. Willard (R) 2. Luke P. Poland (R) 3. George Whitman Hendee (R) Virginia 9 constituencies 1. James Beverley Sener (R) 2. James H. Platt (R) 3. John Ambler Smith (R) 4. William Stowell (R) 5. Alexander Davis (D) until March 5, 1874 Christopher Yancy Thomas (R) from March 5, 1874 6. Thomas Whitehead (D) 7. John T. Harris (D) 8. Eppa Hunton (D) 9. Rees Bowen (D) West Virginia 3 constituencies 1. John James Davis (Independent Democrat) 2. John Hagans (R) 3. Frank Hereford (D) Wisconsin 8 constituencies 1. Charles G. Williams (R) 2. Gerry Whiting Hazelton (R) 3. J. Allen Barber (R) 4. Alexander Mitchell (D) 5. Charles A. Eldredge (D) 6. Philetus Sawyer (R) 7. Jeremiah McLain Rusk (R) 8. Alexander S. McDill (R)

Members of the House of Representatives who are not entitled to vote:

• Arizona Territory : Richard Cunningham McCormick (National Union Party)
• Colorado Territory : Jerome Bunty Chaffee (R)
• Dakota Territory : Moses K. Armstrong (D)
• District of Columbia : Norton P. Chipman (R)
• Idaho Territory : John Hailey (D)
• Montana Territory : Martin Maginnis (D)
• New Mexico Territory : Stephen Benton Elkins (R)
• Utah Territory : George Q. Cannon (R)
• Washington Territory : Obadiah B. McFadden (D)
• Wyoming Territory : William Randolph Steele (D)

Web links

Commons : 43rd United States Congress  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

• bioguide.congress.gov (by entering 43 under Year OR Congress: you get a list of the members of the 43rd Congress with a link to the official biographies; English)