Millstätter Berg
The Millstätter Berg is a high plateau between Millstätter See and Millstätter Alpe ( Nockberge ) in Carinthia / Austria . In a narrower sense, the Millstätter Berg includes those places that belong to the municipality of Millstatt am See . From a geological point of view, the Millstätter Berg is an approximately 10 km long plateau between Starfach near Matzelsdorf and Kolm near Treffling , running parallel to the northern shore of the lake , with most of the places in the municipality of Millstatt, others in the municipality of Seeboden am Millstätter See and one in the municipality of Radenthein .
geology
The high plateau ( terrace ) around 260 m above the lake ( 855 m above sea level ) was created during the last ice age period, in the high glacial of the Würme Ice Age around 24,000 years ago, when the ice reached up to around 1,800 m above sea level. The ice masses of the Möll and Drautal glaciers flowing eastwards merged in the Spittal area with the Lieser glacier to form a broad ice stream. At Lieserhofen this was divided into a north and a south branch, with the northern branch forming the Millstätter sea furrow. The glacier cut is still clearly visible on both mountain flanks in Döbriach. The plateau is the shoulder of a trough valley , the Seetal. About 20,000 years ago, the glaciers gradually melted. A body of dead ice remained in the excavated Millstätter tub for a longer period of time and accumulated the meltwater from the Liesertal glacier and the gravel that was carried along. The latter were deposited as the Lieserdelta on the western edge of today's lake. As the ice body sank in and melted away, the Lieser gradually cut into the damming body and removed large parts of it again. In the Lieserdelta, however, an enclosed basin was formed in which the water of today's lake could collect. For a long time the lake was bigger than it is today and probably reached as far as Lurnbichl. The Lieser seems to have flowed into the lake via Kötzing near Krauth ober Seeboden. The old course of the river can still be seen along the road to Treffling . In the course of time, the Lieser relocated the drain over the Lurnfeld with its attachments . This is how today's incision in Millstätter Seerücken , the Liesergraben as an outflow, was created. The geological history of its origins means that the slope towards Lake Millstatt in the Seeboden area is significantly flatter than in Millstatt or Dellach . Millstätter Berg is clearly delimited topographically in the east by the steep drop to Döbriach. In the west, the valley stretches to the Liesertal .
The orientation from northwest to southeast and an altitude above the fog line lead to an above-average number of sunny days. Obermillstätter Landesstraße 17 leads over this valley step from Dellach to Sappl with a junction to Matzelsdorf , on to Lammersdorf, Obermillstatt , Laubendorf, Gössering, Tangern to Treffling.
Places of the community Millstatt am Millstätter Berg
Gössering forms the westernmost village of the Millstatt community on Millstätter Berg. The following places are (from east to west) on Millstätter Berg. The easternmost settlement is Starfach, today a scattered settlement with 136 inhabitants belonging to the municipality of Radenthein , formerly part of Dellach, is located on the south-eastern slope of the Millstätter Berg near Döbriach. Originally the group consisting of four farms had a house of worship, the Maria Magdalena Chapel (first mentioned in a document around 1177), a branch church built by the Benedictines of Millstatt, which has meanwhile been converted into a residential house (Ölbrennerkreusche). The former church bell is in Matzelsdorf today.
| place | Type | local community | Cadastral parish | 1951 | 2001 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Star compartment | hamlet | Radenthein | Dobriach | k. A. | 164 | 164 |
| Matzelsdorf | Church Village | Millstatt am See | Matzelsdorf | 142 | 188 | 191 |
| Sappl | Village | Millstatt am See | Matzelsdorf | 152 | 269 | 271 |
| Goertschach | hamlet | Millstatt am See | Obermillstatt | k. A. | 105 | 104 |
| Lammersdorf | Village | Millstatt am See | Obermillstatt | 124 | 163 | 172 |
| Grantsch | hamlet | Millstatt am See | Obermillstatt | k. A. | 80 | 67 |
| Obermillstatt | Church Village | Millstatt am See | Obermillstatt | 348 | 492 | 573 |
| Small tombra | hamlet | Millstatt am See | Treffling | k. A. | 92 | 114 |
| Pregnancy | hamlet | Millstatt am See | Foliage village | 70 | 115 | 122 |
| Öttern | hamlet | Millstatt am See | Foliage village | k. A. | 19th | 20th |
| Hohengass | hamlet | Millstatt am See | Foliage village | k. A. | 43 | 28 |
| Grand Dombra | hamlet | Millstatt am See | Foliage village | 64 | 185 | 186 |
| Tschierweg | hamlet | Millstatt am See | Foliage village | 146 | 149 | 146 |
| Foliage village | Village | Millstatt am See | Foliage village | 150 | 233 | 202 |
| Goessering | hamlet | Millstatt am See | Foliage village | k. A. | 57 | 50 |
| total | 1196 | 2354 | 2410 |
Places in the municipality of Seeboden am Millstätter Berg
Historically, Tangern was a village of the Millstätter monastery , while Liedweg was already part of the Sommeregg rule . Today Tangern and all other villages further to the west are part of the Seeboden community on Lake Millstatt .
| place | Type | local community | Cadastral parish | 1951 | 2001 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tangers | Village | Seeboden on Lake Millstatt | Treffling | 208 | 192 | 191 |
| Song path | hamlet | Seeboden on Lake Millstatt | Treffling | k. A. | 69 | 75 |
| Treffling | Church Village | Seeboden on Lake Millstatt | Treffling | k. A. | 468 | 480 |
| Muskanitzen | hamlet | Seeboden on Lake Millstatt | Treffling | k. A. | 38 | 35 |
| Schlossau | hamlet | Seeboden on Lake Millstatt | Treffling | k. A. | 87 | 82 |
| Trasishk | hamlet | Seeboden on Lake Millstatt | Treffling | k. A. | 36 | 34 |
| House of Commons | hamlet | Seeboden on Lake Millstatt | Treffling | k. A. | 119 | 147 |
| Kolm | hamlet | Seeboden on Lake Millstatt | Treffling | k. A. | 58 | 75 |
| Kötzing | hamlet | Seeboden on Lake Millstatt | Treffling | k. A. | 108 | 119 |
| Pirk | hamlet | Seeboden on Lake Millstatt | Treffling | k. A. | 103 | 118 |
| total | 1278 | 1356 |
history
5,000 years of settlement continuity (Lammersdorf / Görtschach / Sappl)
The Millstätter See lies in a trough valley formed by Ice Age glaciers , with the Millstätter Berg forming a trough shoulder as a remnant of a pre- ice age valley . The most striking is the steep drop near Matzelsdorf (848 m), the easternmost place on the plateau. Typical of the ice-age glacier cut are peaks that resist the abrasion for longer due to the harder rock. These are particularly easy to recognize near Lammersdorf.
The oldest traces of settlement in Upper Carinthia were found on and around these knolls . On the “Mentepichel” or “Schanzkogel” opposite Lammersdorf and Görtschach, traces of a Neolithic settlement from the period from 3,000 to 1,900 BC were found in the early 1950s . Excavated. This is the only settlement found from this time in Upper Carinthia. In addition to a living pit with stone settings with a diameter of 6 m and a fireplace, numerous fragments of vessels, stone blades, stone chips, arrowheads and a clay spindle whorl were found. Not far away, in the now drained Sappler Moor, there was an 11 cm long, slightly curved, particularly beautiful flint blade ( flint ). A pointed stone ax made of amphibolite from this era was found in Treffling . Two ax axes found in Lammersdorf are unfortunately lost today.
Several finds, including an urn in Lammersdorf, a bronze rag ax in Treffling, a tool depot near Seeboden , lance tips from Millstätter Alpe and Ferndorf , show a continuous settlement continuity on Millstätter Berg also in the Bronze (1900 ~ 1400 BC). ) and Urnfield Period (up to approx. 750 BC).
The first identifiable population of Upper Carinthia are the Illyrians . Mountain and river names such as the Tauern or the Drau go back to their Indo-European language , all of them topographical units of a size that were not Romanized , Slavicized or Germanized . From the time when Celtic tribes such as the Noriker in the Eastern Alps or the Venetians in the hinterland of the northern Adriatic region can be assumed to be the population, there are still no finds directly on the Millstätter Berg. A pile dwelling settlement from this time is suspected in Seeboden. There is evidence of a pre-Roman settlement near St. Peter in Holz, not far away, from which the Roman city of Teurnia developed. From approx. 200 BC The Millstätter Berg belonged to the tribal area of the Ambidravi , the "people living on both sides of the Drau", a Roman name for the Noric population who settled here and which arose from the resident Illyrians and the newly immigrated Celts. Both peoples came from the northwestern Balkan Peninsula. At the time of the Roman provincial culture, one can assume that the Millstätter Berg was continuously populated due to its topographical location, as the area on the old Roman road between Turracher Höhe and Teurnia is located on a stream.
Human settlement activities on Millstätter Berg, which have existed for thousands of years, were also shown in the pollen analysis of a sediment core from the deepest area of Millstätter See between Dellach and Laggerhof, in which the sedimentation layers were also determined using the C14 method . Due to the great distance between the drilling site and both banks of the lake, the pollen sediment blown in is representative of the entire Millstätter Seetal. The pollen diagram shows from about 2200 BC. First major human impacts on vegetation in the form of a pronounced accumulation of bracken and juniper pollen , two striking indicators of human clearing and forest pasture. Settlement indicators such as grasses, herbs, cereals, cornflowers and useful plants (walnuts) as well as various weeds appeared as early as the Bronze Age . Based on the pollen analysis, five phases of increasing and decreasing human settlement activity around the lake can be identified. With the beginning of Roman times, pollen from sweet chestnuts and cereals, especially rye , accumulated , which declined again during the migration period. A drastic decline in local forest vegetation as a result of the Bavarian clearing that began in the 9th century can be seen in the sharp decline in spruce, fir and red beech pollen. The climatic fluctuations are also shown in the pollen diagram. Between 300 BC BC and AD 400 ( optimum of Roman times ) and in the Middle Ages between 800 and 1300 ( Medieval Warm Period ) there were two warm phases in which the annual mean temperature was 1 to 1.5 degrees above today's value.
Early Christianity (Laubendorf)
A church in Laubendorf dates from the early Christian era (5th – 6th centuries), the foundation walls of which have been preserved. The preserved church at Klinar-Hof in Laubendorf was freely accessible between 1957 and 2012. Now it has been filled in again, as neither the market town of Millstatt am See, nor Millstätter See Tourismus GmbH, the district, the Carinthia Tourist Association or the Republic feel responsible for the preservation of the ground monuments . A special feature of the simple hall church is the bench built along the northern wall. The reliquary pit under the altar was covered with a Roman tombstone assigned to the Barbii and Cispii families. Both come from wealthy trading families in Aquileia who controlled important trade connections for mining products in Norikum.
Around the time of Christ's birth, the Millstätter Berg belonged to the tribal area of the Ambidravi, the "people living on both sides of the Drau", a Roman name for the Noric population who settled here and were of Celtic or strongly Celtic origin. In Roman times (approx. 45-4th century AD) there was no road directly on Lake Millstatt. The Roman road led along the current course of the Obermillstätter Landesstraße, only that the path did not come up to the mountain at Dellach, but via Starfach and Matzelsdorf. Millstatt could only be reached by land from Obermillstatt or Laubendorf (Tangern). The swampy lakeshore was less attractive to the early settlers because it was difficult to access and without any agricultural favorable locations.
Slavic early Middle Ages
The church of Laubendorf was destroyed around the year 600. From this time the Slavic settlement began, which is still reflected in many place names today. Some are named after their Slavic founder or owner, such as Matzelsdorf (1177 Dulmatisdorf), the village of Dolmač ; Lammersdorf (1177 Lomärsdorf), the village of (Mi-) Lomer , Liedweg (1579 Ludwig) von Lj (u) doviče , village of Ljud (a) or Treffling (1065 Treuelicha) von Trebeliče , village of Trebela . Tangern (1065-75 Togarum) comes from * togûr , a tall, rigid person. Large and small tombra (1177 Dowrab) from Old Slavic do (m) brava oak or swamp forest or Görtschach from Gorĭčah “near the Bichlern” refer to local peculiarities . Archaeological finds from the early Middle Ages (7th – 9th centuries) can be found on the mountain in Treffling (fortifications, Burgstall) and in Sappl (graves). In the far west of the high plateau is the Rotte Trasischk, the "guard station". The name suggests a defensive settlement against starting the 2nd half of the 8th century, from north to Karantanien invading Bavarians towards that occupied the country, and missionary work were reflected blazing revolts bloody. Before the Millstatt Monastery was founded around 1070, the area belonged to the oldest Carinthian monastery, Molzbichl , which was founded around 780. Around the year 1100, colonization by the Bavarians in the easily accessible areas of Upper Carinthia was already well advanced. German place names such as Sappl (1286 villa Saepl) probably from the Old High German personal name Segi (n) palt , Öttern (since 1462) from the Middle High German etter , the fence, Schwaigerschaft von Schwaighof , a farm with cattle, Hohengaß from the high street or Laubendorf (1177 Lobinstorf ) show up.
The first detailed written list of farms is the land register of the St. George Knights from 1470, which was drawn up by the Benedictines when the Monastery of Millstatt was taken over. Subsequently, the history of the Millstätter Berg is closely linked to the Millstatt Monastery, whose immediate agricultural hinterland was the Millstätter Berg.
Soil monuments
All important archaeological finds date from the middle of the 20th century. The only exception are the ceramic finds made by the gravedigger Alois Auer vlg. Messner in Obermillstatt. In this unique time window there were many construction projects in which manual and therefore slowly digging was carried out in combination with a steadily growing awareness of history. So many archaeological finds have never been made on Millstätter Berg since then. The modern mini excavators, on the other hand, usually dig, destroying the ground, and very quickly. Any finds can be filled in again before they become known, so as not to jeopardize construction progress through scientific research. For decades there have been no finds in the area, despite the construction activities that are unique in history.
Agriculture
Until around 1950, agriculture was the main source of income for the population, with dairy cow husbandry and cattle breeding predominating. The Millstatt Monastery, the dominant landowner for centuries, had no interest in strong farmers and only handed over the farms in fixed sizes ( Huben ) as fiefdoms. Therefore there are no large farms. With the emergence of motorization, commuting was made much easier, which resulted in more and more part-time businesses. In the meantime there are only a few full-time farms left.
Historically, there was also viticulture in Millstatt, as evidenced by the field name Weinleitn . This is mentioned for Obermillstatt until the 19th century. The best time to do this was probably in the Medieval Warm Period (900–1400). After that it became increasingly cooler. In any case, in 1444 a Christoph Feichter returned three leased vineyards to the Millstatt Monastery in Obermillstatt .
Like other parts of Carinthia, Millstätter Berg was not spared from cattle diseases. Again and again the mange flared up . Stronger years were 1897, 1917, particularly 1919 or 1946. The blackleg grasierte 1902, 1915 and 1932. 1911 started a decade in which time and again the foot-and-mouth disease occurred. For several years in the late 1920s, the Wiener Zeitung reported cases of pig rot .
In 1905 a cockchafer plague was reported in Millstatt and Obermillstatt.
tourism
A very early tourist on Millstätter Berg was the Viennese alpinist and court chamber official Josef Kyselak (1798–1831). During his hike in Austria in August 1825, he went from Döbriach via Hochdellach (Starfach), where he was fascinated by the granite boulders in the forest, to Oberdellach (Matzelsdorf) and from there to Millstatt.
The first sideline opportunities arose from the emergence of tourism in Millstatt from 1870 onwards. A lot of workers were needed for lively construction (villas) and the supply of summer guests, and the farmers had a new market for their products through tourism. From 1930, the guests who previously only stayed at the lake began to populate the villages on Millstätter Berg. After the Second World War, the area was electrified and supplied with drinking and industrial water. In the 1960s and 1970s, private room rental, mainly to German holidaymakers, experienced a boom that had not been thought possible until now. Due to changed travel behavior, tourism has been steadily declining since the 1980s. For a number of years, attempts have been made to set accents in gentle tourism and have pushed hiking, farm holidays or horse riding (Sappl). A golf course was built in 1995 near Tangern, Gössering and Laubendorf.
Magnesite mining and processing
The most important employer in the area is the magnesite plant in Radenthein , which, however, no longer has the workforce of previous years. When magnesite was found on the Millstätter Alpe in 1904 , there was an enormous need for personnel for the construction of the Austrian-American Magnesit AG (today RHI AG ) plant, the quarrying of the rock until 1965 in open-cast mining and the processing into refractory stones. There are hardly any commercial operations on Millstätter Berg. Many also commute to Spittal an der Drau (district capital), Villach or Klagenfurt .
Natural disasters
When natural disasters occur in the area of the Millstätter Berg , these are usually heavy rain and storms , less often hail and drought or earthquakes . The worst storms occur when a Mediterranean low moves from the Po plain via Friuli further north over Upper Carinthia and the clouds sink low due to specific air currents and accumulate along the Millstätter Alpe. In such cases, even smaller streams can turn into raging torrents within a very short time, bringing a lot of debris from the mountain into the valley. The alluvial cones z. B. in Millstatt, Pesenthein or Görtschach. While the old farms are all in flood-proof areas, many buildings were built close to the streams in the 20th century. Due to the floods in the 1950s and 1960s, all relevant streams on Millstätter Berg have torrent barriers . In Matzelsdorf the custom of the weather bell is still upheld . By ringing the church bells violently, you think you can drive away storms. Hail and drought damage are not an existential threat to the residents today, as there are only a few full-time farmers left. Since the area is only around 30 km from the Kanaltal - Villach earthquake line, earthquakes can be felt again and again. Historically, natural events are primarily documented when they have led to major damage to stately buildings and churches. There are no reports of damage from natural disasters to the mostly simple wooden houses of the subjects. There were almost no major fires in the area, as most of the villages are not very densely built up.
| year | Type | comment |
|---|---|---|
| 600 | storm | Floods destroy the early Christian church in Laubendorf. |
| 1201 | earthquake | On June 4th, an earthquake hit the epicenter in the Liesertal Upper Carinthia. Collapsing buildings from Millstatt are not explicitly reported, but greater damage can be assumed. The vestibule of the collegiate church lost its original character by walling up the round arches and the entrance portal by an architrave pushed under the tympanum . |
| 1288 | Fire | After a major fire in Millstatt Abbey, which must have taken place between 1288 and 1290, the monastery building in Millstatt was rebuilt in 1291 under Abbot Otto IV. |
| 1348 | earthquake | In the case of the damage caused by the strong Friuli earthquake in 1348 , which resulted in a landslide on the Dobratsch , there are no reports of damage from Millstatt. Presumably at that time the westwork under the church towers was completely closed and the arched opening of the northern vestibule was made smaller. |
| 1653 | storm | An early written source about thunderstorms in the Millstätter area are the trial files against Matzelsdorf's weather maker Kaspar Haintz, who was executed for weathermaking in the course of a witchcraft trial in Gmünd . Under torture , he told of meetings with friends at Millstätter Alpe, where about Güss-making , the chill-run , the frost-spreading and the Schneiben was advised. |
| 1670 | storm | Largest flood event handed down from Tschierwegerbach. Some houses were torn away. During excavation work in the 1970s, wall remains with facilities were found at a depth of 2 m. According to tradition, this flood was worse than that of 1947. |
| 1690 | earthquake | The massive earthquake with almost three weeks of aftershocks was a decisive event for the Millstatt Jesuit rule . The Jesuits' Litterae Annuae report: “ At five o'clock in the afternoon, while Vespers was being sung, the earth trembled in the whole area with a tremor such as had not been heard for centuries with a hell of a subterranean noise. The brick portico for the ships on the lake side collapsed with the first impact. A stone pillar fell from the tall towers. There were considerable gaps in the towers themselves. “Repairing the earthquake damage took four years and required extensive renovation work on the collegiate church and the monastery buildings. The damage to the tympanum, which was plastered between 1691 and 1878, can still be seen today, particularly on the architrave. This marble bar, broken into four parts, no longer supports the relief, but is held by it with iron clips. |
| 1875 | storm | On June 13th, Obermillstatt and the rest of the area were badly hit by hailstorms. |
| 1890 | storm | Debris flow on the Görtschacherbach. Floods and mudslides in Görtschach. |
| 1893 | earthquake | January 29th. The Obermillstätter school principal reports an earthquake. It appeared as if a fully loaded cannon had been fired. Pictures hung crooked. |
| 1903 | storm | On September 12th in the following days there was a serious flood disaster in Upper Carinthia. On the Millstätter Berg, the Sonnenhofbach (stream from Matzelsdorf to Dellach) repeatedly flooded the fields above Matzelsdorf. Probably this is also the storm that destroyed 13 km of Gmündner Straße along the Lieser and was described by the dialect poet Franz Podesser from Tangern in the epic "Die Große Gieß". There was enormous damage in Upper Carinthia and the Canal Valley. |
| 1904 | storm | On July 14th, there was a fluvial transport of solids that required clean-up work for 14 days. As a result of a downpour on the Millstätter Alpe, houses, streets, gardens and facilities were flooded. Tree trunks, stones and masses of earth destroyed the market's aqueduct and tore bridges and mills into the depths. The blacksmith's forge with wagon shop and electrical work at the entrance to the gorge, newly built by master blacksmith Karl Silbernagl in 1899, was severely damaged. The first photos of this storm have survived. After lengthy negotiations, in April 1913 the kk torrent control Villach began with the security measures in the built-up area over several annual periods. |
| 1932 | storm | Flood on the Görtschacherbach. Debris flow with flooding in the Görtschach area. |
| 1933 | storm | On August 19, there was a major storm with a storm and enormous amounts of water. Five big old linden trees on the Kalvarienberg are uprooted and the road between Millstatt and Obermillstatt is impassable. The linden tree in the monastery broke halfway, and a branch broke through the roof of the monastery next to the post office. The linden tree in the Lindenhof lost its main arm. A Ganz drowned at the cantor's villa on the south bank. At the lake there were waves as high as a house. The Schillerstrand and the promenade to the Gröchenigbad were under water. In this storm, Sommeregg Castle lost most of its roof, which massively accelerated its decay. |
| 1936 | storm | Flood on Millstätter Riegenbach. |
| 1937 | storm | May, floods and debris flow on the Millstätter Riegenbach. |
| 1942 | storm | Debris flow on the Görtschacherbach. |
| 1947 | storm | Fluvial solids transport on the Gösseringbach. The strong water flow results in embankments, gravel and flooding in the local area of Gössering. On July 4th, a three-hour downpour caused mudslides in Tschierweg and Großdombra. The Laubendorferbach also muds up Laubendorf and the cultural grounds below the place. A side ditch broke out across the fields. There were blockages due to swept mills. |
| 1948 | storm | Flood on Tschierwegerbach and other minor events this year. |
| 1949 | storm | The Tschierwegerbach was flooded this year. |
| 1954 | storm | Catastrophic events with floods and mudslides in the Görtschach area. On September 6th, a thunderstorm caused severe mudslides in Pesenthein. Serious damage to two houses occurs and the main road is interrupted. The Pesentheinerbach deepened strongly in the area of Obermillstatt and Grantsch, on the lower reaches the river bed rose by up to 3 m. |
| 1958 | storm | On the night of July 31st to August 1st, 1958, several torrential thunderstorms broke out on the Millstätter Alpe, whereas not a drop of rain fell in the valley. In the upper reaches of the gorge, the water masses behind a wall of mudslides, trees and stones and floods the place. The place was mortified by 21,000 m³ debris. Thirteen passenger cars were washed into the lake, parts of houses collapsed, basements and gardens were flooded with mud, and streets were turned into deep streams. Seven people were killed. The Pesentheiner Bach had already emerged from its banks in the upper reaches near Lammersdorf and carried away a worker employed there. At the exit of the gorge near Pesenthein, cars and tents from the fully occupied campsite were washed into the lake. Agricultural land was graveled meters high. There were also large mudslides in Görtschach. There alone stated 630,000 schillings as the damage amount. A total of 83 houses were partially destroyed in the community. |
| 1956 | storm | On July 18, the Görtschacherbach came out of its banks after a thunderstorm. Fields and municipal road were flooded. |
| 1966 | storm | The Görtschacherbach came out of its banks again. Floods and mudslides lead to 580,000 schillings in damage. |
| 1967 | storm | The Görtschacherbach flooded the settlement and fields again. The amount of damage this time is 890,000 schillings. Summer guests from the private pensions fled their cars across the fields to Sappl. |
| 1975 | Earthmoving | Improper road construction resulted in a 1-hectare landslide above the village of Laubendorf, which posed a significant risk to the village. |
| 1975 | storm | Around Easter, extreme snowfall with subsequent snowmelt and rain from April 5th to 7th led to heavy flooding. Above Sappl, an approx. 2 hectare shell- shaped blaike arose that threatened four residential and farm buildings and cultural grounds. The enormous amounts of precipitation and the melted snow had caused the steep slope, which was cut several times by a newly built alpine path, to slide. Extensive meadow areas east of Sappl were muddy, and a residential building and farm buildings were graveled. |
| 1976 | earthquake | The earthquake in Friuli 1976 on May 6th was also clearly felt on Millstätter Berg. |
| 1983 | storm | In January, on the upper reaches of the Pesentheinerbach (Pöllandbach), approximately at the level of Grantsch, an approx. 3 hectare slide in a waterlogged area that can still be seen. |
literature
Johann Reinhard Bünker: The farmhouse on Lake Millstatt in Carinthia. from the "Mittheilungen der Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien", Vienna, 1902, (category with associated images on Commons )
- Friedrich Koller: From the first guest to mass tourism. The influence of tourism on the change of people, the townscape and the ecology in a community using the example of Millstatt. ( Memento of May 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) . Diploma thesis, University of Klagenfurt, 2005.
- Matthias Maierbrugger : The story of Millstatt . With a contribution by Dr. Karl Dinklage: The history of the Millstatt market . Published by the market town of Millstatt by Verlag Ferd. Kleinmayr, Klagenfurt. 1964 [422 pages / overview work without source information].
- Matthias Maierbrugger: Vacation on Lake Millstatt. A guide. Heyn Verlag, Klagenfurt, 2nd edition, 1978, ISBN 3-85366-269-2 . [without footnotes]
- Christine Niedermayer: The village of Treffling with the registration by the Franziszeischen cadastre. Retrieved March 3, 2018 .
- Bernd Oberhuber / Hans G. Kugler: Courtyards, houses, domesticity. Civil and rural housing in Millstatt am See. 1994. [u. a. with brief description + photo of 33 farms]
- Edi Rauter: Seeboden. A health resort on Lake Millstatt. Carinthia Verlag, Klagenfurt, 1976, ISBN 3-85378-015-6
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alexander Glinz (Tmvm77): Obermillstatt environment, DJI-S800 on air or impressions from Millstatt, DJI-S800 on tour , 2013. Aerial photos (HDTV films) of Obermillstatt and the environment.
- ↑ Information from Jochen Schlamberger: On the geology of the area around Lake Millstatt. In: Der Millstätter See , Klagenfurt 2008, pp. 47–50.
- ↑ This and all other current population data 2001 census .
- ^ Austrian Academy of Sciences : Historical Ortlexikon. Statistical documentation on population and settlement history. CARINTHIA. www.oeaw.ac.at, August 31, 2016, accessed December 9, 2019 .
- ^ Statistics Austria : Census from May 15, 2001. Population by location. Millstatt municipality (20620). Statistics Austria, July 31, 2009, accessed on March 8, 2018 .
- ^ Statistics Austria: Census from May 15, 2001. Population by location. Döbriach municipality (20630). Statistics Austria, July 29, 2009, accessed on March 8, 2018 .
- ↑ Statistics Austria : Population on 1.1.2017 by locality, area status on 1.1.2017. January 2017, accessed March 7, 2018 .
- ^ Austrian Academy of Sciences : Historical Ortlexikon. Statistical documentation on population and settlement history. CARINTHIA. www.oeaw.ac.at, August 31, 2016, accessed March 7, 2018 .
- ^ Statistics Austria : Census from May 15, 2001. Population by location. Seeboden municipality (20634). Statistics Austria, July 27, 2009, accessed on February 11, 2018 .
- ↑ Statistics Austria : Population on 1.1.2017 by locality, area status on 1.1.2017. January 2017, accessed March 3, 2018 .
- ↑ Some of the finds can be viewed in the Abbey Museum in Millstatt .
- ^ Adolf Fritz: 4000 years of human settlement activity as reflected in the pollen analysis. A pollen diagram from Lake Millstatt. In: History Association for Carinthia: Carinthia I. Journal for historical regional studies of Carinthia. 189th year, Klagenfurt 1999, pp. 43–52.
- ↑ Erwin Hirtenfelder: Church swallowed up by the ground. In Upper Carinthia, people complain about the filling of the early Christian church in Laubendorf. Nobody felt responsible for their care . On Kleine Zeitung , December 18, 2012, last accessed on December 23, 2012.
- ^ Andreas Lippert: Reclam's Archeology Guide Austria and South Tyrol . Stuttgart, 1985.
- ^ Eberhard Kranzmayer : Place name book of Carinthia . Part II. Alphabetical Carinthian settlement name book (with the official and dialect forms, the oldest and most important documentary evidence of the etymology and with a compilation of the basic words and suffixes. Ed .: History Association for Carinthia . Volume 51 . Verlag des Geschichtsverein für Kärnten, Klagenfurt 1958, see the place names given (260 pages).
- ^ Viticulture in Carinthia. In: Klagenfurter Zeitung , December 21, 1860, p. 1 (online at ANNO ).
- ^ Gottlieb von Ankershofen , Karlman Tangl: Handbook of the history of the duchy of Carinthia: From the union with the Austrian principalities up to the most recent times; History of Carinthia from the union with the Austrian principalities to their division, Volume 2. J. Leon'schen Buchhandlung, 1843, p. 582 ( full text in Google Book Search).
- ^ Mange .. In: Wiener Zeitung , June 25, 1919, p. 11 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Der Volkswirt. In: Grazer Volksblatt , October 16, 1902, p. 9 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Carinthia. Foot and mouth disease. In: Wiener Zeitung , November 3, 1911, p. 7 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Rotlauf (Erysipelas suum). In: Wiener Zeitung , July 10, 1927, p. 6 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Cockchafer plague in Carinthia. In: Das Vaterland , September 3, 1905, p. 4 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Einödertal and Mühlstädtersee In: Goffriller, Gabriele (ed.): Kyselak. Sketches of a foot trip through Austria. Salzburg, 2009. p. 126.
- ↑ Exhibition on the history of magnesite mining in the Abbey Museum in Millstatt or in the Türkhof on the Mühlenwanderweg in Kaning / Nockberge National Park.
- ↑ Axel Huber : Earthquake damage to the Millstätter Stiftskirche - Conclusions for its building history. In: History Association for Carinthia: Carinthia I. Journal for historical regional studies of Carinthia. Volume 192/2002, pp. 343-361.
- ↑ "... making storms, guiding hailstorms , spreading frost and snowing ..."
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Danger zone plan Millstatt
- ↑ Richard Perger: The work of the Jesuit order in Millstatt. In: Studies on the history of Millstatt and Carinthia. Lectures at the Millstatt Symposia 1981-1995. Archive for patriotic history and topography, 78. Klagenfurt, 1997, p. 542.
- ↑ Ungewitter in Carinthia. In: Tiroler Volksblatt. For God, Kaiser and Fatherland , June 30, 1875, p. 4 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ The earthquake of January 29, 1893. Headmaster Mr. Johann Piron reports from Obermillstatt. In: Carinthia II. Mitt (h) eilungen / annual report of the Natural History State Museum for Carinthia , year 1893, p. 44 (online at ANNO ). Also as a PDF on ZOBODAT .
- ^ The flood in Carinthia. In: Grazer Volksblatt , September 16, 1903, p. 10 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Edi Rauter: Seeboden. A health resort on Lake Millstatt. Publisher Carinthia edition. Klagenfurt, 1976, ISBN 3-85378-015-6 , pp. 19 .
- ^ The flood catastrophe in the Alpine countries. In: Neuigkeits-Welt-Blatt , September 20, 1903, p. 9 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Exhibited in the Millstatt Local History Museum - Obermillstatt
- ^ School chronicle of the elementary school Obermillstatt exhibited in the local museum Millstatt - Obermillstatt
- ↑ Edi Rauter: Seeboden. A health resort on Lake Millstatt. Publisher Carinthia edition. Klagenfurt, 1976, ISBN 3-85378-015-6 , pp. 25 .
- ↑ NN: A whole campsite washed into the lake. The worst storm in memory over Millstatt and Pesenthein - 7 dead, 12 missing. , Arbeiter-Zeitung , August 2, 1958, pp. 1 and 5, accessed on March 3, 2018
Coordinates: 46 ° 49 ′ 0 ″ N , 13 ° 35 ′ 0 ″ E