Lanzhou
| Lánzhōu Shì 兰州 市 Lanzhou |
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 View of the Yellow River and Lanzhou |
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| Coordinates | 36 ° 1 ′ N , 103 ° 52 ′ E | ||
| Basic data | |||
| Country | People's Republic of China | ||
| region | Northwest China | ||
| province | Gansu | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | CN-GS | ||
| status | District-free city | ||
| structure | 5 city districts, 3 districts | ||
| height | 1518 m | ||
| surface | 13,100 km² | ||
| Residents | 3,705,500 (2016) | ||
| density | 282.9 Ew. / km² | ||
| Post Code | 730000 | ||
| Telephone code | (+86) 931 | ||
| Time zone | China Standard Time (CST) UTC +8 |
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| License Plate | 甘 A | ||
| Website | www.lz.gansu.gov.cn | ||
| politics | |||
| mayor | Yuan Zhanting | ||
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Lanzhou ( 兰州 市 , Lánzhōu Shì ) is the capital of Gansu Province in the northwest of the People's Republic of China .
history
Originally belonging to the Qiang region, Lanzhou was founded in the 6th century BC. Part of the kingdom of Qin . At that time Lanzhou was known as Jincheng (Golden City). In 81 BC During the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) , Lanzhou became the capital of the area ( 縣 / 县 , xiàn = (district)) and later of the prefecture ( 郡 , jùn = district) Jincheng . The area was renamed Yunwu ( 允 吾 , yǔnwú ).
At least since the first millennium BC The city was an important connection point of the historic northern Silk Road and also an important place for crossing the Yellow River . It was a kind of border crossing between the Chinese heartland in the southeast and the warring tribes in the north and west. To protect the city, the Great Wall of China was extended to the city of Yumen .
After the fall of the Han dynasty , Lanzhou became the capital of various successor states. In the 4th century it briefly became the capital of the independent state of Former Liang . The Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534) restored Jincheng Prefecture under the name Zicheng . Under the Sui Dynasty (581-618), the city was the first capital of Lanzhou Prefecture 蘭州 府 / 兰州 府 , lánzhōufǔ , which it remained under the Tang Dynasty (618-907). In 763 the area was conquered by Tibet , but was recaptured by the Tang Dynasty in 843. The area later fell to the Tanguts before it was recaptured in 1041 by the Song Dynasty (960–1126). The name was changed back to Lanzhou at the time, and the prefecture was renamed Lanzhuan. Between the 5th and 11th centuries the region of today's Gansu Province became a center of Buddhism . In 1127 Lanzhou fell to the Jin Dynasty and from 1235 the city belonged to the Mongols . Under the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) the prefecture was downgraded to the status of a region and placed under Lintao Prefecture . In 1477 the old status was restored.
The city received its current name in 1656 during the Qing Dynasty (1616–1911). In 1666, Lanzhou became the capital of the newly founded independent province of Gansu. In 1739 the seat of Lintao was relocated to Lanzhou, from which the superordinate Lanzhou Prefecture later developed.
During the Dungan uprising of 1864-1875, the city suffered severe damage. In 1909, the Zhongshan Bridge (today's name), the first permanent bridge over the Yellow River, was completed. In the 1920s and 1930s, Lanzhou became a center of Soviet influence in northwest China. During the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), Lanzhou was the end point of the 3200 km long highway that was used for Soviet deliveries to the Xi'an region . The highway was completed in 1935 and remained the most important traffic connection in northwest China until the construction of the railway line to Ürümqi . During the war, Lanzhou was subjected to heavy Japanese bombing.
geography
Lanzhou is located on the upper reaches of the Yellow River at 1518 m. It is the only city in China with the Yellow River flowing through it over a length of 50 km. The smallest width of the city is 1 km. At this point the city is surrounded by mountains on both banks.
As a district-free city , its administrative area includes five districts, three districts, a total of 13,271 km². At the end of 2004 Lanzhou had a population of around 3.09 million, 880,000 of them in the Chengguan (城关 区) district, the actual city center with an area of 220 km². The city is surrounded by Loess Mountains .
climate
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Lanzhou
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Administrative structure
At the county level, Lanzhou is made up of five municipalities and three counties:
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| # | Surname | chin. | Pinyin | Inhabitants (2004) |
Area (km²) | Population
density (/ km²) |
| Townships | ||||||
| 1 | Chengguan | 城关 区 | Chéngguān Qū | 880,000 | 220 | 4,000 |
| 2 | Qilihe | 七里 河 区 | Qīlǐhé Qū | 450,000 | 397 | 1.134 |
| 3 | Xigu | 西 固 区 | Xīgù Qū | 320,000 | 385 | 831 |
| 4th | Anning | 安宁 区 | Ānníng Qū | 210,000 | 86 | 2,442 |
| 5 | Honggu | 红 古 区 | Hónggǔ Qū | 140,000 | 575 | 243 |
| Circles | ||||||
| 6th | Yongdeng | 永登 县 | Yǒngdēng Xiàn | 500,000 | 6.090 | 82 |
| 7th | Gaolan | 皋兰 县 | Gāolán Xiàn | 170,000 | 2.556 | 67 |
| 8th | Yuzhong | 榆中 县 | Yúzhōng Xiàn | 420,000 | 3.362 | 125 |
Population development
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1985 | 1,350,000 |
| 1986 | 1,390,000 |
| 2004 | 3,090,000 |
| 2008 | 3.310.100 |
| 2016 | 3,705,500 |
Cityscape
Lanzhou is an emerging city with a large number of high-rise buildings. The cityscape is loosened up a little by a few mosques and temples, but Lanzhou looks dreary due to the many prefabricated buildings and the omnipresent dust , dirt and smog. Individual paths in the inner city consist of trodden earth.
Since coal is used almost exclusively for heating, air pollution reaches its peak in the cold season: Due to the boiler location, the exhaust gases collect over the city and keep the sky almost continuously gray. In order to put an end to this situation, explosions are repeatedly carried out in the surrounding mountains to enable the smog bell to be removed.
Lanzhou was voted the dirtiest city on earth by the World Resources Institute in 1998 . Even today, Lanzhou is one of the ten most polluted cities in the world (as of 2008).
Attractions
- Bingling Si , a Buddhist temple complex in caves outside the city, built mostly during the Tang Dynasty (618-907)
- Gansu Provincial Museum , a cultural history museum
- The Lanzhou Earthquake Museum is devoted to various aspects of the region's earthquake disasters in the past
- "White Pagoda Park" with a seven-story pagoda , which was built during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), is located on the banks of the Huang He
- The water wheel park provides information about the old irrigation instruments
- The Monument to Mother Huanghe (Mother of the Yellow River)
Education and Research
The Lanzhou University was founded in 1909 and today has about 20,000 students. The university is divided into four campuses. Of these, three are located in the city center, while the fourth is located in Yuzhong , about 50 km away . The university is considered to be one of the best in northwest China. It offers one of China's best doctoral programs in physics , chemistry and geography . The programs in biology , botany , mathematics , history , media studies , ecology and Chinese literature also enjoy a good reputation.
The Pedagogical University Northwest China (Northwest Normal University) goes back to an older institution from the year 1902nd
traffic
air
The Lanzhou Zhongchuan Airport ( IATA : ZGC, ICAO : zLLL) is located 73 kilometers north of the center of the city. Opened in 2001, it is a major hub for Gansu and all of western China. Today 35 destinations in China are served from Lanzhou.
train
There are long-distance connections to Beijing , Shanghai , Urumqi and Baotou . The Lanxin Railway ends in Lanzhou and is the only train connection between the Xinjiang region and the rest of China. Since 2006 there has been a connection to the Tibetan capital Lhasa . The 2188-kilometer route is covered in just under 28 hours. The intermediate stops are Xining , Delhi , Golmud , Amdo , Nagqu and Damxung . In June 2019, the Lanzhou subway began trial operations.
Street
Lanzhou is connected to the surrounding area. It is also on highways 212 from Lanzhou to Chongqing , 213 from Lanzhou to Mohan in Yunnan and 312 from Shanghai to Yining in Xinjiang .
Panorama picture
Town twinning
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Albuquerque in the US since 1996 -
Akita in Japan since 1982 -
Christchurch in New Zealand
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Nouakchott in Mauritania
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Chorley in the UK
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Penza in Russia
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Ashgabat in Turkmenistan
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Young Shire in Australia
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ Xian Xiaowei, Zhang Linyuan, Ai Nanshan and Wilhelm Wohlke: On the relation between the evolution of natural environment and human factors and the development of urban settlement — Take the Lanzhou Valley Basin as an examples . Chinese Geographical Science, Vol. 1, pp. 42-53 (1991) doi : 10.1007 / BF02664455 .
- ^ C. Michael Hogan, Silk Road, North China , the Megalithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham
- ↑ http://www.asian-gwadi.org/events/global/gwadi07/gwadi_lanzhou_brochure.pdf
- ↑ http://www.weatheronline.de/cgi-bin/aktregion?TYP=tmax&ART=tabelle&JJ=xxxx&MM=03&TT=15&TIME=1230&KEY=asie&LANG=en&SORT=1&INT=06
- ↑ http://de.allmetsat.com/klima/ostchina.php?code=52889
- ^ A b Colin Mackerras , Amanda Yorke: The Cambridge handbook of contemporary China . Cambridge University Press 1991, Cambridge, England, ISBN 0521387558 , p. 177
- ↑ Thick air on the Yellow River: So that the wind could blow through China's dirtiest city, they once wanted to remove a mountain
- ↑ Chinese University Ranking 2009 ( Memento of the original from February 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
