Ozeaneum Stralsund
  Entrance area of the Ozeaneum in Stralsund (2008) |
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| Data | |
|---|---|
| place | Stralsund , harbor island |
| Art |
Nature museum
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| architect | Behnisch Architects |
| opening | July 11, 2008 |
| Number of visitors (annually) | 561,408 (six million from July 2008 to November 2017) |
| management | |
| Website | |
| ISIL | DE-MUS-011921 |
The Ozeaneum in the Hanseatic city of Stralsund is a natural history museum belonging to the German Maritime Museum Foundation with a focus on the sea .
In parallel to the exhibitions and aquariums in the main building of the Meeresmuseum in St. Catherine's Church in Stralsund , five permanent exhibitions are shown in the Ozeaneum on the harbor island on 8,700 m² of exhibition space, and various water and life worlds from the Baltic, North Sea and North Atlantic are presented in the aquariums. The largest aquarium holds 2.6 million liters of water.
The museum was named European Museum of the Year in 2010 . From the opening in July 2008 to November 2017, six million visitors were counted.
Exhibitions
The Ozeaneum shows the five permanent exhibitions "World Ocean - Diversity of Life", "Baltic Sea - The Sea in Our Midst", "Exploration and Use of the Seas", "Sea for Children" and "1: 1 Giants of the Seas", these are through Special exhibitions added.
World ocean - diversity of life
The permanent exhibition “World Ocean - Diversity of Life” is the first stop on the tour of the Ozeaneum. The German Maritime Museum dedicated this exhibition to the topic of marine biodiversity . Wall elements provide information about the physical and chemical properties of the water in different seas, about the tides and about wind and waves . The geological development of the oceans, the global water cycle , the mutual influence of the oceans and the earth's atmosphere , global warming or the El Niño phenomenon are further subject areas on which information is provided.
A deep-sea angler , animal fossils , snail and mussel shells, alken birds , perch-like fish, living fossils , parts of the biological collections of the German Maritime Museum of algae, corals, mussels, snails, crustaceans, fish, seabirds and marine mammals are further components of the exhibition.
Baltic Sea - The sea in our midst
The permanent exhibition "Baltic Sea - The Sea in Our Midst" is dedicated to life in the Baltic Sea . It is funded by the German Federal Environment Foundation.
A relief from the Baltic Sea represents the depths of the brackish sea. Potential hazards such as environmental pollution, shipping and pipeline routes are compared with the existing protected areas and national parks on an interactive display table . The formation of the Baltic Sea is shown as well as the habitats and various forms of life.
Models of the three native to the Baltic seal species ( harbor seal , gray seal , ringed seal ) and eagles , shorebirds , ducks , geese , gulls and egrets are shown in their natural environment.
Exploration and use of the seas
The permanent exhibition "Exploration and Use of the Seas" shows how complex marine research is and how overfishing , environmental pollution and shipping affect the seas.
Technical equipment is shown, such as a deep sea lander and other devices; from 2008 to January 2016 also the first manned German research submersible, the GEO . You can also see models of some of the German research vessels currently in use on a scale of 1:50, such as Maria S. Merian , Sonne , Meteor and Polarstern . Historic diving helmets , wreath water scoops , plankton nets , mesocosm and sediment traps , models of satellites and research submersibles are also part of the exhibition, whose slightly inclined floor in interaction with the exhibition areas on the walls, which are delimited by a rail , should give visitors the impression of being on the deck of a research vessel at sea to be.
65 sight glasses with specimens, including a three-meter-long swordfish stranded off the island of Rügen in 2007 and a prepared polar bear , show the diversity of life under and in the water.
A fishing simulation game is also part of this exhibition, as is a small film screening room in which a fictitious ten-minute dive trip is shown from the perspective of the dive boat.
The concept for this permanent exhibition was developed together with other institutions represented in the German Marine Research Consortium (KDM). The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), the Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration (WSV), the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency were involved in the development. There was also support from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Offshore Foundation , the Wind Energy Network Rostock e. V. and several shipping companies .
Sea for children
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The permanent exhibition "Sea for Children", which is aimed primarily at children between the ages of six and twelve, offers the opportunity to deal with the subject of the sea in a playful way. In a demonstration pool, hermit crabs , mussels and starfish can be experienced "up close" under supervision . The exhibition is set up in the style of a walkable dune landscape. A 40-meter-long wall painting with coastal motifs creates a real beach feeling. On the climbing lighthouse, as well as on the naturalistic stone figures by the Rügen artist Mile Prerad, you can climb, run around and slide to your heart's content. Beach chairs invite you to relax and watch the children play. A listening station brings the children closer to the sound spectrum of different sea birds in the Baltic Sea region. The outdoor area with its oversized seagrass meadow is designed as a playground. Since July 2010, 14 Humboldt penguins have been observed here, four of which were hatched in the Ozeaneum in spring 2017.
1: 1 giants of the seas
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The permanent exhibition "1: 1 Giants of the Seas" was developed and implemented in cooperation with the Greenpeace organization . In a room around 20 meters high and 30 meters long, whales and other giants of the seas are shown in their original size. The models were modeled from plastic and then colored to be true to life. The exhibition includes a 26-meter-tall blue whale , a 16-meter-tall female humpback whale with a five-meter-tall cub, a ten-meter-tall killer whale , a 15-meter-tall sperm whale fighting a giant squid , a four-meter-tall manta ray and a three-meter-tall sunfish .
A multimedia production presents the whale species with their songs and sounds and shows the threats to these animals. Loungers invite visitors to experience this demonstration.
On the three floors of the gallery space, which are open to the exhibition hall, information on the “giants of the seas” is shown, as well as whales, large fish such as manta rays and sunfish as well as giant squids , crustaceans and mussels .
This exhibition marks the end of the tour.
Special exhibitions
The special exhibitions thematically accompany the permanent exhibitions. Seven works by Anne Langert have been on show since July 2010 - photographs from the construction phase of the Ozeaneum that were subsequently graphically processed on Alu-Dibond . In addition, the photo exhibition "Kyma-Welle" by photographer Peter-Paul Reinmuth will be shown.
Aquariums
The aquariums in the Ozeaneum lead visitors from the Stralsund harbor basin across the North Sea to the Arctic Ocean , showing the marine habitats from the bay to the open Atlantic . The largest aquarium is the schooling fish tank with a base area of 300 m² and a curved, 10 m × 5 m large and 30 cm thick panorama pane made of acrylic , it holds 2.6 million liters of water. The other aquariums hold up to 200,000 liters of water and are between two and four meters deep, the smaller tanks hold several hundred liters of water.
Under the stone structures in the aquariums there are plastic scaffolding supplied by Pangea Rocks. The scaffolding was covered with netting and then designed with lightweight concrete and painted with silicate paints . Many of the plants in the pools are artificial, such as a seagrass meadow and algae up to two meters in size.
Show feeding is also carried out in all aquariums.
Baltic Sea Aquarium
The aquariums with the theme of the Baltic Sea are the beginning of the journey through the marine worlds.
The “Stralsund Harbor Basin” aquarium is initially visible from above; All other aquariums in this subject area can be reached via the stairs. Perch and river eels swim alongside other typical residents of the Stralsund harbor, which is only a few meters away, such as roach and rudd . The basin holds 126,000 liters of water with a salt content of 5 g / l and a temperature of 12 ° C. On an area of 34.9 m², the water level is 3.60 meters. The basin slice measures 5.90 m × 2.95 m, is 17.3 cm thick and weighs 4.1 t. It also contains a rusted bicycle found in the docks in 1982 and a rusty shopping cart.
The “ Greifswalder Bodden ” basin houses flounder , pike , burbot as well as pikeperch and beach crabs . The aquarium contains 47,500 liters of water with a salt content of 5 g / l and a temperature of 12 ° C. On an area of 19 m², the water level is 2.50 meters. The plate of the basin measures 4.65 mx 2.40 m, is 11.9 cm thick and weighs 1.9 t.
Various stickleback and shrimp species , starfish and crabs swim in the “ sea grass meadow ” .
Cod , garfish and flatfish can be seen in the “ Chalk Coast ” aquarium . Two aquariums, each with 150 liters of water, also display Baltic shrimp and needles . The aquarium contains 100,000 liters of water with a salt content of 15 g / l and a temperature of 9 ° C. On an area of 30 m² the water level is 3.35 meters. The basin slice measures 4.10 m × 2.95 m, is 13.7 cm thick and weighs 2.4 t.
The “ Archipelago Sea ” show basin shows the inhabitants of this area of life, such as sea hares , Baltic sea snouts , eel nuts and sea scorpions . The aquarium contains 17,000 liters of water with a salt content of 5 g / l and a temperature of 12 ° C. On an area of 68.9 m², the water level is 2.50 meters. The basin slice measures 4.18 m × 2.35 m, is 8.4 cm thick and weighs 1.3 t.
In the "River Mouth" aquarium swim sturgeons and a wax thick over 40 years old that was previously shown in the German Maritime Museum . Also are eels , flounder, arctic char and big trout to be seen. The aquarium will contain 64,500 liters of water with a salt content of 15 g / l and a temperature of 9 ° C. On an area of 25.8 m² the water level is then 2.50 meters. The basin slice measures 7.00 mx 2.30 m, is 6 cm thick and weighs 1.6 t.
The large " Kattegataquarium " offers an eight meter long rock backdrop. Starfish , sea dahlias and octopus are shown. The aquarium contains 43,000 liters of water with a salt content of 25 g / l and a temperature of 12 ° C. On an area of 13.6 m², the water level is 2.40 meters. The plate of the basin measures 5.90 × 2.30 meters, is 11.7 centimeters thick and weighs 2.3 tons.
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North Sea-North Atlantic Aquarium
The second stop on the aquarium tour is the North Sea-North Atlantic Aquarium.
In the " Wadden Sea " you can see weever and flatfish . The Wadden Sea is recreated in a three meter long pool and numerous smaller individual pools. The tides are imitated here in the aquarium every ten minutes, while the water is pumped back and forth between two tanks and a current similar to the tidal current is generated with additional pumps.
Scorpionfish , seahorses and an octopus are shown in small pools .
In the “ Helgoland ” aquarium , a basin designed as a tunnel, pollack , dogfish and wrasse swim between the characteristic red rocks . Events outside of the opening times, such as dinners , are also offered in this tunnel aquarium .
In the " surf basin " a large wave is generated once every minute.
The “Scottish Coastal Cave” aquarium is populated by animals such as the European lobster and the dead man's hand , which live on rocky subsoil in the northern seas.
The largest aquarium is the " Open Atlantic " basin , which can be viewed on two levels. The nine meter high aquarium has a diameter of 17 meters. A school of mackerel , various types of rays and bonitos as well as a sand tiger shark live in this tank.
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Penguin plant
In the penguin facility opened in 2010 on the rooftop terrace of the Ozeaneum, ten Humboldt penguins can be observed in an underwater area with a capacity of 120,000 liters. They come from offspring and grew up in zoos in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania; Two penguin chicks hatched in the Ozeaneum in 2011 and 2012. The German Chancellor Angela Merkel is the godmother of Humboldt penguin lady Alexandra .
building
The design for the new museum comes from the architects Elke Reichel and Peter Schlaier of the Stuttgart architecture office Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner . The barrier-free building, which had to fit architecturally into the overall picture of the Stralsund harbor in order not to endanger the status of the Stralsund old town as a UNESCO world heritage with the title “ Historic old towns Stralsund and Wismar ”, was laid out in small parts. The four building complexes symbolize stones washed around by sea water.
Building part 1 houses the family restaurant and the exhibitions “The World - The Diversity of Life”, “The Baltic Sea” and “Exploration and Use of the Seas”, building part 2 the Baltic Sea aquarium, building part 3 the North Sea aquarium with schooling fish tank and the exhibition “Ein Sea for Children ”and in Building 4 the exhibition“ 1: 1 - Giants of the Seas ”. The historical storerooms house further restaurants, the educational department and a congress center.
Hydro Sight, together with Reynolds Polymer, took on the contract to manufacture and install more than 30 aquarium windows. The so-called crypt window, which looks over a width of 13 m into the school of shoaling fish, was a particular challenge.
The total cost of construction was initially estimated at around 50 million euros , with the federal government at 25, the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania at 12.5, the German Maritime Museum Foundation at 7.4 and the Hanseatic City of Stralsund at 5.1 million should participate. In December 2007, after 15 months of construction, the construction costs were already quoted at around 60 million euros, which was mainly due to increased steel and glass prices.
technology
In total, the pipelines for water, coolant, oxygen, ozone, carbon dioxide and other things are more than ten kilometers long. This length is considerably exceeded by the length of the power cables laid.
electricity
The operation of the Ozeaneum consumes as much energy as the city of Sassnitz, for example . The Ozeaneum is supplied with green electricity .
water
The water in the basins has different salt contents. A total of around 4,000 cubic meters of water are required for the show basins, and around 6,000 cubic meters of water are held as replacement in storage tanks. This water is used in the show tanks when it is contaminated or when there is a lack of oxygen. If the system runs smoothly, the water is completely replaced about once a year.
Salt water can be provided in two ways: If tap water is enriched with salt, around 210 tons of salt would be required in the Ozeaneum each year. However, the plan is to deliver salty seawater in the ballast water tank of freighters or in the water tank of the multi-purpose ship Arkona , which is then enriched with salt. This would require around 150 tons of salt per year.
The filter systems contain around 350 cubic meters of biofilter material. These consist of porous plastic pellets in which microorganisms settle; Fish poisons such as ammonia and nitrite are broken down into harmless compounds here. Sand filters, sieve drum filters, protein skimmers, UV sterilizers, water softeners and osmosis systems also clean the aquarium water.
cooling
The water in the pools, in which temperatures between 0 ° C and 12 ° C prevail, must be permanently cooled. Around one megawatt of cooling capacity is required for this. Two chillers operated by Stadtwerke Stralsund in the neighboring tower storage facility cool water to six degrees, which is then pumped into the cooling circuit. An additional cooling system ensures that the water in the polar aquarium is cold at 0 degrees.
measuring technology
Hundreds of sensors in the aquariums provide important data on the pH value, temperature and flow rate of the water. The company Siemens , the systems for building automation. The values recorded at 15,000 data points are evaluated centrally.
history
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The idea of further developing the Maritime Museum arose in 1998, as the most visited museum in Northern Germany had reached its spatial limits in the former Katharinenkirche . Under the direction of the museum director Harald Benke , the idea of an oceanarium with glass tunnels, a seal enclosure and other exhibitions was developed. With the support of the city administration under Lord Mayor Harald Lastovka , the idea was carried further. On August 1, 2002, Federal Chancellor Gerhard Schröder found out about the project in Stralsund and assured that “the federal government will not shut itself off from such a great project”. In February 2003 the federal government approved the funding. In June 2003 the citizens of Stralsund initiated the development plan procedure for the Ozeaneum, which was successfully concluded on June 23, 2005 with the unanimous resolution of the statutes by the citizens. The groundbreaking ceremony took place on September 6, 2005 in the presence of the Prime Minister of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Harald Ringstorff ( SPD ) . On November 24, 2005, construction work began on the area with the placement of pile foundations using the displacement method. The foundation stone was laid on September 15, 2006. a. in the presence of Chancellor Angela Merkel , Prime Minister Harald Ringstorff and Stralsund's Lord Mayor Harald Lastovka.
By the end of October 2006, the Marine Worlds project provided a glimpse into the world of the oceans in an air dome on the harbor island. The "hemisphere" was dismantled in November 2006 and the exhibition was sent through Germany as a traveling exhibition. In the cannon shed on the Kronlastadie , models, plans and information about the construction of the Ozeaneum were offered. The Stralsund tourist office offered guided tours of the construction and further port development. The first public tours of the construction site took place in the summer of 2007, and on June 23, 2007, the Federal Day of Architecture took place at the Ozeaneum . Large-format aquarium panes made in the USA were lifted into the building using cranes in July 2007. Germany's longest self- supporting escalator was used in the same way . The outer cladding is designed with white painted steel sheets. With the establishment of the Ozeaneum Stralsund GmbH on September 6, 2007, the director Dr. Harald Benke and Markus J. Bloching the task of the management. At the end of 2008, Markus J. Bloching left the management. In October 2007 the first approx. 3000 fish from the North Atlantic were brought to Stralsund in a refrigerated transporter by a research expedition of the German Maritime Museum that was active there and placed in the already completed aquariums (quarantine tanks). The topping-out ceremony was celebrated on December 13, 2007.
The exhibitions and aquariums were finally opened on July 11, 2008 by the German Chancellor Angela Merkel . The opening to the public took place on July 12, 2008, although not all exhibitions were complete; Until the completion of all aquariums, reduced admission prices applied.
The exhibitions are constantly being expanded, so the penguin enclosure was set up on the roof and opened in July 2010.
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In July 2012, plans to expand the Ozeaneum were presented; an extension should then include a hotel and congress center and a 15 million liter pool in which the fauna of the Azores could be presented; For the possible expansion, the federal government promised financial support of 15 million euros from 2014 onwards, the city of Stralsund wanted to contribute five million euros and also make the land available. In 2013 a study was carried out which looked at the profitability of the extension over an operating period of 20 years; As a result, the federal and state governments refused to participate in the extension for financial reasons.
On January 1, 2019, the Ozeaneum Stralsund GmbH was transferred to the German Maritime Museum Foundation.
Number of visitors
On July 31, 2008, 20 days after the opening, the 100,000th visitor was welcomed; the 500,000th visitor on November 13, 2008. In the first year of its existence, over 900,000 visitors were counted. On July 27, 2009, a year after it opened, the 1,000,000. Welcomes visitors. In October 2010 the number of 2,000,000 visitors since opening was reached. In July 2012, the number of 3,000,000 visitors was reached within four years; For the anniversary in 2013, 3.6 million visitors viewed the exhibitions and aquariums. In April 2016, the five millionth visitor was welcomed. In 2019, the Ozeaneum reported 545,857 visitors.
- 2009: 802,540 visitors
- 2010: 701,205 visitors
- 2011: 649,928 visitors
- 2012: 598,711 visitors
- 2013: 546,856 visitors
Awards
Since its opening in 2008, the Ozeaneum has received the following awards and prizes:
- International Environmental Award (Swedish environmental award from the Hanseatic City of Kalmar ), 2012
- Company of the year 2011 in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ( Ostdeutscher Sparkassenverband and Superillu ), 2011
- Admission to the Excellence Club of “The Best in Heritage”, 2011.
- The International Architecture Award 2010 (Chicago Athenaeum - Museum of Architecture and Design), 2010.
- 2nd place building owner award (Working Group on Historic Cities), 2010.
- European Museum of the Year 2010 (European Museum Forum), 2010
- Award as a barrier-free facility in the Hanseatic city of Stralsund, 2009.
- red Dot Design Award for exhibition design, 2009
- Baltic Sea Exhibition becomes an official project of the UN Decade for Sustainable Development (3rd Conference of the North German Partnership in Support of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainability (NUN Conference)), 2009/2010
- Certification as a family-friendly company (Tourismusverband Mecklenburg-Vorpommern), 2009.
- Trend brand 2008 (Causales Agency), 2008.
- Info point Ozeaneum "Selected Location 2006" (location initiative " Germany - Land of Ideas "), 2006
Individual evidence
- ↑ Press release of the Ozeaneum ( Memento of August 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), accessed October 18, 2010.
- ↑ OZEANEUM Stralsund welcomes five millionth visitor, April 5, 2016, accessed on May 1, 2017
- ↑ www.ozeaneum.de, brochure "Weltmeer - Diversity of Life Exhibition at OZEANEUM" (PDF; 317 kB) ( Memento from April 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ www.ozeaneum.de ( Memento from February 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Website Ozeaneum ( Memento from February 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ www.ozeaneum.de ( Memento from April 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Ostsee-Zeitung , December 14, 2007.
- ↑ a b Ostsee-Zeitung , special publication on July 10, 2008.
- ^ "Bloching goes to Augsburg", Ostseezeitung Stralsund, local dated November 26, 2008.
- ↑ "Stralsund: Oceanarium ocean aquarium starts with problems", www.spiegel.de, July 11, 2008
- ↑ New "aquarium jewels" in the OZEANEUM Stralsund ( Memento from April 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ “The Ozeaneum is to be expanded to include a mega aquarium”, www.abendblatt.de, July 3, 2012
- ^ "Federal Government stands for the expansion of the Ozeaneum", www.abendblatt.de, November 9, 2012
- ↑ a b Positive balance after 5 years of OZEANEUM ( Memento from August 10, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ http://www.ozeaneum.de/startseite/startseite-news/daten/2008/11/14/reliefglobus-züge-als-neues-grossexponat-in-die-weltmeer-ausstellung-des-ozeaneums-kopie-1 -1.html (link not available)
- ^ "Stralsund is North Germany's visitor magnet", press release of the Ozeaneum from July 6, 2009 ( Memento from July 10, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ 2,000,000. Visitor feeds the penguins in the OZEANEUM Stralsund ( Memento from April 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Anniversary at OZEANEUM ( Memento from April 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ OZEANEUM Stralsund welcomes five millionth visitor, April 5, 2016, accessed on May 1, 2017
- ↑ Press release of January 21, 2020
Web links
- Ozeaneum online
- Ozeaneum at Google Cultural Institute
- OZEANEUM: Trend Brand 2008 ( Memento from January 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
Coordinates: 54 ° 18 ′ 56 ″ N , 13 ° 5 ′ 49 ″ E