List of general superintendents, provosts, provosts and bishops of the Lutheran Church for Holstein
The office of spiritual director in Holstein for the Lutheran Church changed names on various occasions. From 1541 the Provost zu Itzehoe took over the supervision of all churches in the Duchy of Holstein. Various divisions and mergers of the divisions of the spiritual leaders followed.
Note on the official titles and areas
Christian III von Schleswig and Holstein, who ruled as co-regent of his father King Frederick I of Denmark and Norway as Duke in Schleswig and Holstein, had already promoted the Reformation in his Schleswig possessions from 1523 . Christian III ruled between 1533 and 1544. the duchies of Holstein and Schleswig alone and, after the dispute over the succession, also gained Denmark (1534) and Norway (1537). In 1537 he pushed through the Lutheran Reformation in all four countries . In 1542 he issued the church ordinance for Holstein and Schleswig, designed by Johannes Bugenhagen . As a result, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bremen , represented on many practical issues by its Hamburg canons from the separate cathedral chapter there , lost its influence in Holstein. Until Count Otto IV of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg converted to Lutheranism in 1559, Catholicism remained predominant in Holstein-Pinneberg , which in 1640 became part of Holstein's royal stake.
In 1544, King Christian III. and his brothers Duke Johann II and Duke Adolf I shared the lordly income from the duchies of Holstein and Schleswig among themselves in equal parts and at the same time agreed on a three-person government of the duchies by the royal Danish house of Oldenburg , which from John's heirless death in 1580 would only be two and the branch line of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf established during the division . The respective fiscal catchment areas, territorially fragmented, but the same when divided from the point of view of income, were henceforth called Holstein royal share and Holstein ducal share , and Duke Johann's share in Holstein still existed until 1580.
In 1545 Duke Johann II created the office of General Propest for Holstein Duke Johann's share for the parishes of his share . In 1549, Duke Adolf I followed his example and created the office of General Propst for Holstein ducal shares for the parishes of his share . The royal provost of Itzehoe was only responsible for the Lutheran parishes in Holstein on a royal basis.
In 1559 the three brothers subjugated the previously independent Dithmarschen , divided the country into three parts and dissolved the Dithmarian regional church founded in 1523, which had accepted the Lutheran confession in 1533. The Dithmarian parishes were subordinated to the responsible ducal general provost and the royal provost of Itzehoe. After Johann II's death without heir, Adolf I and Christian III shared. his share among each other in equal parts.
From the creation of these offices, the ducal general provosts were responsible for all Lutheran parishes in the entire area of the respective sovereign, i.e. cross-border both in Holstein and Schleswig. The provost of Itzehoe, on the other hand, initially did not officiate for parishes in Schleswig, because there - with interruption - Lutheran bishops still worked there until 1624, Tilemann von Hussen , Friedrich of Denmark , the youngest brother of Christian III., Johanns II. And Adolfs I, which latter Friedrich followed in the bishopric. Most recently, Christians III. Grandson Ulrich of Denmark holds the office of bishop (1602–1624).
From 1636 ducal general provost and royal provost both traded as general superintendent of Holstein's ducal and royal share . From the last third of the 17th century the general superintendents for Holstein, ducal and royal, were no longer always simultaneously appointed in the same function for Schleswig. In 1784 the areas of office of the general superintendent for Holstein, ducal and royal shares, were merged to form a general superintendent for Holstein. Between 1855 and 1871 and since 1925 the senior Lutheran clergyman has the title of bishop. Between 1855 and 1867 the episcopal area was called Holstein Monastery - as is common in Denmark . During the Austrian occupation from 1864–1866 there were no changes.
In 1868, one year after the Prussian annexation of Holstein and Schleswig as the Province of Schleswig-Holstein , the Lutheran congregations of the province were combined in the new Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church of Schleswig-Holstein , one of the recognized Protestant regional churches in the Prussian state, which governed the state church regiment (Summepiskopat) held. From 1871, the leading clergyman again held the title of general superintendent for Holstein. Due to the separation of state and religion according to the Weimar Constitution , the sovereign church regime expired.
The new church order of the Schleswig-Holstein regional church from 1925 took this into account. Among other things, the leading clergy now again carried the official title of bishop for Holstein, alongside a bishop for Schleswig. In 1933, the majority of the National Socialist German Christians deposed the Bishop for Holstein in the regional synod . The office of regional bishop of Schleswig-Holstein existed until 1945. In 1946 the regional church found its way back to the old church order and a new bishop for Holstein was appointed. In 1977, the National Church of Schleswig-Holstein merged with three other Lutheran churches to North Elbe Evangelical Lutheran Church , with the Office of the Bishop to the parishes of the former state churches Eutin and Lübeck to Sprengel Holstein-Lübeck was extended, while its southern areas at the Sprengel Hamburg went . In 2008, the Schleswig and Holstein district was created, alongside the Hamburg and Lübeck district .
Provosts and general provosts until 1580
| Holstein royal share | Holstein Duke Johann's share | Holstein ducal share | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1541-1557 | Johannes Anthoni | Provost of Itzehoe, overseer of all royal churches | 1545-1553 | Vincentius Alberti (from Leeuwarden , 1553 †) | Generalpropst for Duke JohannsShare (HJA), also a visitor in Nordstrand , from 1549 on also pastor and provost in Tondern | 1549-1562 | Volquard Jonas | General Propst for Holstein ducal share (HhA) and Schleswig ducal share (ShA), court preacher at Gottorf Castle , resigned in favor of a pastorate in Garding |
| 1557-1559 | Johannes Bulichius | Provost to Itzehoe | 1554-1560 | Johannes Vorstius | Generalpropst (HJA), at the same time provost of Hadersleben , then switched to royal services as pastor in Itzehoe, provost at the Münsterdorf consistory | |||
| 1559-1599 | Johannes Vorstius | Provost of Itzehoe, until then general provost for Duke Johann's share (HJA) | 1560-1569 | Georgius Boëthius Agricola | Generalpropst (HJA), also provost of Hadersleben and provost of Nordstrand from 1553 | 1562-1593 | Paul von Eitzen | Generalpropst (HhA, ShA), also Oberhofprediger zu Gottorf, resigned |
| 1569-1573 | Vacancy, unsuccessful advertisement for Lucas Bacmeister | Peter Boëthius , pastor at Königsbüll on the beach , and H. Tast, pastor at Bupsee on the beach, as Vicepröpste | ||||||
| 1599-1601 | vacancy | 1573-1580 | Georgius Schröder | Generalpropst (HJA), pastor of Hadersleben, at the same time provost of Hadersleben and over Nordstrand | ||||
| In 1580 Adolf I and Christian III shared. in Duke Johann's share. | ||||||||
Provosts, general provosts and general superintendents 1580 to 1784
| Holstein royal share | Holstein ducal share | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1601-1623 | Matthias Clodius ( Mark , * 1560, † October 16, 1623) | Provost to Itzehoe | 1593-1610 | Jacob Fabricius the Elder | Generalpropst (HhA, ShA), court preacher at Gottorf, dismissed | |||
| 1623-1632 | Detlev Meier (theologian) (Flensburg, * November 1582, † 1653 in Aurich ) | Provost of Itzehoe, dismissed for alleged cryptocalvinism | 1610-1616 | Philip Caesar | Generalpropst (HhA, ShA), court preacher on Gottorf, expelled as a cryptocalvinist of the country | |||
| 1632-1636 | vacancy | 1616-1640 | Jacob Fabricius the Elder | Generalpropst (HhA, ShA), court preacher at Gottorf, reinstated, from 1636 with the title general superintendent | ||||
| 1636-1668 | Stephan Klotz , (also Clotzius; Lippstadt, September 13, 1606– May 13, 1668, Flensburg ) | General superintendent for Holstein royal share (HkA), seat: Flensburg, provost and pastor there at the same time; after 1640 and for the rule Pinneberg responsible | 1640-1645 | Jacob Fabricius the Younger | Gen.Supt. (HhA, ShA), already from 1622 court preacher adjunct to Gottorf and general provost adjunct | |||
| 1645-1673 | Johann Reinboth | Gen.Supt. (HhA, ShA), at the same time provost of Husum and Gottorf | ||||||
| 1668-1674 | Johan (n) Hudemann , (Wewelsfleth, October 12, 1606– March 24, 1678) | Gen.Supt. (HkA), at the same time pastor in Crempe and provost of Münsterdorf , Segeberg and Pinneberg , from 1673 also general superintendent for Schleswig's royal share (SkA), | ||||||
| 1678-1684 | Christian von Stökken (also sticks, sticks, or sticks) | Gen.Supt. (HkA, SkA), from 1677 already Vice-Gen.Sup., As well as pastor and provost of Rendsburg | 1674-1684 | Sebastian Niemann | Gen.Supt. (HhA), also Oberhofprediger auf Gottorf, provost of Gottorf and Trittau, from 1674 already Gen.Supt. (ShA) | |||
| 1684-1687 | Herrmann Erdmann | Gen.Supt. (HkA), seat: Glückstadt, seat of government since 1640 (HkA) | 1684-1697 | Caspar Herrmann Sandhagen | Gen.Supt. (HhA), at the same time senior preacher at Gottorf | |||
| 1688-1689 | Just (us) Valentin Stemann | Gen.Supt. (HkA), as well as the church council to Glückstadt | ||||||
| 1689-1709 | Josua Schwartz (also Schwarz; Waldau in Pomerania, now Wałdowo, a district of Sępólno Krajeńskie , February 5, 1632– January 6, 1709, Rendsburg) | Gen.Supt. (HkA), as well as church councilor, provost of Flensburg and Rendsburg, from 1684 already Gen.Supt. (SkA), seat from 1693: Rendsburg | 1698-1733 | Hinrich Muhlius | Gen.Supt. (HhA), at the same time senior court preacher at Gottorf, until 1714 at the same time Gen.Supt. for Schleswig ducal share | |||
| 1709-1721 | Theodor Dassov | Gen.Supt. (HkA, SkA), from 1713 also Gen.Supt. Schleswig ducal share (ShA), so that Gen.Supt. for all of Schleswig | ||||||
| 1721-1724 | Thomas Clausen | Gen.Supt. (HkA, Schleswig), also provost of Gottorf, Rendsburg and Eiderstedt | ||||||
| 1724-1728 | Andreas Hoyer (also Hojer; Karlum, May 16, 1654– July 10, 1728, Rendsburg) | Gen.Supt. (HkA, Schleswig), also provost of Eiderstedt, Flensburg, Gottorf, Husum , Rendsburg and Schwabstedt , as early as 1694 Vicepropst | ||||||
| 1729-1747 | Georg Johannes Conradi | Gen.Supt. (HkA, Schleswig), at the same time provost of Eiderstedt, Flensburg, Gottorf, Husum, Rendsburg and Schwabstedt | 1733-1735 | Georg Heinrich Reimarus | Gen.Supt. (HhA), also vice-president in the senior consistory | |||
| 1735-1748 | Anton Caspar Engel | Gen.Supt. (HhA), also abbot | ||||||
| 1747-1757 | Jeremias Friedrich Reuss | Gen.Supt. (HkA, Schleswig), who was also provost of Eiderstedt, Flensburg, Gottorf, Husum, Rendsburg and Schwabstedt, resigned in favor of a professorship in Tübingen | 1749-1766 | Gustav Christoph Hoßmann | Gen.Supt. (HhA), at the same time senior consistorial councilor and church councilor | |||
| 1759-1791 | Adam Struensee | Gen.Supt. (Holstein, Schleswig), also senior consistorial councilor, until 1784 already Gen.Supt. (HkA, Schleswig) | 1766-1784 | Friedrich Franz Hasselmann | Gen.Supt. (HhA), also pastor to Neumünster, | |||
| The ducal house of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf had given its share in Holstein to the royal house of Oldenburg in exchange for the county of Oldenburg in 1773 , and after Hasselmann's death the general superintendent were united. | ||||||||
Superintendent generals and bishops since 1784
| Lutheran Church in Holstein | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1759-1791 | Adam Struensee | Gen.Supt. (Holstein, Schleswig), also senior consistorial councilor, until 1784 already Gen.Supt. (HkA, Schleswig) |
| 1792-1806 | Johann Leonhard Callisen | Gen.Supt. (Holstein), at the same time senior consistorial councilor |
| 1806-1834 | Jacob Georg Christian Adler | Gen.Supt. (Holstein) interim, Gen.Supt since 1792. (Schleswig), at the same time senior consistorial councilor, from 1798 castle preacher on Gottorf, also bearer of the Grand Cross of the Dannebrog Order , later also honored as Dannebrogsmænd (DM). |
| 1835-1855 | Johann Carl Julius Herzbruch (1779–1866) | Gen.Supt. (Holstein), seat: Glückstadt; at the same time senior consistorial councilor, 1818 field preacher of the Danish occupation army in France, castle and garrison preacher in Glückstadt (August 1818 - December 1835), knight of the Dannebrogorden (from 1826), Dannebrogsmaend (1836), commander of Dannbrog (1840), with effect from 2. Retired May 1855 |
| Holstein Monastery (until 1867) | ||
| 1855-1871 | Wilhelm Heinrich Koopmann (1814–1871) | Bishop for Holstein, seat: Altona |
| District Holstein (from 1867) of the Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church Schleswig-Holstein | ||
| 1855-1871 | Wilhelm Heinrich Koopmann | Bishop for Holstein, seat: Altona; Koopmann was left in office by the Austrian and later the Prussian occupying power and served from 1867 for the Luth. State Church of Schleswig-Holstein |
| 1872-1891 | Andreas Detlef Jensen (1826–1899) | Gen.Supt., Seat: Kiel; but not for the area of 1877 incorporated Lutheran Church of the former Duchy of Lauenburg , which continue to own of led (state) superintendent Sprengel Lauenburg formed |
| 1891-1899 | Justus Ruperti (1833-1899) | Gen.Supt., Seat: Kiel; not responsible for the Lauenburg district |
| 1900-1912 | D. Ernst Wallroth (1851-1912) | Gen.Supt., Seat: Kiel; not responsible for the Lauenburg district |
| 1912-1917 | Peter Friedrich Petersen (1856–1930) | Gen.Supt., Seat: Kiel; not responsible for the Lauenburg district; 1917-1925 Gen.Supt. for Schleswig |
| 1917-1933 | Adolf Mordhorst | Gen.Supt., From 1924 Bishop for Holstein, seat: Kiel; not responsible for the Lauenburg district; Deposed in 1933 |
| 1933-1946 | vacancy | State Bishop for Schleswig-Holstein, Adalbert Paulsen , resignation 1945 |
| 1946-1964 | D. Wilhelm Halfmann | Bishop for Holstein, seat: Kiel; not responsible for the Lauenburg district |
| 1964-1981 | Dr. Friedrich Huebner | Bishop for Holstein, seat: Kiel; not responsible for the Lauenburg district |
|
District Holstein-Lübeck of the North Elbian Evangelical Lutheran Church |
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| 1964-1981 | Dr. Friedrich Huebner | Bishop for the district Holstein-Lübeck (with Eutin), seat: Lübeck; from 1979 including Sprengel Lauenburg |
| 1981-1991 | Ulrich Wilckens | Bishop for Holstein-Lübeck, seat: Lübeck |
| 1991-2001 | Karl Ludwig Kohlwage | Bishop for Holstein-Lübeck, seat: Lübeck |
| 2001-2008 | Bärbel Wartenberg-Potter | Bishop for Holstein-Lübeck, seat: Lübeck |
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District Schleswig and Holstein (Holstein without Lübeck and Lauenburg) of the North Elbian Evangelical Lutheran Church (until 2012) |
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| 2008-2014 | Gerhard Ulrich | Bishop for Schleswig and Holstein (from October), seat: Schleswig; previously Bishop for Schleswig (2009-2014 provisionally represented by Gothart Magaard) |
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Sprengel Schleswig and Holstein (excluding Lübeck and Lauenburg) of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany (from 2012) |
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| 2008-2014 | Gerhard Ulrich | Bishop for Schleswig and Holstein, seat: Schleswig (2009-2014 provisionally represented by Gothart Magaard) |
| 2014– | Gothart Magaard | Bishop for Schleswig and Holstein, seat: Schleswig (2009-2014 already provisional) |
literature
- Carsten Erich Carstens : The general superintendents of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Schleswig-Holstein. From the Reformation to the present . In: Journal of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein-Lauenburg History (ZSHG), vol. 19 (1889), pp. 1–112.
- Carsten Erich Carstens: Correction [to Volume 19: The General Superintendents]. In: Journal of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein-Lauenburg History (ZSHG), vol. 20 (1890), p. 390.
- Johann Heinrich Bernhard Lübkert : Attempt of a church statistics of Holstein . Johann Wilhelm Augustin, Glückstadt 1837.
- Friedrich Volbehr : The clergy of the Holstein general superindenture from 1848–1871 . In: Journal of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein History (ZSHG), vol. 2 (1872), pp. 220–291.