Obermillstatt
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Obermillstatt ( village ) locality cadastral municipality Obermillstatt |
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| Basic data | |||
| Pole. District , state | Spittal an der Drau (SP), Carinthia | ||
| Judicial district | Spittal an der Drau | ||
| Pole. local community | Millstatt am See | ||
| Coordinates | 46 ° 48 '38 " N , 13 ° 35' 27" E | ||
| height | 857 m above sea level A. | ||
| Residents of the village | 589 (January 1, 2020) | ||
| Building status | 196 (2017) | ||
| Area d. KG | 18.11 km² | ||
| Post Code | 9872 Millstatt | ||
| Statistical identification | |||
| Locality code | 02067 | ||
| Cadastral parish number | 73210 | ||
| Counting district / district | Millstatt / Obermillstatt (20620 000/001) | ||
 Location at OpenStreetMap |
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| Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; KAGIS | |||
Obermillstatt is a church village and a cadastral community of the market town of Millstatt in the Spittal an der Drau district in the Austrian state of Carinthia . Like the surrounding settlements, the place with 589 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) is a rural-structured recreational village. In the absence of local businesses, a large part of the working population commutes. The magnesite plant of RHI AG in Radenthein, 13 km away , has been an important employer since 1907 . The magnesite deposit on the Millstätter Alpe lies in the area of the cadastral municipality of Obermillstatt. For 84 years, between 1889 and 1973, Obermillstatt was an independent municipality.
geography
The cluster village on the Millstätter Berg is 857 m above sea level. A. Sea level on a high plateau around 150 m above Lake Millstatt at the foot of the Millstätter Alpe in the Nock Mountains and can be reached via the B 98 from Millstatt (2 km) or via the L 17 from Dellach or Seeboden (distance to the Tauern Autobahn A10 / Spittal-Millstätter See junction 9 km). Lammersdorf and Kleindombra are in the immediate vicinity.
climate
Carinthia lies in the moderate climate zone of Central Europe. Due to the location south of the main Alpine ridge as an important weather divide , the climate is more oriented towards southern weather events, for example the Mediterranean lows . Due to the locations between the mountains, the climate is structured on a small scale with regard to the general weather situation. The precipitation follows the Central European pattern with Niederschlagsminima in winter and peaks in the summer. The precipitation in summer often comes from heavy rain, especially during thunderstorms (see historical compilation of natural disasters on Millstätter Berg). Its basin position, which is open to the south, and the protection against north winds lead to more hours of sunshine at Lake Millstatt than in other Upper Carinthia.
history
Early history
The area around Obermillstatt has been inhabited for at least 4000 years. The prehistoric sites of Lammersdorf and Sappl - the oldest so far in Upper Carinthia - are only around one and a half kilometers away. The hilltops that occur in the area, as they are also on the lower edge of Obermillstatt, were used as fortified settlements in prehistoric times . The base of a ceramic jug of the Laugen-Melaun culture from the Late Bronze Age (approx. 13-11th century BC), found in the new area of the cemetery, is the oldest trace of settlement in the local area. The urn that was found at the former Fastian inn in neighboring Lammersdorf also dates from this period .
The first identifiable population of Upper Carinthia are the Illyrians . Mountain and river names such as the Tauern or the Drau go back to their Indo-European language , all of them topographical units of a size that were not Romanized , Slavicized or Germanized . From approx. 200 BC The Millstätter Berg belonged to the tribal area of the Ambidravi , the "people living on both sides of the Drau", a Roman name for the Noric population who settled here and which arose from the resident Illyrians and the newly immigrated Celts . Both peoples came from the northwestern Balkan Peninsula.
So far there are no finds in Obermillstatt from the time of the Roman provincial culture. Due to the topographical location, one can assume a small settlement, as the place is on the old Roman road between Turracher Höhe and Teurnia on a stream. The consistently Slavic place names on the Millstätter Berg indicate a large-scale development by the Alpine Slavs in the Principality of Carantania from AD 600. From the 8th century, Carantania gradually came under Bavarian - Franconian influence and gradually lost its independence.
It is likely that many farms on Millstätter Berg before the Millstatt Monastery was founded around 1080 belonged to the oldest Carinthian monastery Molzbichl , which was founded in the course of the second, Bavarian missionary work around 780. The first missionary work in the area came from Aquileia . Matzelsdorf as a branch church of Döbriach belonged to Molzbichl until 1768. A fragment of a column, found in the stream near the Messner not far from the church, could have come from the early medieval barrier system in the Molzbichler monastery church and was probably brought to Obermillstatt on the orders of the St. Georg knights. One traces of settlement that cannot be precisely classified in terms of time, but is probably medieval, is the bedding of a pound that was found two meters below the surface in the creek bed. With the Baiern came from the 12th century. also their dialect and thus the German language to Carinthia, from which the Carinthian dialect emerged.
Roman traces
Individual buildings in the area from Roman times, such as the early Christian church in Laubendorf, interpreted as the escape church of Teurnia or a Roman villa in Dellach on Lake Millstatt, are known. An old Roman road between Teurnia and the Kirchheimer Tal led past the southern outskirts of Obermillstatt. In dry years, the farmers report, the course can still be seen at the local sports field. For a long time it was not possible to route the road directly on the lake because of the Hohe Wand near Döbriach. Presumably, some favorable locations had already been made arable in Roman times. The most beautiful Obermillstätter fields are relatively flat and large. The place is on a plateau between two large streams. The Riegerbach or Leitenbach flows to the west. The brook name Riegersbach is also used for the Pesentheiner and Radentheiner Bach. The written Slovenian reka means Bach. On the eastern side is after Pesenthein flowing Pöllandbach was called. The small Obermillstätter Bach, also called Mühlbach, has always been adjustable, because it can be diverted to the Pesentheiner Bach if there is a risk of flooding. In Millstatt, located on the alluvial cone of the Riegerbach, the areas available for agriculture are significantly smaller and repeatedly threatened by floods. In pre-tourist times, life on the water was not very attractive because of the often swampy banks. The earliest form of the manorial economy was the Roman villication system. A villa was a manorial estate, whose large estates were worked on by servants and maidservants. Farmers in today's sense did not exist yet.
By the turn of the millennium at the latest, the area around Obermillstatt was extensively cleared. Possibly the cleared areas were even larger than today. In the early Middle Ages there was a warm phase, as a result of which the settlement boundaries rose significantly. That it was warmer and viticulture possible in the Millstatt area is evident not only from the field name "Weinleitn", but also from documents. In 1447 Ulrich Staindell received a vineyard as a fiefdom for life. In the 20th century, many of the less productive and remote mountain meadows that are now forested were given up. As a result of social changes, there were fewer and fewer workers for agricultural work. Servants and maids found better paid jobs in other areas. Compulsory schooling was increasingly enforced. The fewer and fewer peasant children were no longer allowed to work on the farm in a restricted way.
Name connection between Millstatt and Obermillstatt
The closeness to the names of the places is remarkable, especially since much smaller scattered settlements in the area have their own place names such as Kleindombra, which means something like a small oak or swamp forest. On the one hand, this may be related to the dominance of the Millstätter monastery, for which the place was the immediate agricultural hinterland. On the other hand, there are also considerations as to whether the Milistat, first mentioned in a document in 1070, was originally the name of an older place near Obermillstatt and “wandered” from there into the valley. River names are among the oldest known names. The core name of Millstatt probably comes from Celtic times and refers to a site on the Mils . The brook name Mils from a pre-Slavic “Melissa” means “mountain brook” or “hill brook”, which could probably mean the Riegersbach or the Obermillstätter Bach. Perhaps in the future there will still be traces of early settlement in Obermillstatt to clarify this question.
Farmers and landlords
The earliest existing Millstatt document shows that Count Palatine Aribo II from Bavaria owned two churches in Millstatt before 1060. It is very likely that Millstatt and Obermillstatt were meant. In the course of a tithe regulation , Aribo exchanged the third part of the tithe of his goods and those of his wife Liutkard in the archbishopric of Salzburg for the church at the time of the Salzburg archbishop Gebhard von Helfenstein . He was therefore also responsible for baptismal and burial law and all ecclesiastical authority in the associated area. Subsequently, Aribo donated his Obermillstätter possessions to the Millstatt Abbey , although it is not known how many goods there were. A certificate of incorporation from Millstatt has not yet been found. The monks ended the aristocratic management of the estate and distributed the possessions to farmers who had to pay taxes. There is a lot of documentary material from the Benedictine period, which also lists acquisitions in Obermillstatt. 1338 received the monastery u. a. an estate in Obermillstatt and Matzelsdorf from the founder Irmgart von Obermillstatt and her daughter Sophey. In return it was agreed: “1 man's pledge for life, 1 measure of wheat from the box”. In 1339 the monastery bought five fields in Obermillstatt from an Ott von Obermillstatt for 15 Mark Aquilean Pfennig . A donation of a “half hat to Matzelsdorf” by Elsbet Gutmanin and her father Friedrich dates from 1364 . In 1415 the monastery bought a fiefdom and five fields in Obermillstatt from Jörg von Lind for “160 Mark Aquilean Pfennig u. 6 pounds of Perner ”. By renouncing a fiefdom in 1444, Christof, son of Heinrich Feichter, gave the monastery a house, two gardens and half a farm in Obermillstatt. There is no listing of the monastery properties from the Benedictine period itself. The first inventory was made when it was handed over to the Knights of St. George . The land register from 1470 shows a monastery property of 16 Huben, 3 fiefdoms, 1 Schwaige , 1 Neubruch and 1 Anger for Obermillstatt . Since Tschierweg, Großdombra and Lammersdorf are listed separately in the Urbar, Obermillstatt was a quite stately village at that time, at least the largest of the Millstatt Monastery.
The majority of these interest loans were given as personal treasures and returned to the monastery after the death of the entrant. In the 15th century in particular, enfeoffments that could be passed on to sons and daughters increased. The interest, depending on the size of the fief, consisted mainly of cash benefits, which mostly had to be paid to St. Michael, St. Martin or St. Georg. The Millstätter donations also contain references to Obermillstätter Höfe. In 1317 a Johann von Obermillstatt received a hat in Matzelsdorf for life. In 1342 an estate near Obermillstatt is mentioned. In 1447 Kristan and Margreth Helmesauer received "2 parts of the courtyard and tower and Alm zu Obermillstatt".
In earlier times, it was mentioned until the 19th century, there was also viticulture in Obermillstatt . The best time to do this was probably in the Medieval Warm Period (900–1400). After that it became increasingly cooler. In any case, in 1444 a Christoph Feichter returned three leased vineyards to the Millstatt Monastery in Obermillstatt .
The Jesuits - Tax Burden and Baroque
As successors to the George Knights, the Jesuits took over the Millstatt Monastery in 1598 and were also the landlords for the Obermillstätter for 187 years (see also Millstatt Jesuit rule ). The University of Graz, founded in 1586, was administered by the Jesuits. The income from the Millstatt rule and thus also the taxes of the Obermillstätter were dedicated to the expansion and maintenance of the university. The chief landlord of the Millstatt Residence was the Father Rector of the University of Graz. The Jesuits soon developed a lively activity in Millstatt and carried out the Counter-Reformation with ruthless consistency , as many residents of the area had switched to Protestantism . In 1600 all citizens and farmers had to appear before a commission that instructed them about the Catholic faith and gave them the choice of either renouncing Protestant teaching and returning to the Catholic Church or leaving behind a tenth of their belongings within three months ( to Transylvania ) to emigrate. On the other hand, the Jesuits also tried to convince the people of Catholicism through peaceful measures. They staged great celebrations and commissioned the magnificent baroque decoration of many churches such as that in Obermillstatt around 1720. The contrast between a newly built, brightly lit, gold-adorned church and the simple, dark smoking rooms of the farmers can be more clearly seen today. Since the order demanded the taxes to which it was entitled ( tithe and robot ) from the population without consideration, there was an armed uprising of the peasants in 1737, which was suppressed. After the Jesuit order was abolished in 1773, the Millstätter district was incorporated into the Gurk diocese and the properties came under the rule of the study fund , which was administered by a state cameraman between 1773 and 1850 .
The French bring freedom
After the Napoleonic Wars (1792 to 1815) Upper Carinthia was assigned to the French kingdom of Illyria , but came back into the possession of the Habsburgs in 1814 with the end of Napoleon I's reign . The first land survey in the area around Obermillstatt took place in the 1820s as part of the work on the Franziszeische Cadastre , the aim of which was to create a uniform and fair basis for the collection of property tax. The old field names at that time for the fields in the south were Peinthen , in the east Tonach , in the north Leiten , Stronbichel , Angern , Stadlboden and in the west Stren and Grometen . The French era gradually brought about the dissolution of the old subordinate or manorial system. As a result of the March Revolution of 1848/49, the Obermillstätter farmers were also outsourced from the area of imperial rule. Local communities were formed for the first time in the course of the peasant liberation . In 1848 the farmers on Millstätter Berg became free citizens with the abolition of serfdom . Another consequence of the revolution of 1848 was the introduction of local self-government, which enabled the tax and cadastral communities to unite with others to form a local community with a mayor to be elected. In the new local community Millstatt under the first mayor Alois Defner, the five cadastral communities Millstatt, Großegg, Laubendorf, Obermillstatt and Matzelsdorf united.
As early as 1793, some Millstatt innkeepers tried to have the Obermillstatt parish abolished, as the separation meant that fewer churchgoers from Obermillstatt came to Millstatt. The first contrasts between valley and mountain inhabitants emerged, which later led to the division of the two communities.
Separation and reunification of Millstatt and Obermillstatt
In February 1888, under Mayor Johann Fauner, the previous large community was divided into the local communities Obermillstatt with 4861 hectares and 1200 inhabitants and Millstatt with 2271 hectares and 700 inhabitants. The separation seems to have been preceded by a long dispute between the citizens of the Millstatt market and the farmers on the mountain. In the Matzelsdorf parish chronicle it says: In this year the preparatory work for the separation of the Millstatt community into two communities, namely Millstatt and Obermillstatt, was made, and it is hoped that the new election will take place separately at Christmas. This happened mostly because several market dwellers were overburdened by expensive road constructions that were completely useless for the mountain dwellers through the courtyard and courtyard garden, for which the miners were drawn in in equal measure with those of the market. The last municipal council meeting on the division of the common property was on May 2, 1888.
From 1938 to 1945 Obermillstatt was part of the “Spittal an der Drau District” in the “ Reichsgau Kärnten”. Legally responsible was the Millstatt District Court, subordinate to the Klagenfurt Regional Court and the Graz Higher Regional Court. In 1934 Obermillstatt had 1285 inhabitants, in 1939 there were 1312. Until the reunification with the Millstatt municipality on January 1, 1973, the municipalities developed, especially economically, in a separate development, in which often controversial opinions had to be resolved, but common goals could also be pursued . The municipality of Obermillstatt had an area of 4861 hectares. The population had increased from 1200 to 1651 (1964). During its existence from 1888 to 1972, the Altgemeinde Obermillstatt comprised the cadastral community of Obermillstatt with the villages of Obermillstatt, Lammersdorf, Grantsch and Görtschach, the cadastral community of Laubendorf with the villages of Laubendorf, Gössering, Hohengaß, Öttern, Schwaigerschaft and Tschierweg and the villages of Matzelsdorf with the Matzelsdorf district , Sappl, Dellach and Pesenthein on Lake Millstatt. With the reform, the municipality of Obermillstatt lost the Dellach district of Starfach with 33 hectares and 143 inhabitants to the municipality of Radenthein. Radenthein was able to almost double its lakefront length on Lake Millstatt. In return, it is only known that Radenthein took over a quarter of an outstanding road construction loan from 1967.
Formerly tourism
From the 1870s tourism began in Millstatt. In 1884 the newly built villas, but also the traditional and well-tended farms around Millstatt are mentioned for the first time. In tourist guides and brochures u. a. Hikes to the villages on the Millstätter Berg and Millstätter Alpe are particularly recommended because of the very beautiful views. A popular path led through the gorge to the Herzog and Rautfeldbauer Falls. The “Hochweg” to the Rainer-Hube, a country inn, which later became the elementary school, was also popular. Vulgo Ranner was once the most beautiful and largest farm in Obermillstatt with over 18 hectares of land, 5.4 hectares of which alone were "best building land" (the fields under the village), meadows, alpine pastures and forests on the Lerchriegel, corresponding neighborhood shares and its own large mill. The farm was for sale from 1877. The house and courtyard garden became the elementary school and the agricultural part of the Vlg Ranner (the current community house). The Ranner was foreclosed in 1903 because the farmers died young and no one wanted to save the inheritance of the young children.
The first summer guests on the mountain were at Gasthaus Rainer. As early as 1877 it was said: The inn is very popular with bathers in summer. In 1900 Dellach reports of early overnight stays by tourists in the former municipality of Obermillstatt. Tourism offered new job opportunities that were sometimes dangerous. Most of the villagers could not swim until well into the 20th century. In 1889 a laundress from Obermillstatt drowned after she got into the deep water, which was an occasion to call on the authorities to “provide safe bathing places for the poorer population”.
First World War
With the First World War came the first major slump in the emerging tourism. Since there were no guests in Millstatt, the demand for agricultural products had also fallen sharply. The Obermillstatt community lost 66 men in the war. Soldiers from Obermillstatt were drafted preferentially to the Austro-Italian front on the Isonzo .
The time around the first Weld War was difficult for the peasants too. Like other parts of Carinthia, Millstätter Berg was not spared from cattle diseases. Again and again the mange flared up . Stronger years were 1897, 1917, particularly 1919 or 1946. The blackleg grasierte 1902, 1915 and 1932. 1911 started a decade in which time and again the foot-and-mouth disease occurred. For several years in the late 1920s, the Wiener Zeitung reported cases of pig rot . In 1905 a cockchafer plague was reported in Millstatt and Obermillstatt.
In the interwar period, tourism recovered quickly. In 1924 the road from Millstatt to Obermillstatt was built and replaced the old ravine. A piece is still preserved today next to the Calvary. The first cars came to Obermillstatt. From 1930 there were guest rooms all over the Millstätter Berg.
Great Depression
The lost First World War with the end of the monarchy had massive economic effects. In 1921/22, the great inflation made cash worthless. In 1925 there was a change from kronen to schillings. A high point of the global economic crisis in Austria was the bankruptcy of the largest bank, the Creditanstalt, in the summer of 1931. In autumn there was an attempt by the Christian Social and National Home Guard to take power in Austria by means of a coup . Against the background of this unstable situation, state and local elections took place in some federal states on April 24, 1932, with the NSDAP winning massively at the expense of the Greater German People's Party and the Landbund . In Austria-wide comparison in Carinthia , the NSDAP was not only able to achieve the greatest successes in the cities but also in the rural communities. In 1930 the NSDAP was only 3% across Austria. In Obermillstatt she achieved 15.7%, that is 3 of 16 mandates.
The brown propaganda was strong and believed by many. One hoped for jobs. As a result of the economic crisis, there was less and less demand for agricultural products from the neighboring tourist town of Millstatt to supply summer visitors. House staff was hardly needed any more. The ancillary trades associated with tourism, such as construction, could not take on workers due to a lack of orders. Commuting to other places, such as the district capital of Spittal an der Drau , which is around 12 kilometers away , involved hours of walking that only a few undertook. The daily return home was important for many, as artisans needed at least a small part-time farming to survive . Jobs were also reduced in the Radentheiner magnesite works and in the “Bruch”, the magnesite mining on the Millstätter Alpe. Although the work there was difficult and the men even walked with snowshoes over the Millstätter Hütte to the quarrying area in winter and only returned home for two days after a week, employment there was considered very good. Under the impression of unemployment, the young men in particular saw National Socialism as salvation. There are reports of long-term unemployed people who, for years without pay, only hired themselves out to provide food for farmers and felt accordingly exploited. At the beginning of 1933 there was reports of a hunger march by the unemployed in Spittal.
But the farmers were not doing particularly well economically either, and the National Socialists lured them with promises such as complete debt relief, subsidies (home schillings), the purchase of surplus cattle and other economic advantages of a common Greater German Empire. The Protestant religion should be equated with the Catholic as the state religion. Former Reich German soldiers were encouraged to buy farms in Austria, which served as the first Nazi cells to distribute propaganda material. After the establishment of the legal party structures until 1933, there were economic boycotts. Nazis were instructed to avoid patriotic businessmen or farmers and to harm them as much as possible. In order to stir up the supporters accordingly, there were secret nocturnal meetings, which are also reported in the Obermillstätter area. Since the NSDAP did not have access to suitable human resources when it came to selecting personnel, they were not choosy. Criminals could easily make a career. The SA Storm Leader von Millstatt had five previous convictions and his deputy had three convictions for serious fraud.
"Brown Terror" and July Coup
At the beginning of 1933 Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany, which massively strengthened the Austrian National Socialists in their zeal. In March 1933, the Christian Social Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss prevented parliament from meeting again and used this for a coup to establish a corporate state . The Nazi terrorist acts increased massively, which led to a ban on the NSDAP by the Dollfuss regime in June 1933 . By 1938, around 800 people across Austria died from the terror of the illegal NSDAP, with 164 perishing during the July coup and 636, some seriously injured or materially damaged. At the latest from the one-thousand-mark ban imposed by Nazi Germany in 1933 to damage Austrian tourism, the economic difficulties were also strongly felt in the Obermillstätter. Only very few Germans were willing to pay this entry fee, which is around 3,900 euros today.
In the area around Lake Millstatt there were constant fighting between the formations of the parties and the arrests of supporters of the NSDAP from May 1934. According to contemporary witnesses, the political actions of the Nazis in the Obermillstatt community in the early 1930s were still relatively harmless. There were swastika graffiti , swastika flags at prominent places in the forest, for example. B. on the Sauterbichl near Sappl, or on mountains burned down fires in the shape of a swastika on Mirnock , Goldeck or Gmeineck. A Catholic farmer's cart in Görtschach was once lifted onto the roof of his wooden hut, so that the next day he had great difficulty getting the cart back down.
On the night of June 29, 1934, there was serious damage to property for the first time with stolen explosives from the Radenthein magnesite plant. In order to intimidate political opponents, supporters of the now banned NSDAP blew up the newly built house of the state-owned factory worker Stefan Steurer in Dellach, which at that time belonged to the municipality of Obermillstatt. That same night, the largest terrorist attack in Carinthia to date took place, the large iron Lieser Bridge near Seebach being blown up, which temporarily cut off the Millstatt lake area from the connection to the railroad. An attack on the Vienna express train failed at Lake Wörthersee. Both actions were specifically aimed at damaging domestic foreign traffic.
Less than a month later, between July 25th and 30th, 1934, there was a large-scale attempt by the National Socialists to overthrow. It is assumed that Hitler personally was the initiator. In Vienna , SS men disguised as soldiers of the armed forces and police officers attacked the Federal Chancellery and RAVAG and forced a false report on the radio, which was the agreed signal that National Socialists all over Austria should start with a "survey". Especially in Styria and Carinthia, there were sometimes fierce battles between the National Socialists and the armed forces of the federal government, the armed forces, the police, the gendarmerie and independently operating units of "government loyal" military associations, the Home Guard . During these days, volunteer protection corps such as the Ostmärkische Sturmscharen were mobilized.
As in all of Carinthia, there was also fighting in Millstatt. On July 27th at four in the morning about fifty heavily armed Nazi putschists came on the street from Radenthein, opened fire and captured the two Millstatt gendarmes and five Schutzkorps men who opposed them. They operated the siren to inform other Nazis who were waiting for the coup and freed the Millstätter and Obermillstätter who had been in the municipal dumpster since the bomb attacks. At five thirty the first 20 alpine hunters of the federal army came from Spittal, freed gendarmes and Schuko people and drove the putschists into the forests east of the village. However, they did not dare to attack, although they had meanwhile grown to around 300 people from the surrounding area and the Kirchheimer and district valleys, and fled through the woods. A total of one alpine hunter and two home guardians died. The coup was suppressed throughout Austria by July 30th. Around 4,000 National Socialists were tried by military courts, 13 were executed, and many were sent to detention camps. Six people from the community of Obermillstatt (including a farmer, an unskilled worker and two farm workers) were deported to the Wöllersdorf detention center in Lower Austria, where they were held for about six months. Richer Nazis, e.g. B. tavern sons fled to the German Empire in Bavaria to the Austrian Legion .
The cessation of tourism due to the political struggles of 1933 and 1934 meant that the Millstatt community went bankrupt with all businesses and was placed under compulsory administration by the Klagenfurt mortgage company, whose local executor was Josef Pleikner. Since many Obermillstatters lived directly or indirectly from tourism, the situation became precarious. On July 24, 1937, the Obermillstätter municipal council decided to erect a war memorial. The white marble cross with a relief was created by Friedrich Gornik and provided with a text by Guido Zernatto . In 1938 there was a spectacular accident. A car from Klagenfurt fell 40 m into the gorge.
The “Anschluss” in 1938 and war again
At the beginning of March 1938 there were rallies organized by the Fatherland Front in some Carinthian cities, as well as in Spittal, to demonstrate the unshakable will to maintain the independence of the fatherland Austria. But the overwhelming majority preferred to become part of Hitler's Germany . With the annexation of Austria on March 13, 1938, the Carinthian state press service reported: A time of peace, cleanliness and prosperity is dawning. Now it became possible to openly profess National Socialism. Here and there swastikas were painted on the houses so that they could be seen from afar. The deportation of Jews was also noticed in the mountain village. In Spittal there were no longer the Jewish shops that one visited now and then on Sunday after church, even if it was an hour-long walk. On August 18, the boys born in 1917 were called up to work in the German armed forces at the Radenthein secondary school. The period of covert preparation for war in 1938/1939 remained the first and only phase of the economic boom. The participation of the villagers in the corresponding apron organizations such as Hitler Youth , Sturmabteilung (SA) , Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM) or the local farmers became mandatory. There were always ideologically oriented events in Obermillstatt and Millstatt. The district women organized, for example, web courses lasting several weeks "so that old farm work begins to revive." In 1939, the NSDAB group speaker Edi Rauter from Radenthein gave a lecture on "Blood and Soil" in the Millstatt Knight's Hall. Afterwards the “Gaufilm” “SA-Mann Brand” was shown, in the afternoon also for the students from Millstatt and Obermillstatt. In February 1943 there was a “large rally” in Döbriach, at which the district leader was present. The reason was the extremely "good result of the district's own street collection" (winter collection) by the local groups in Döbriach and Obermillstatt. As eyewitnesses report, donations were made with a certain amount of emphasis. They went from house to house in groups.
Forced labor in the labor maiden camp
The farmers, called Reichsnährstand under National Socialism , were strictly hierarchically organized and promoted in order to make the German Reich as independent as possible from abroad. Basically, there was a compulsion to work and the free choice of profession was largely restricted. Young men and women were drafted into the unpaid Reich Labor Service ( RAD ) for half a year . As early as June 1938, plans for eleven Reich labor camps in Carinthia were known, initially with river regulation, draining of moors and the construction of roads. In Obermillstatt, the twelfth Carinthian RAD warehouse with the number 4/224 was created especially for young women. It is unknown who was behind the choice of the location for the local labor maiden camp. In particular for the National Socialist farmers of the Millstätter Berg, the free labor was of great economic benefit. Peasants or chastisers classified as Catholic , where the men were at war, were not taken into account in the allocation of labor. In the RAD girls' camp there were an average of 40 to 50 women who had to do agricultural work for the farmers in the surrounding villages. The Nazi propaganda naturally viewed the strenuous work in the fields, in the stables and in the alpine pastures as positive: KDF took care of the young people and provided many happy and educational hours. There were always celebrations in the camp. B. on Mother's Day. On this occasion the local group leader awarded crosses of honor. As the war progressed, female forced laborers were added. In the course of the war, prisoners of war were also used to work. In 1977, the new elementary school of Obermillstatt was built on the site of the former camp, known colloquially as “At the barracks”.
In Obermillstatt, too, reports are made of the usual Nazi bans, such as listening to foreign radio stations such as the BBC or attending religious education classes. While some were hoping for a job at last, others also saw the opportunity to expand their property by deporting those who did not conform to the system to the Ukraine . Special Nazi careers from the community are not known. There were militant Hitler Youth leaders, some SA men who patrolled the village street, but also volunteer SS members. Everyone soon became disillusioned. During the Second World War , the community lost 68 men. Hardly any family had no victims to complain about. Most of the men in the area were drafted into the Balkans . Despite the many advertisements of heroic deaths in the newspapers, the rituals were retained even in the late phase of the war. In August 1944, the deputy handed over. Gauleiter solemnly presented the national flag for his group to the Obermillstätter local group leader. How great the pressure was from the local Nazis is shown by the unified accession of all men of military age in the Obermillstatt and Millstatt local groups to the National Socialist Auxiliary Police SA a few weeks later.
The place itself was not affected by warlike events. Contemporary witnesses only report of British or American bomber units flying overhead that bombed the railroad in the Drautal and the cities of Villach and Klagenfurt . On clear nights of bombing, the dropping of the “Christmas trees” - light bombs to mark targets - could be seen in the distance. An empty petrol tank only fell once on the darkened Obermillstatt. During the war, in addition to the very weak tourism, there were officially ordered billeting. In Millstatt and the surrounding area, several Kinderlandverschickung camps were set up for around 500 children from bombed-out families in Berlin.
Occupation time
The liberation of Obermillstatt from the National Socialists was carried out by the English. The place was under British administration during the occupation . The local population had to deliver food to supply the troops. Contemporary witnesses paint a generally positive picture of the English, who repeatedly distributed food such as dried fruit, mandarins, figs and candies. In search of the national socialists who were hiding from the locals or who had come from the Balkans, the British combed Obermillstatt again and again and occasionally drove their jeeps to the Millstätter Alpe. The headquarters of the English was Heroldeck Castle in Millstatt. The locals had to provide the soldiers with food. Refugees were quartered in the Obermillstatt rectory for some time.
post war period
After the war, the electricity and drinking water supply began to be built up. The Carinthian lakes were extremely popular with tourists from Germany, as they could get there by car without too much stress. The capacities of the hotels on the lake were insufficient and private room rental experienced an incredible boom. 1961 the municipality bought Obermillstatt from magnesite Radenthein the dream villa and had thus has its own lido in Dellach am See. However, mass tourism also led to sewage problems. The Millstätter See suffered from red algae for the first time in 1967 . The construction of a circular sewer system was decided by all neighboring communities. The connection of the first houses to the circular sewer system in Obermillstatt began around 1975. Since the 1980s, private room rental has lost a lot of its importance. The Millstätter See has drinking water quality again. For some years now, the focus has been on gentle, nature-related tourism. The leading tourist business is the Bio-Hotel Alpenrose, which has been running a "biologically oriented" hotel since 1964.
The Mayor of Obermillstatt
Between 1889 and 1973, for over 84 years, Obermillstatt was an independent municipality. The first Obermillstätter mayor from 1889 to 1893 was Hofer Jakob vulgo Leonhard. He was followed by Josef Sixt from Obermillstatt No. 17 (1893–1928), Michael Moser commonly known as Hansbauer from Obermillstatt (1928, 2 months), Franz Hohengasser commonly known as Tomenjockl in Hohengaß (1928–1930), and Michael Moser commonly known as Hansbauer in Obermillstatt (1930– 1933), Johann Moser commonly known as Weixler in Tschierweg (1933–1937), Stefan Schmölzer commonly known as Tscherfler in Grantsch (1937–1938) and Johann Moser commonly known as Weixler in Tschierweg (1938). He was removed from office after 3 months for incredibly abusive attacks against the Patriotic Front . He was followed by Friedrich Burgstaller, commonly known as Burgstaller, in Laubendorf (1938–1942), Johann Lackenbucher, commonly known as Dietrich in Sappl (1942–1945), Stefan Schmölzer, commonly known as Tscherfler in Grantsch (1945–1946), and Josef Klinar, commonly known as Sappler in Laubendorf (1946–1957) , Jakob Brugger vulgo Türk in Lammersdorf (1957, 7 months), Franz Seiser from Dellach No. 20 (1957–1968), Jakob Leinthaler, Lammersdorf (1968 - for the amalgamation of the municipalities with Millstatt on January 1, 1973). They were party members of the Christian Social Party or its successor party, the Austrian People's Party and the NSDAP.
Parish St. Johann Baptist in Obermillstatt
About 1205 the Plebs sancti Johannis (parish of St. John ) is mentioned. Due to its proximity to the Millstatt Church, Obermillstatt was not an independent parish for a long time and was therefore referred to as a house of worship or church . In addition, Obermillstatt is also mentioned in another context. In 1463 a lay brotherhood was founded in Millstatt, which also had members in Obermillstatt. The statutes say: "If a miserable person dies from the parish, a spiritual office should be read for him in Millstatt or at St. Johann (Obermillstatt)." In 1614, the Obermillstätter church was renovated by order of the authorities. In 1669 the church is still listed as one of the many Millstatt branch churches of St. Salvator , which was still the case in 1781. Other Millstatt branches were Starfach , Münichsberg (Insberg) , Lengholz , Obergottesfeld , Penk , Plinz (Platz) and Puch (Oberpuch).
It has been handed down from 1780 that a service was celebrated in Obermillstatt almost every four days, weather blessing masses, weddings, funerals and the Corpus Christi procession also took place. Only in the course of the Josephine parish regulation did the parish elevation take place. In 1782 the diocese of Gurk first plans to build its own parish with its own pastor and a chaplain at the “Zuerkirche Obermillstatt” because “the mountainous community has over 600 souls and is far more than an hour away from the mother church; In addition, the branch church already exists and has its own sacred space (presumably it existed as a separate parish earlier). Then a chaplain to Millstatt could be saved and translated here with some collegiate masses ”. In April 1783, the parishioners repeatedly asked for their own clergy to be appointed, but this was delayed until 1787. Only then was this first chaplain, Martin Mayr von Millstatt, “transferred” to the “ local ” Obermillstatt, with a salary of 200 guilders (florins), to which 100 florins from the religious fund was contributed. The separation of Millstatt was initiated as early as 1773, and in 1783 the church property was separated from that of Penk . For the construction of the rectory, 900 florins were approved on July 23, 1787, whereby it was said that this “parish and curate site” would be built well, large and spacious. Delays then resulted from the discontinuation of all church and parsonage buildings in Austria in 1788, which could only be resumed when a new religion fund began its work in 1789. On 25th Hornung 1839, the bailiff announced in Millstatt that some construction work was necessary at the rectory in Obermillstatt, which would be auctioned off to the best bidder. The books of the parish curator Franz Wohlgemuth were also auctioned when he died in 1842. Primary school lessons were held in the rectory until 1880. In 1890 Franz Haßlacher was appointed curator of Obermillstatt and received a solemn reception. The first pastor was Josef Groß in 1897, previously pastor of Treffling .
Parish church
The current listed church is a simple one-nave building from the 17th century and has a rectangular choir covered with ribbed vaults . The flat-roofed nave was raised and vaulted in 1935 under the long-time pastor Richard Pichler. At the southeast corner there is a massive tower with an extraordinarily large onion helmet with a diameter of 8.5 meters. The current main altar has a sacrificial passage, twisted columns and figures of St. Ignatius of Loyola and Francisco de Xavier from around 1720, as does the ornate pulpit. Above the central picture with the baptism of Christ there is a top picture with the Holy Trinity. Cross-vaulted chapels are built on each long side. The Marian altar in the confessional chapel was built around 1750, where there is a wall niche with the head of John . In the northern chapel there is the plague altar, an early baroque work from 1686, and two pictures with seven helpers each (around 1750). The old, simple, Gothic chalice with the inscription “Johannes Haberler, presbyter ordinis Sancti Georgii professus dedit hunc calicem anno di. 1517 “(Johann Haberler, priest and religious of St. George, donated this chalice in the year of the Lord 1517) is currently exhibited in the Millstatt Abbey Museum.
organ
Up until 1844, a small, single-manual organ without a pedal , a positive one, was in use in Obermillstatt, which was already a hundred years old and sold for 25 guilders to the Parish of Millstatt for the Domitiani Chapel. The organ builder Bartholomäus Herbiger made a mechanical slide organ with 5 manual and 2 pedal registers for 360 fl. From 1843 to 1844 in the guest room of the former “Rainer” inn (later elementary school, currently local museum) . The inauguration took place in 1844 by Reverend Rudolf Gussenbauer. Valentin Ferman was the curate at this time. The First World War not only demanded human sacrifices from the Obermillstätter, but also metal taxes. While the church bells had to be delivered in nearby Matzelsdorf , it was the tin organ pipes in Obermillstatt . On January 28, 1918, the 17 kg heavy prospect pipes were dismantled by order of the K&K Army Administration. Due to the poor economic situation after the First World War ( inflation ), the collection proceeds were only sufficient in 1921 to finance the restoration of the organ by the Salzburg company Mauracher . From October 1922, church bells rang again in the village, as the four new bells, made by the Böhlerwerke, were being raised. After the church renovation in 1936, during which the room height was increased by two meters, the organ builder Alois Fuetsch from Lienz / East Tyrol converted the old mechanical slider organ into a pneumatic organ (op.51) with 9 manual and 1 bass register and placed it in a specially designed attic above the choir room.
In the 1970s, a restoration was canceled on the argument that the instrument could no longer be saved. In 1979 an organ committee was founded under Hermann Stellmann, which carried out a wide variety of donation campaigns. The choir loft was rebuilt in 1980/81 and space was made for a new organ. In 1983 the new organ (total cost 1.1 million ATS ) was inaugurated by the Pirchner company from Steinach am Brenner (veil elements by Josef Huber / Millstatt, marbling and gilding by Campidell / Feistritz ad Drau). The Pirchner organ with 862 pipes is designed as a mechanical slider-drawer organ with 14 baroque registers, which are distributed over 2 manuals and the pedal. The paddocks were mechanical, the original upper work was equipped with a swell and a tremulant. In 2006 the organ was comprehensively refurbished by organ builder Lenter from Sachsenheim (Germany).
Population and economy
| Courtyards, houses and residents from 1470 to 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1470 | 1520 | 1599 | 1817 | 1857 | 1869 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1923 | 1934 | 1939 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2014 | 2015 | 2017 | |
| Courtyards / houses | 20th | 29 | 33 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 44 | 40 | 45 | 47 | 52 | 57 | 55 | 69 | 97 | 140 | 161 | 184 | 196 | ||||
| Residents | 228 | 238 | 245 | 238 | 238 | 270 | 303 | 245 | 264 | 257 | 348 | 365 | 434 | 521 | 541 | 492 | 534 | 560 | 574 | 573 | |||
| Inhabitants per house | 6th | 6th | 6th | 5 | 6th | 6th | 6th | 5 | 5 | 6th | 5 | 4th | 4th | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
From the 15th to the 19th century the number of farms increased steadily. The number of houses has multiplied since the second half of the 20th century. Up until the 1950s, around six family members lived in the house ( servants were not included in the historical statistics). Today there are only around three. The living conditions for peasant children who did not inherit the farm were rather poor until after the Second World War. Those who did not want to spend their life as a penniless servant or maid chose labor migration. There are also emigrants from Obermillstatt to the United States , Australia and above all to Switzerland and Germany.
Like the surrounding settlements, the place with 574 inhabitants is changing from a rural recreational village to a scattered settlement. The former fields in the west of the village are already heavily built up. The leading tourist business is the Bio-Hotel Alpenrose of the Obweger-Theuermann family, which has been running a "biologically oriented" hotel since 1964. At the time of mass tourism on Lake Millstatt, in the late 1960s and especially in the 1970s, private room rental was flourishing. Due to the changed travel behavior of the predominantly German summer guests, the offer has meanwhile been significantly reduced. Private rooms are only offered occasionally. Only one guest house is available to guests in the village. In total there are around eight mostly small commercial enterprises and several full-time and part-time farmers. There had been a retail store in town since the 1950s, which had to close a few years ago. Classic craft businesses such as carpentry, cobbler or carpenters no longer exist. Since the working population commutes due to the lack of local businesses and practically every family has at least one car, people usually shop in Spittal an der Drau or on the way in Millstatt or Seeboden. One of the most important employers since 1907 has been the Magnesitwerk RHI AG in Radenthein, 13 km away. Their magnesite deposit is located on the far side of the Millstätter Alpe in the area of the cadastral municipality of Obermillstatt. The older students mostly attend the secondary school in Seeboden or the grammar school in Spittal. As elsewhere in rural regions, young people with a higher level of education do not return from their study locations, mostly Vienna or Graz, due to a lack of employment opportunities.
Primary school Obermillstatt
While in Germany already Frederick William I in 1717 an edict issued for compulsory education, was made the legal regulation folk compulsory education in Austria until 1840. The Obermillstätter school has apparently already previously existed, because in 1839 passed a school teacher by the name of Anton Schwitzer. His students were the first in Obermillstatt to learn to read and write. Schwitzer was in school Meßner and organist to Obermillstatt in deaneries Gmünd , which he from the basic rule, the kk Study Fund domination Millstatt 130 fl annually. CM, along with some still not quite insignificant emoluments received (compensation). The primary school was housed in the rectory until the end of 1880. In 1881, education was not yet a matter of course, but dependent on the will of the rulers. As the Klagenfurter Zeitung reports, his Majesty the Emperor deigned to donate 300 florins [Gulden] [..] to the local school council of Obermillstatt for the school building. The school was able to move to the "Gasthof Rainer", built in 1850, where it was housed for almost 100 years.
The primary school was initially run in two classes. The first senior teacher, Johann Simoner, was also an organist and sacristan. From the state (the domain) he received 136 crowns and 1/2 fathoms (equivalent to 1.5 m³) of firewood for his work . He received grain from the farmers for work in the church. The school year started at Easter around 1900. From 1892 a school library, a school garden with a tree nursery and a vegetable garden for agricultural lessons were created. During the probationary period, junior teachers were junior teachers, then teachers and later senior teachers. If a teacher got married, she had to give up the job. Members of the local school council were allowed to attend classes at any time. In 1893 the Obermillstatt headmaster was called Johann Piron. In January he reported about an earthquake and quoted villagers: At first it was roaring and then it was rumbling, but not for long. Pictures hung crooked. With the new school there was from 1893 with the first school doctor Dr. Salomon Porges, first city doctor in Gmünd then district doctor in Spittal, a first systematic examination of all Obermillstatt students. In general, the farmer's children had a lot of absenteeism from school, although there was a summer break and autumn break as child labor was common in agriculture. During the First World War the teaching deteriorated. Since many teachers had to call in, the senior teacher Leitsberger also looked after the elementary school in Döbriach every other day. In February 1920 the electric light came into the school house. From the school year 1929/30 a third class will be run. The school year started in 1931/32 on All Saints' Day. From 1977, a new VS Obermillstatt was built on the site of the old RAD camp and later children's camp. Between 1988 and 1990 the Obermillstatt - Millstatt Local History Museum was set up in the old school .
Due to the stagnating number of pupils, there were only two classes in both schools and in view of the debts of the community, consideration was given to merging the two school locations Millstatt and Obermillstatt since 2014. Because of the beautiful and spacious location, Obermillstatt was chosen, especially since structural changes in Millstatt are more difficult due to the listed building. It is planned that an education center with elementary school, kindergarten and afternoon care will be built in Obermillstatt. Since the state's funding approval came surprisingly quickly, the students will initially be housed in the Millstatt building until the renovation work is completed in autumn 2018.
Raiffeisenkasse Obermillstatt
Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen's idea of founding peasant cooperatives to grant loans was implemented in Germany from the 1860s. From 1890, the first savings and loan associations were formed in Carinthia. On April 16, 1895, the Raiffeisenkasse Obermillstatt was founded as the "savings and loan association of the municipality of Obermillstatt". The Association of Carinthian Savings and Loan Banks Associations based on the Raiffeisen system was established for one year . The first chairman was the former mayor Jakob Hofer vlg. Leonhard. He and the other members were active farmers (owners) or old farmers ( migrants ). At the end of 1895 there were 57 members, at the end of 1896 there were 73. The turnover was around 79,000 guilders . At the Millstatt cattle market, a cow cost around 145 guilders. Savings were taken from everyone. Loans were only available in the form of guarantors, securities or mortgages. For decades, the Kassenverein, which became a full bank in the 1970s, was almost exclusively agricultural. The bank was rented in various houses. In 1974 a newly built bank building was opened at the old elementary school. In 1981 the merger with Raiffeisenkasse Millstatt took place. The branch was closed in 2017.
Village community
In the former parish hall there is next to a library a large hall for events and rehearsals of the local associations.
The volunteer fire brigade was founded in Obermillstatt together with Sappl-Matzelsdorf in 1890. Laubendorf followed in 1892 and Lammersdorf in 1907.
The traditional KuK club in Obermillstatt, formerly also a war club , was founded in 1908. As a result of a petition addressed to Emperor Franz Joseph , the Obermillstätter received uniforms from the inventory of the emperor's bodyguard at Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna . After the two world wars, the focus was on commemorating the fallen, which is why the non-armed association was also referred to as a warrior association . For the time being, the focus is on maintaining tradition.
The MGV Obermillstatt is a men's choir. In 1948 the men of the Obermillstatt church choir got together with some boys to form a group of singers; The association was officially founded in 1949. The Obermillstatt Mixed Choir was created in 1963/64 from the Obermillstatt church choir. In addition, the Millstätterberg youth band has been active in Obermillstatt since 1985 .
The Obermillstatt sports club was founded in 1969. The soccer section was soon playing in the minor league. The sporting development was interrupted for years from 1993 onwards, because the property on which the soccer field was located did not belong to the club. Since the OSV was able to acquire the sports field, one hopes to build on earlier successes with the newly established youth team.
In the Heimat- und Tourismusmuseum Millstatt - Obermillstatt in the former elementary school Obermillstatt, over 500 exhibits, pictures and documents give an insight into the development of tourism, trade and customs in the region. The Perchtengruppe Obermillstatt, founded in 1996, is dedicated to the maintenance of customs. The 21 active and 29 supporting members organize a Perchten run every year .
Say
- The pagan woman in Obermillstatt. When there were still hadic women in the area, the Brentner farmer, who is not far from the Obermillstätter church, had confidential intercourse with such a pagan woman. Once they were overheard, whereupon the Hadische left the house and never came back. On leaving she blessed the house with the words: “Brentner rich and never poor!” Since then, happiness has never left this farmer.
literature
- Market community Millstatt (Ed.): Bernd Oberhuber, Hans G. Kugler: Courtyards, houses, domesticity. Civil and rural housing in Millstatt am See. 1994, DNB 945288662 . (including a short description + photo of some Obermillstätter Höfe)
- Karl Dinklage: The history of the Millstatt market. In: Marktgemeinde Millstatt (ed.); Matthias Maierbrugger : The story of Millstatt. Verlag Ferd. Kleinmayr, Klagenfurt 1964.
- Friedrich Koller: From the first guest to mass tourism. The influence of tourism on the change of people, the townscape and the ecology in a community using the example of Millstatt. ( Memento from May 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Diploma thesis. University of Klagenfurt 2005.
Johann Reinhard Bünker: The farmhouse on Lake Millstatt in Carinthia. from the "Mittheilungen der Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien", Vienna, 1902, (category with associated images on Commons )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
- ↑ Alexander Glinz (Tmvm77): Obermillstatt environment, DJI-S800 on air. Vimeo , October 2013, accessed February 11, 2018 .
- ↑ Found by the gravedigger Alois Auer vlg. Messner 1994. Axel Huber : Obermillstatt: ceramics of the Laugen-Melaun type. In: Carinthia I. 190th year, 2000, pp. 470–471.
- ^ Eberhard Kranzmayer : Place name book of Carinthia . Part II, 1958, p. 178.
- ↑ Pölland from the slow. poljána , the flat land , i.e. the Obermillstätter plateau. Kranzmayer, Place Name Book, Part II, p. 38.
- ^ Wilhelm Wadl: Manorial rule and subjects in Millstatt. Millstatt 1982 (Symposium on the history of Millstatt and Carinthia 1982. Ed. By Franz Nikolasch)
- ↑ Erika Weinzierl-Fischer : History of the Benedictine monastery Millstatt in Carinthia. tape 33 . Archive for patriotic history and topography., Klagenfurt 1951, p. 92 (161 pp.).
- ^ Eberhard Kranzmayer: Place name book of Carinthia . Part II, 1958, p. 52.
- ^ Eberhard Kranzmayer: Place name book of Carinthia . Part II, 1958, p. 156 f.
- ↑ Erika Weinzierl-Fischer: History of the Benedictine monastery Millstatt in Carinthia. 1951, p. 25 .
- ↑ Information board in the church. 2006.
- ↑ Compilation by Erika Weinzierl-Fischer: History of the Benedictine monastery Millstatt in Carinthia. 1951, p. 72 ff .
- ^ Weinzierl-Fischer: Benedictine monastery Millstatt. P. 86.
- ^ Viticulture in Carinthia. In: Klagenfurter Zeitung , December 21, 1860, p. 1 (online at ANNO ).
- ^ Gottlieb von Ankershofen , Karlman Tangl: Handbook of the history of the duchy of Carinthia: From the union with the Austrian principalities up to the most recent times; History of Carinthia from the union with the Austrian principalities to their division, Volume 2. J. Leon'schen Buchhandlung, 1843, p. 582 ( full text in Google Book Search).
- ↑ Franziszeischer Cadastre (1822–1828). Office of the Carinthian Provincial Government , accessed on March 8, 2018 (search: Obermillstatt).
- ↑ a b Friedrich Koller: From the first guest to mass tourism. The influence of tourism on the change of people, the townscape and the ecology in a community using the example of Millstatt. ( Memento from May 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Diploma thesis, University of Klagenfurt, 2005.
- ↑ Entry from September 8, 1888, quoted in Koller, Vom Erste Gast zum Massentourismus , 2005.
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. aus_spittal.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Franz Türk, Wolfgang Kury, Othmar Schmölzer: Radenthein. A chronicle in 2 parts . Ed .: City of Radenthein. Carinthia, Klagenfurt 1996, ISBN 3-85378-460-7 , p. 473 .
- ↑ Legal information system of the Republic of Austria : Law of June 29, 1972 on the reorganization of the municipal structure in Carinthia (Carinthian Municipal Structure Improvement Act) StF: LGBl No. 63/1972 , accessed on November 11, 2018.
- ↑ See Oberhuber / Kugler, Höfe, Häuser, Häuslichkeit , 1994, p. 15 ff.
- ↑ Hans Pichler: The house and farm names of the court district Millstatt in Upper Carinthia. Diss., Vienna 1960, p. 204 f .
- ↑ a b Gasthaus -reality sale .. In: Neuigkeits-Welt-Blatt , January 19, 1877, p. 8 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ File: Obermillstatt Materl Alois Oberzaucher vlg Ranner 1897a.jpg , accessed on February 20, 2018.
- ↑ Drowned .. In: Lavantthaler Bote / Unterkärntnerische Nachrichten (formerly Lavanttaler Bote) / Unterkärntner Nachrichten (formerly Lavanttaler Bote) , August 10, 1889, p. 3 (online at ANNO ).
- ^ Mange .. In: Wiener Zeitung , June 25, 1919, p. 11 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Der Volkswirt. In: Grazer Volksblatt , October 16, 1902, p. 9 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Carinthia. Foot and mouth disease. In: Wiener Zeitung , November 3, 1911, p. 7 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Rotlauf (Erysipelas suum). In: Wiener Zeitung , July 10, 1927, p. 6 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Cockchafer plague in Carinthia. In: Das Vaterland , September 3, 1905, p. 4 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Ulfried Burz: From the fight for the Germans to the fight for the leader. The National Socialist Movement in Carinthia 1918–1933. Diss. Univ. Klagenfurt, 1995, p. 151 ( online in the Google book search), accessed on March 13, 2018.
- ↑ The unemployed in Spittal join the fight. In: The wake-up call / The social revolution / Die Rote Fahne , January 21, 1933, p. 2 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Post commander Rev.-Insp. Forstnig: Report by the Millstatt Gendarmerie Post Command on the "Nazi occupation policy in Austria". Millstatt 1946. DÖW , act no. 8351. In: Kurt Bauer : Illegal National Socialism in Carinthia. Excerpts from unpublished manuscripts for the Red-White-Red Book. At www.kurt-bauer-geschichte.at (PDF; 120 kB), accessed on October 10, 2018.
- ↑ Norbert Regitnig-Tillian: The roots of the Hitler cult in Austria: Were Austrians the more radical Nazis? In: Profil, May 9, 2009, accessed on March 22, 2011 at profil.at .
- ↑ Cf. from the political events of the years 1930–1950. In: Maierbrugger, The story of Millstatt , 1964, pp. 395–405.
- ^ Kurt Bauer, Illegal National Socialism in Carinthia.
- ↑ Court Hall . The demolition of the Lieserbrücke in Seebach .. In: Kleine Volks-Zeitung , July 7, 1934, p. 10 (online at ANNO ).
- ^ The storm troops in Carinthia .. In: Salzburger Chronik für Stadt und Land / Salzburger Chronik / Salzburger Chronik. Tagblatt with the illustrated supplement “Die Woche im Bild” / Die Woche im Bild. Illustrated entertainment supplement to the “Salzburger Chronik” / Salzburger Chronik. Daily newspaper with the illustrated supplement “Oesterreichische / Österreichische Woche” / Österreichische Woche / Salzburger Zeitung. Tagblatt with the illustrated supplement “Austrian Week” / Salzburger Zeitung , July 31, 1934, p. 2 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Details from Friedrich Koller, From the first guest to mass tourism.
- ^ Kurt Bauer: Research project The Austrian detention camps 1933–1938 . www.kurt-bauer-geschichte.at, accessed on February 17, 2018 .
- ^ Matthias Maierbrugger: History of Millstatt. P. 377.
- ↑ Erich Köhler: The erection of this monument was decided by the local council of Obermillstatt on July 24, 1937 during the period of Austrofascism (1934–1938). (Context table for the monument). (PDF) November 12, 2018, accessed November 4, 2018 .
- ↑ Own news service .: Car crashes forty meters. In: Kleine Volks-Zeitung , July 7, 1934, p. 10 (online at ANNO ).
- ^ Demonstration of the Carinthian Loyalty. In: Salzburger Chronik für Stadt und Land / Salzburger Chronik / Salzburger Chronik. Tagblatt with the illustrated supplement “Die Woche im Bild” / Die Woche im Bild. Illustrated entertainment supplement to the “Salzburger Chronik” / Salzburger Chronik. Daily newspaper with the illustrated supplement “Oesterreichische / Österreichische Woche” / Österreichische Woche / Salzburger Zeitung. Tagblatt with the illustrated supplement “Austrian Week” / Salzburger Zeitung , March 1, 1938, p. 3 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Carinthian regional government welcomes connection .. In: Alpenländische Rundschau. Non-political weekly for the entire Alpine countries / Alpenländische Rundschau , March 19, 1938, p. 14 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Hans Haider: Carinthian Jews. Humiliated - Persecuted - Displaced - Murdered. (PDF) Retrieved March 13, 2018 (pp. 10, 14, 18).
- ↑ Notice. Discharge 1938. Call for position .. In: Alpenländische Rundschau. Non-political weekly for the entire Alpine countries / Alpenländische Rundschau , July 30, 1938, p. 11 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ In the south of the empire. This is my Carinthia !. In: Der Landbote , April 29, 1939, p. 32 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Successful web course .. In: Alpenländische Rundschau. Non-political weekly for the entire Alpine countries / Alpenländische Rundschau , March 11, 1944, p. Second column, above (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Successful web course .. In: Alpenländische Rundschau. Non-political weekly for the entire Alpine countries / Alpenländische Rundschau , January 3, 1942, p. First column, below (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Millstatt. Various .. In: Alpenländische Rundschau. Non-political weekly for the entire Alpine countries / Alpenländische Rundschau , February 25, 1939, p. Third column, below (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Successful web course .. In: Alpenländische Rundschau. Non-political weekly for the entire Alpine countries / Alpenländische Rundschau , February 6, 1943, p. Third column, below (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Nadja Danglmaier, Nadja Danglmaier, Werner Koroschitz: National Socialism in Carinthia: victims. Perpetrator. Opponent. StudienVerlag, Innsbruck 2015, ISBN 978-3-7065-5244-8 ( full text in the Google book search).
- ^ Eleven Reichsarbeitsdienstlager in Carinthia. In: Kleine Volks-Zeitung , June 17, 1938, p. 12 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Upper Carinthia. Arriach .. In: Alpenländische Rundschau. Non-political weekly for the entire Alpine countries / Alpenländische Rundschau , June 1, 1940, p. Second column below (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Upper Carinthia. Millstatt .. In: Alpenländische Rundschau. Non-political weekly for the entire Alpine countries / Alpenländische Rundschau , June 1, 1940, p. Fourth column top right (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Visit of the Deputy Gauleiters Thimel .. In: Alpenländische Rundschau. Non-political weekly for the entire Alpine countries / Alpenländische Rundschau , August 12, 1944, p. Third column, below (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Millstatt. Closed and joined the SA. In: Alpenländische Rundschau. Non-political weekly for the entire Alpine countries / Alpenländische Rundschau , August 26, 1944, p. Second column, below (online at ANNO ).
- ^ Matthias Maierbrugger: History of Millstatt. 1964, p. 411.
- ^ The incidents in the Carinthian Chamber of Agriculture. In: Salzburger Chronik für Stadt und Land / Salzburger Chronik / Salzburger Chronik. Tagblatt with the illustrated supplement “Die Woche im Bild” / Die Woche im Bild. Illustrated entertainment supplement to the “Salzburger Chronik” / Salzburger Chronik. Daily newspaper with the illustrated supplement “Oesterreichische / Österreichische Woche” / Österreichische Woche / Salzburger Zeitung. Tagblatt with the illustrated supplement “Austrian Week” / Salzburger Zeitung , September 30, 1937, p. 7 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ See information board in the church. 2006.
- ^ Announcement. In: Klagenfurter Zeitung , March 10, 1839, p. 9 (online at ANNO ).
- ^ Book auction. In: Klagenfurter Zeitung , November 13, 1842, p. 6 (online at ANNO ).
- ^ From Carinthia. In: Neuigkeits-Welt-Blatt , August 7, 1890, p. 2 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Personal-Nachrichten. In: Neuigkeits-Welt-Blatt , October 30, 1897, p. 15 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ List of listed objects in Millstatt am See
- ^ Parish Obermillstatt / RO: History of the organs in the parish church of Obermillstatt. Diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt , accessed on February 17, 2018 .
- ^ Austrian Academy of Sciences : Historical Ortlexikon. Statistical documentation on population and settlement history. CARINTHIA. (PDF) www.oeaw.ac.at, August 31, 2016, accessed on February 11, 2018 .
- ↑ 2017 Statistics Austria : Population on January 1, 2017 by locality, territorial status January 1, 2017. January 2017, accessed on March 19, 2018 (residents without second homes.).
- ↑ Biohotel Alpenrose
- ^ Concurs announcement. In: Klagenfurter Zeitung , June 2, 1839, p. 8 (online at ANNO ).
- ^ Chronicle of the Obermillstatt elementary school , exhibited in the Millstatt Local History Museum - Obermillstatt
- ↑ Small Chronicle. In: Wiener Zeitung , March 31, 1881, p. 23 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ The earthquake of January 29, 1893. Headmaster Mr. Johann Piron reports from Obermillstatt. In: Carinthia II. Mitt (h) eilungen / annual report of the Natural History State Museum for Carinthia , year 1893, p. 44 (online at ANNO ). Also as a PDF on ZOBODAT .
- ^ Family tree of Salomon Porges. Retrieved February 17, 2018 .
- ↑ Helmut Stöflin: Millstatt. An elementary school in the municipality is closed. Kleine Zeitung , December 17, 2016, accessed on February 22, 2018 .
- ↑ Martina Pirker: Millstatt After only five months, the school is moving back. Kleine Zeitung , January 20, 2018, accessed February 22, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Economics, Trade and Transport. To all savings and loan associations. In: Free Voices. German Kärntner Landes-Zeitung / Free votes. Southern German-Alpine daily newspaper. Deutsche Kärntner Landeszeitung , December 8, 1900, p. 5 (online at ANNO ).
- ^ Raiffeisenbank Millstättersee: Obermillstatt branch. Our history. ( Memento from July 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Obermillstatt, March 5 (Raiffeisencasse). In: Free Voices. German Kärntner Landes-Zeitung / Free votes. Southern German-Alpine daily newspaper. Deutsche Kärntner Landeszeitung , March 9, 1897, p. 2 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Millstatt, March 16. (Cattle market). In: Free Voices. German Kärntner Landes-Zeitung / Free votes. Southern German-Alpine daily newspaper. Deutsche Kärntner Landeszeitung , March 24, 1896, p. 5 (online at ANNO ).
- ^ MGV Obermillstatt Choir Chronicle , accessed on February 17, 2018.
- ↑ Obermillstatt Sports Club
- ↑ Millstatt Local History Museum - Obermillstatt
- ^ The pagan woman in Obermillstatt. In: Wilhelm Kuehs: The Saligen. Legends from Carinthia. Volume 1, Verlag Hermagoras, Klagenfurt 2006, ISBN 3-7086-0059-2 , p. 184.
