List of Mayan ruins

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Former settlement area of ​​the Maya

The list of Mayan ruins gives an overview of the previously known and archaeologically recorded Mayan ruins . This includes both formerly inhabited cities and purely religious places (places of ceremonies and sacrifices). The mentioned ruins are located in the present territory of the states:

• Mexico (on the Yucatán Peninsula , in Chiapas and Tabasco )
• Belize
• Guatemala
• Honduras (in the west)
• El Salvador (in the west)

The Maya region was probably settled several millennia ago. The earliest documented settlements in villages can be traced back to around 2000 BC. To date.

The overview preferably contains archaeological sites where excavations and mostly reconstruction work have taken place. Not all of the mentioned ruin sites are officially open to visitors. The names of other Maya sites - so far largely unexplored - can be found in the articles on the Puuc style , the Chenes style and the Rio Bec style .

listing

The list is arranged alphabetically according to the names of the Mayan ruins, but can also be sorted according to countries and regions (in Mexico: states; in Guatemala: departments). As archaeological expeditions and excavations continue to take place, a constant expansion of the list can be expected.

country	Surname	region	Initial settlement	Brief description	image
Mexico	Acanmul	Campeche		Three story palace
Mexico	Acanceh	Yucatan	200-300 AD	Big temple pyramid on the main square of the town
Mexico	Aké	Yucatan	350 AD	Building with monumental columns and megalithic stairs
Guatemala	Aguateca	El Peten	250 AD	Adjacent residence of the Kings of Dos Pilas
Guatemala	Altar de Sacrificios	El Peten	approx. 600 BC Chr.	numerous steles and buildings
Belize	Altun Ha	Belize District	200 BC Chr.	13 temples (the highest of which 16 meters) and residential buildings
Mexico	Balamku	Campeche		In 1990 a richly decorated stucco frieze was found in the small complex, which can be viewed
Mexico	Balance	Yucatan	600 BC Chr.	Cave with numerous offerings, e.g. B. Miniature millstones
Mexico	Becán	Campeche	600 BC Chr.	Temple pyramids and palace buildings
Mexico	Bonampak	Chiapas	600 AD	Several temples, one with extraordinary wall paintings
Belize	Cahal bad luck	Cayo District	1000 BC Chr.	34 spiritual and residential buildings as well as two ball courts and a sweat bath ( temazcal )
Mexico	Calakmul	Campeche	200 AD	Over 6000 buildings with a 45 meter high temple pyramid
Belize	Caracol	Cayo District	1200 BC Chr.	The tallest building is a 34 meter high pyramid; In the heyday, an estimated 120,000 - 180,000 people lived here
El Salvador	Casa Blanca	Santa Ana	500 BC Chr.	Wasn't abandoned until around AD 1200
El Salvador	Cerén	San Salvador	400 AD	Was buried under five meters of ash after a volcanic eruption in 600 and suffered a fate similar to Pompeii
Belize	Cerros	Corozal District	330 BC Chr.	3 large acropoles surrounded by several plazas and pyramids; the tallest building is 22 meters high
Mexico	Chac II	Yucatan		Early ruins
Mexico	Chacchoben	Quintana Roo		Small site
Mexico	Chacmultún	Yucatan		Three large building complexes with wall paintings
Mexico	Chakalal	Quintana Roo		Small site directly on the coast
Mexico	Chicanná	Campeche	300-1100	Estructura II with large monster mule door in Chenes style (750-770)
Mexico	Chichén Itzá	Yucatan	500 AD	Temple city with a diameter of about one kilometer - the main building is El Castillo
Mexico	Chinkultic	Chiapas	100 BC Chr.	So far, 200 classic buildings discovered
Mexico	Chunchucmil	Yucatan		Large settlement with lots of Sacbeob
Mexico	Chunhuhub	Campeche		Building with a magnificent facade
Mexico	Chunlimón	Campeche		Remnants of the facade with a snake mouth and cascading masks in the Chenès style
Mexico	Cilvituk	Campeche	10th century	Post-classical settlement on an island in the Laguna de Silvituc
Guatemala	Cival	El Peten	600 BC Chr.	27 meter high step pyramid surrounded by temples and plazas
Mexico	Cobá	Quintana Roo	600 AD	Five groups of buildings with a 47 meter high temple pyramid
Mexico	Comalcalco	Tabasco	200 BC Chr.	Westernmost temple complex of the Maya culture with over 300 structures identified so far (most of them made of baked bricks )
Honduras	Copan	Copan	160 AD	Large temples, pyramids, altars, ball playground, steles, reliefs and a monumental hieroglyphic staircase
Belize	Cuello	Orange Walk District	2000 BC Chr.	Finds of the oldest settlements assigned to the Maya
Mexico	Cuca	Yucatan		Double wall ring
Mexico	Culubá	Yucatan		Buildings similar to Puuc style far in the northern flatlands
Guatemala	Dos pilas	El Peten	629 AD	Founded as an outpost of Tikal - later enemy of Tikal
Mexico	Dsibiltún	Campeche		Site with monolithic stairs, palace and well-preserved temple
Mexico	Dzibanche	Quintana Roo		High pyramids and palace complexes
Mexico	Dzibilchaltún	Yucatan	900 BC Chr.	Remains of around 8000 buildings - the most important is the Temple of the Seven Dolls
Mexico	Dzibilnocac	Campeche		Large ruined area with a three-tower Chenès-style building
Mexico	Edzná	Campeche		Large city, protruding a five-story pyramid of temples with a multitude of rooms
Mexico	Ek Balam	Yucatan	between 100 and 300 AD	The Acropolis is one of the largest in the Maya area
Mexico	El Meco	Quintana Roo		Small site with a temple pyramid
Guatemala	El Mirador	El Peten	1000 BC Chr.	Largest Mayan metropolis of the pre-classical period with two large temple pyramids (72 and 55 meters high)
Belize	El Pilar	Cayo District	500 BC Chr.	Over ten large pyramids, 25 plazas and other buildings
Guatemala	El Perú (or Waka ')	El Peten		4 building complexes with steles and graves
Mexico	El Rey	Quintana Roo		Small site with remains of wall paintings
Guatemala	El Zotz	El Peten	6th century	Several temple pyramids and palaces
Mexico	Hochob	Campeche		Small site with towers and snake mouth entrances
Guatemala	Holmul	El Peten	600 AD	Relief in the frieze, remains of the pyramids
Mexico	Hormiguero	Campeche		Monumental snake mouth portal in Rio Bec building
Mexico	Huntichmul	Yucatan		Large Puuc town with a snake mouth portal in the Rio Bec style
Mexico	Huntichmul II	Campeche		Strange building with similarities to the Rio Bec style
Mexico	Itzamkanac	Tabasco		Late classical settlement of the Chontal-Maya , Cuauhtémoc was killed here in 1525
Guatemala	Iximché	Chimaltenango		Ancient capital of the Cakchiquel Maya , conquered by Pedro de Alvarado in 1524.
Mexico	Izamal	Yucatan		Huge pyramid and smaller ruin zones in a modern small town
Mexico	Jaina	Campeche	before 500 AD	Important place where classical terracotta sculptures were found
Mexico	Kabah	Yucatan	300 BC Chr.	Pyramids, palaces, triumphal arches and palace of masks
Guatemala	Kaminaljuyú	Guatemala City	1500 BC Chr.	Over 100 platforms and tombs on the outskirts of the capital Guatemala City
Mexico	Kiuic	Yucatan		Buildings in the Puuc style with splendid decor
Mexico	Kohunlich	Quintana Roo	200 BC Chr.	Building in Rio Bec style - eg. B. the palace of masks
Guatemala	La Corona	El Peten	not yet dated	90 × 50 cm limestone plate with 140 characters
Mexico	Labná	Yucatan	700 AD	Puuc style palace, archway and El Mirador
Mexico	Lagartero	Chiapas	800 AD	Pyramids and ball playground on island
Mexico	Lagunita	Campeche	300 BC Chr. - 250 AD	Discovered and described by Eric Von Euw in 1970 , rediscovered in 2013
Belize	Lamanai	Orange Walk District	1500 BC Chr.	Large main temple and hundreds of outbuildings; belongs to the longest continuously populated Mayan cities
Belize	Lubaantun	Toledo District	700 AD	Building made of limestone blocks without mortar
Guatemala	Machaquilá	El Peten	800 AD	several steles with priest kings and characters (mostly in the National Museum of Archeology and Ethnology in Guatemala City )
Mexico	Macobá	Campeche	600 AD	Secluded place between Chenès and Puuc styles
Mexico	Malpasito	Tabasco		Large stairways and ball playground in the mountains
Mexico	Mayapán	Yucatan	1000 AD	400 buildings (including 114 temples) have been identified so far
Guatemala	Mixco Viejo	Chimaltenango		Big city with fortifications and pyramids
Mexico	Moral Reforma	Tabasco		regional cult center with double pyramid
Mexico	Mul chic	Yucatan		Wall paintings of the Early Puuc style
Mexico	Muyil	Quintana Roo	900-1500	Small site with several groups of buildings
Guatemala	Afterwards	El Peten	approx. 300 BC Chr.	Regional center
Guatemala	Naj Tunich	El Peten		Cave with wall drawings
Guatemala	Nakbé	El Peten	1400 BC Chr.	Two large building complexes in the center with temple pyramids between 40 and 72 meters
Guatemala	Nakum	El Peten		acropolis
Guatemala	Naranjo	El Peten	sp. 5th century	Center of the high class with approx. 900 buildings
Belize	Nim Li Punit	Toledo District	500 AD	Step pyramids (the highest of which 12 meters) surrounded by three plazas
Guatemala	Nito	Izabal	approx. 10th century	Commercial center
Mexico	Nocuchich	Campeche		Unique tower
Mexico	Nohpat	Yucatan		Large, badly destroyed site
Mexico	Oxkintoc	Yucatan		Early Puuc style city, three-story building with inner corridors
Mexico	Palenque	Chiapas	500 AD	Grand palace, several temples, aqueduct and magnificent tombstones
Mexico	Pechal	Campeche		Buildings in the Río Bec style
Mexico	Plan de Ayutla	Tabasco		Smaller Palenque style complex
Mexico	Pomoná	Tabasco		Buildings on pyramid-like bases around a large square
Guatemala	Quiriguá	Izabal	200 AD	Lots of sculptures and steles - the largest of them 10 meters high and 65 tons
Guatemala	Q'umarkaj	El Quiché		Capital of the Quiché -Maya, little restored
Guatemala	Río Azul	El Peten	approx. 600 BC Chr.	Important local and long-distance trade center with over 5000 buildings
Mexico	Río Bec	Campeche	600 AD	Named for the Rio Bec style , which is characterized by false towers and false stairs
Mexico	Sabana Piletas	Campeche		Long hieroglyphic inscription on a staircase
El Salvador	San Andrés	La Libertad	900 BC Chr.	Abandoned after a volcanic eruption and only settled again around 600 years later
Guatemala	San Bartolo	El Peten	approx. 100 BC Chr.	Earliest known wall paintings and characters of the Maya
Mexico	San Claudio	Tabasco	approx. 600 to 900	Site without Mayan steles and dates
Mexico	San Gervasio	Quintana Roo	4th century	Important religious center of the post-classical period
Mexico	Santa Elena	Tabasco
Belize	Santa Rita (Belize)	Corozal District	2000 BC Chr.	important trading center
Mexico	Santa Rosa Xtampak	Campeche		Three-story palace with internal stairs, snake-mouth facades
Mexico	Sayil	Yucatan	600 AD	85 meter long and 3 storey high palace surrounded by temples and steles
Guatemala	Seibal	El Peten	900 BC Chr.	Ancestral temple, round temple, many steles from the postclassical period (800–900 AD)
Mexico	Tabasqueño	Campeche		Chenes style temple with snake mouth entrance
Guatemala	Takalik Abaj	Retalhuleu	800 BC Chr.	80 buildings with several plazas and almost 300 stone monuments such as steles and altars
Guatemala	Tamarindito	El Peten	300 BC Chr.
Mexico	Tamchen	Campeche
Mexico	Tancah	Quintana Roo	770 AD	Many wall paintings in the style of the Tro-Cortesianus Codex
El Salvador	Tazumal	Santa Ana	250 AD	Large ruin site with several temple pyramids
Mexico	Tenam Puente	Chiapas	400 AD
Guatemala	Tikal	El Peten	700 BC Chr.	3000 structures such as temples, palaces, ball courts, platforms, terraces, squares, aqueducts, cisterns and steles
Mexico	Tohcok	Campeche		Small site in the Puuc-Chenès mixed style
Mexico	Toniná	Chiapas	400 AD	Numerous inscribed steles, altars and stucco friezes
Guatemala	Topoxté	El Peten		Small site with pyramids
Mexico	Tortuguero	Tabasco		Largely destroyed today. Inscription monument 6 gained notoriety in connection with speculation about a possible end of the world on December 21, 2012
Mexico	Tulum	Quintana Roo	600 AD	Located on a limestone cliff 12 meters above the Caribbean Sea
Guatemala	Uaxactun	El Peten	1000 BC Chr.	Pyramid of masks and ball court
Mexico	Uxmal	Yucatan	700 AD	Buildings in the Puuc style with buildings on artificially constructed esplanades
Mexico	Witzinah	Yucatan		Strange mask style
Mexico	Xbalché	Campeche		Scattered clusters of buildings, mostly early Puuc style
Mexico	Xburrotunich	Yucatan		Small site with a snake mouth entrance
Mexico	Xcalumkin	Campeche		Numerous hieroglyphic inscriptions and bas-reliefs
Mexico	Xcambó	Yucatan	700 AD	Temple pyramids and colonial chapel
Mexico	Xcaret	Quintana Roo		Small site, port with protective wall on the sea side
Mexico	Xel Ha	Quintana Roo		Harbor or fishing village on the Caribbean coast
Mexico	Xhaxché	Yucatan		Small site with a well-preserved Chaac mask
Mexico	Xkichmook	Yucatan		Remote site in the transition area between the Puuc and Chenes style
Mexico	Xkipché	Yucatan	700 AD	Palace and medium-sized Puuc style city
Mexico	Xlapak	Yucatan		Small site with richly decorated facades
Mexico	Xpuhil	Campeche		Building in Rio Bec style with three dummy towers
Belize	Xunantunich	Cayo District	200 AD	25 temples and palaces
Mexico	Yaxchilan	Chiapas	400 AD	Large number of stone sculptures, steles and lintels
Guatemala	Yaxha	El Peten		Royal Palace, North Acropolis and ball courts
Mexico	Yaxuná	Yucatan		City at the beginning of the Sacbé to Cobá
Guatemala	Zaculeu	Huehuetenango	300 AD	Post-classical capital of the Mam -Maya

See also

• Overview of the pre-Columbian ruins in Mexico (excluding Maya)

literature

• Nikolai Grube : Maya - Gottkönige im Regenwald , Könemann, Cologne, 2000, ISBN 3-8290-1564-X
• Maria Longhena: Talking Stones , Marix, Wiesbaden, 2004, ISBN 3-937715-32-0
• Berthold Riese : Die Maya , CH Beck, Munich, 5th edition 2004, ISBN 3-406-46264-2
• Trade journal Maya - Inka - Azteken, Gruner and Jahr, Geo Epoche , issue no .: 15, Hamburg.

Web links

• Image gallery of various Mayan ruins
• Ruin sites with Maya inscriptions on the website of the project "Text database and dictionary of Classical Maya"

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://haciendakankirixche.com/en/2012/03/arqueologia-local/
2. ↑ http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeologic7/a/Ake.htm
3. ^ ^{A b} Ancient Maya Cities Found in Jungle . Discovery. Retrieved September 3, 2014

This version was added to the selection of informative lists and portals on July 14, 2006 .