District of Bischofswerda
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| District of the GDR | Dresden |
| County seat | Bischofswerda |
| surface | 316 km² (1989) |
| Residents | 64,251 (1989) |
| Population density | 203 inhabitants / km² (1989) |
| District Administrator | Joachim Gries (1990–1994) |
| License Plate | R and Y (1953–1990) RC, YC (1974–1990) BIW (1991–1994) |
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| The Bischofswerda district in the Dresden district | |
The Bischofswerda district was an administrative unit in the Dresden district of the German Democratic Republic from 1952 to 1990 . From 1990 to 1994 it was an administrative unit in the state of Saxony as the district of Bischofswerda . His area is now in the Bautzen district . The seat of the district administration was in Bischofswerda .
geography
location
The Bischofswerda district was one of the smallest districts in the Dresden district . It was about 20 km east of the district capital Dresden in the west of Upper Lusatia .
Neighboring areas
The district of Bischofswerda bordered clockwise in the south, beginning with the districts of Sebnitz , Dresden-Land , Kamenz and Bautzen . In the southeast it bordered on Czechoslovakia .
Landscape and natural space
The south-east of the district extended into the Lusatian highlands . Two elongated mountain ranges running in a west-east direction frame the valley of the Wesenitz . The Valtenberg on the southern border of the district is at 587 m the highest point in the Lusatian mountains. An observation tower allows a wide view from here, especially to the east towards Schirgiswalde . The Wesenitz rises on the southeast slope of the Valtenberg. It initially flows in a wide arc around the Valtenberg, crosses the former district area to the west and turns a few kilometers behind the town of Bischofswerda in a southerly direction. The heights of the Lusatian highlands are predominantly made up of spruce forests, while the valleys are occupied by settlements, fields, meadows and pastures. In Demitz-Thumitz the largest lay granite quarries of the GDR. Granite has been mined here since the middle of the 19th century and shipped to Hamburg and Antwerp. In the west and north of the Lusatian mountains, the landscape merges into the West Lusatian foothills without any sharp borders . Isolated wooded ridges at heights of 350 to 400 meters loosen up the landscape of the otherwise agriculturally used area.
history
The district of Bischofswerda was established in the course of the district reforms in the GDR on July 25, 1952. The majority of the communities came from the old district of Bautzen . The district was assigned to the newly formed Dresden district . The town of Bischofswerda became the district seat . The following districts and their communities contributed to the formation of the district:
- 20 municipalities from the Bautzen district :
- Bischofswerda, Burkau, Demitz-Thumitz, Frankenthal, Geißmannsdorf, Goldbach, Großdrebnitz, Großharthau, Medewitz, Naundorf, Neukirch / L., Pohla, Putzkau, Rammenau, Ringenhain, Rothnaußlitz, Schmölln, Schönbrunn / L., Tröbigau and Weickersdorf;
- 2 municipalities from the Dresden district :
- Kleinröhrsdorf and Leppersdorf;
- 6 municipalities from the Kamenz district :
- Bretnig-Hauswalde, Großröhrsdorf, Kleindittmannsdorf, Lichtenberg, Ohorn and Pulsnitz;
- 4 municipalities from the Pirna district :
- Bühlau, Lauterbach, Schmiedefeld and Seeligstadt.
On May 17, 1990, the district was renamed the Bischofswerda district. After the German reunification the circle was the ländereinführungsgesetz awarded the state of Saxony. The district of Bischofswerda existed until the end of July 1994, due to changes in the area of the municipality the number of municipalities fell to 18 by the time it was dissolved, with the Lauterbach municipality coming to the town of Stolpen in the Sebnitz district . For the first Saxon district reform , the remaining communities were divided between the districts of Kamenz (6 communities) and Bautzen (12 communities).
The Bischofswerda district covered an area of 317 km². The population was 75,900 in 1955 and 68,500 around 1986.
Due to changes in the municipality, the number of municipalities in the district fell from 30 to 18 between 1990 and its dissolution:
- December 4, 1952 Leppersdorf was reclassified from the Bischofswerda district to the Dresden district
- December 4, 1952 reclassification from Uhyst a. Divers from the Kamenz district to the Bischofswerda district
- 1st July 1968 incorporation of Medewitz into Demitz-Thumitz
- 1st July 1969 incorporation of Kleindittmannsdorf in Lichtenberg
- May 1st 1973 incorporation of Großgehächen in Uhyst am Taucher
- January 1, 1974 Geißmannsdorf is incorporated into the city of Bischofswerda
- January 1st, 1977 Weickersdorf is incorporated into Goldbach
- March 1, 1994 Incorporation of Kleinhänchen, Kamenz district in Burkau
- January 1, 1994 Pohla and Rothnaußlitz incorporated into Demitz-Thumitz
- January 1, 1994 Incorporation of Bühlau and Schmiedefeld in Großharthau
- January 1, 1994 Integration of Lauterbach into the city of Stolpen ( district of Sebnitz )
- January 1st, 1994 Integration of Schönbrunn / Lausitz into the city of Bischofswerda
- January 1st, 1994 Uhyst am Taucher is incorporated in Burkau
- January 1, 1994 Incorporation of Naundorf to Gaussig ( district of Bautzen )
- March 1, 1994 Integration of Goldbach in Großdrebnitz
- March 1, 1994 Integration of Seeligstadt in Großharthau
- March 1, 1994 Merger of Putzkau, Schmölln / OL, and Tröbigau to form Schmölln-Putzkau
Economy and Transport
The location of the town of Bischofswerda on the long-distance trade route between Dresden and Bautzen was decisive for economic development. As early as the 16th century, cloth and linen weaving was widespread in the entire district. Ribbon and belt weaving developed from this, especially in Großröhrsdorf. The textile and clothing industry played a major role. The production of gingerbread (Pulsnitz) also has a long tradition .
The furniture and plastics processing industry in Großröhrsdorf as well as the paper industry, iron foundry and handicrafts (pottery, blueprint ) in Pulsnitz were also important. The blueprint in Pulsnitz was the only such production facility in the GDR as a technical monument . Agricultural machinery, lighting glass, glass finishing and ceramic products were manufactured in Bischofswerda. Cattle breeding and grain growing were the most important branches of agriculture. The number of people employed in this branch of the economy was comparatively high.
A special attraction of the district was the baroque castle Rammenau with the spruce museum. The area around Weifa in the southeast of the district (near Neukirch) was under monument protection because of its numerous half-timbered houses , in which hand-weaving was once operated .
The F 6 followed an old trade route, the F 98 crossed the district in the south for about 10 km. In the north the motorway ran from Dresden to Bautzen through the district area. Furthermore, the railway line from Dresden to Görlitz crossed the district via Bischofswerda.
language
Parts of the Bischofswerda district belonged to the peripheral, but not main, settlement area of the Sorbs .
In the majority of the former district, including the district town itself, West Lusatian dialect is spoken, which changes to the Upper Lusatian dialect in the southeast (especially in the present-day communities Demitz-Thumitz, Schmölln-Putzkau, Neukirch / Lausitz and Steinigtwolmsdorf) .
Population data of cities and municipalities
Population overview of all 30 communities in the district that came to the re-established state of Saxony in 1990.
| AGS | local community | Residents | Area (ha) | |
| 10/03/1990 | December 31, 1990 | |||
| 14015010 | Bischofswerda, city | 12,754 | 12,632 | 1,854 |
| 14015020 | Bretnig | 3.216 | 3,193 | 1,441 |
| 14015030 | Bühlau | 550 | 546 | 634 |
| 14015040 | Burkau | 1.915 | 1.917 | 1,331 |
| 14015050 | Demitz-Thumitz | 2,625 | 2,599 | 965 |
| 14015060 | Frankenthal | 1,135 | 1,125 | 943 |
| 14015080 | Goldbach | 857 | 856 | 1,129 |
| 14015090 | Großdrebnitz | 891 | 889 | 1,065 |
| 14015110 | Großharthau | 1,511 | 1,511 | 777 |
| 14015120 | Großröhrsdorf, city | 6,898 | 6,894 | 1.911 |
| 14015140 | Kleinröhrsdorf | 563 | 559 | 734 |
| 14015150 | Lauterbach | 626 | 625 | 1,088 |
| 14015160 | Lichtenberg | 1,806 | 1,785 | 1,475 |
| 14015180 | Naundorf | 507 | 503 | 561 |
| 14015190 | Neukirch / Lausitz | 6,294 | 6,291 | 2.132 |
| 14015200 | Ohorn | 2,485 | 2,474 | 1,182 |
| 14015210 | Pohla | 470 | 487 | 601 |
| 14015220 | Pulsnitz, city | 6.104 | 6,072 | 1,097 |
| 14015230 | Putzkau | 1,942 | 1.941 | 2,404 |
| 14015240 | Rammenau | 1,452 | 1,446 | 1,076 |
| 14015250 | Ring Grove | 914 | 923 | 346 |
| 14015260 | Rothnaußlitz | 482 | 481 | 541 |
| 14015270 | Blacksmith field | 459 | 458 | 667 |
| 14015280 | Schmölln / OL | 1,479 | 1,461 | 547 |
| 14015290 | Schönbrunn / Lausitz | 457 | 460 | 580 |
| 14015300 | Seeligstadt | 594 | 593 | 1,649 |
| 14015310 | Steinigtwolmsdorf | 2,101 | 2,084 | 1,060 |
| 14015320 | Tröbigau | 385 | 380 | 344 |
| 14015330 | Uhyst a. Diver | 753 | 741 | 1,117 |
| 14015350 | Weifa | 705 | 705 | 388 |
| 14015 | District of Bischofswerda | 62,930 | 62,631 | 31,641 |
License Plate
Motor vehicles (with the exception of motorcycles) and trailers were assigned three-letter distinguishing signs starting with the letter pairs RC and YC from around 1974 to the end of 1990 . The last number plate series used for motorcycles was YW 30-01 to YW 60-00 .
At the beginning of 1991 the district received the distinctive sign BIW . It was issued until July 31, 1994. It has been available in the Bautzen district since November 9, 2012 .
Codes
Postcodes until 1993
- 8500: Bischofswerda
- 8501: Bühlau, Goldbach, Großdrebnitz, Frankenthal, Lauterbach, Lichtenberg, Naundorf, Pohla, Rammenau, Ringenhain, Rothnaußlitz, Schmiedefeld, Schönbrunn, Seeligstadt, Tröbigau, Uhyst aT, Weifa
- 8502: Burkau
- 8503: Demitz-Thumitz
- 8504: Großharthau
- 8505: Neukirch / Lausitz
- 8506: Ohorn
- 8507: Putzkau
- 8508: Schmölln / OL
- 8509: Steinigtwolmsdorf
- 8512: Großröhrsdorf
- 8513: Bretnig-Hauswalde
- 8514: Pulsnitz
Postal codes since 1993
- 01877, 01896, 01900, 01904, 01906, 01909
Telephone prefixes
- 035200: Seeligstadt
- 035930: Naundorf, Rothnaußlitz
- 03594: Bischofswerda, Demitz-Thumitz, Goldbach, Großdrebnitz, Putzkau, Rammenau, Schmölln / OL, Schönbrunn, Tröbigau
- 035951: Neukirch / Lausitz, Ringenhain, Steinigtwolmsdorf, Weifa
- 035952: Bretnig-Hauswalde, Großröhrsdorf
- 035953: Burkau, Pohla, Uhyst aT
- 035954: Bühlau, Frankenthal, Großharthau, Schmiedefeld
- 035955: Lichtenberg, Ohorn, Pulsnitz
- 035973: Lauterbach
Individual evidence
- ^ Statistical yearbooks of the German Democratic Republic. In: DigiZeitschriften. Retrieved October 6, 2009 .
- ^ A b Diercke Lexicon Germany - German Democratic Republic and Berlin (East) . Georg Westermann Verlag GmbH, Braunschweig 1986, ISBN 3-07-508861-7 , p. 152 .
- ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
- ↑ Law on the self-administration of municipalities and districts in the GDR (municipal constitution) of May 17, 1990
- ↑ Saxony regional register
- ↑ Renaming of the municipality without changing the area on October 1, 1992 from Bretnig to Bretnig-Hauswalde. See also the entry in the Saxony regional register for the municipality of Bretnig .
- ↑ Andreas Herzfeld: The history of the German license plate . 4th edition. German Flag Society V., Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-935131-11-7 , pp. 302 f .
- ↑ Andreas Herzfeld: The history of the German license plate . 4th edition. German Flag Society V., Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-935131-11-7 , pp. 502 .