Sappl
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Sappl ( village ) locality |
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| Basic data | |||
| Pole. District , state | Spittal an der Drau (SP), Carinthia | ||
| Judicial district | Spittal an der Drau | ||
| Pole. local community | Millstatt am See ( KG Matzelsdorf ) | ||
| Coordinates | 46 ° 47 '33 " N , 13 ° 37' 22" E | ||
| height | 840 m above sea level A. | ||
| Residents of the village | 271 (January 1, 2020) | ||
| Building status | 81 (2001) | ||
| Post Code | 9872 Millstatt | ||
| Statistical identification | |||
| Locality code | 02070 | ||
| Counting district / district | Obermillstatt (20620 001) | ||
 Sappl to the south. In the background the Millstätter See |
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| Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; KAGIS | |||
Sappl is a village on Millstätter Berg in the municipality of Millstatt in the Spittal an der Drau district in Carinthia . The village is located at approx. 840 m above sea level. A. on a high plateau around 150 m above the Millstätter See at the foot of the Millstätter Alpe / Nockberge and can be reached via the B 98 from Dellach or via Obermillstatt (L 17) (distance to the Tauern Autobahn A 10 / Spittal-Millstätter See junction 12 km ). Immediately neighboring places are Matzelsdorf , Lammersdorf and Dellach. From 1889 to 1973 Sappl belonged to the municipality of Obermillstatt.
Location and economy
Like the surrounding settlements, the place, last with 269 inhabitants, is still a rural recreation village. In addition to a few accommodation providers, there are five full-time farmers and a riding stables. There are no longer restaurants in Sappl, only in neighboring Matzelsdorf. The Sapplbach or Mühlbach flows through the village and drains into Lake Millstatt. The local area is divided between the cadastral communities Obermillstatt and Matzelsdorf. The church and cemetery are in Matzelsdorf.
The connection to local public transport takes place via the Postbus , which drives to the place several times a day on its route from Spittal. There are no street names in the village, only house numbers that residents, postmen, vendors and visitors have to orientate themselves by.
climate
Carinthia is located in the temperate climate zone of Central Europe, with the main Alpine ridge being a clear weather divide . The climate is strongly modified by the location to the south, by the relief and other local conditions, so that the climate is structured very small-scale. The precipitation follows the Central European pattern with Niederschlagsminima in winter and peaks in the summer. The precipitation in summer often takes place in heavy rain, especially thunderstorms . Its basin location, which is open to the south, and protection against north winds lead to more hours of sunshine on Millstätter Berg than elsewhere in Upper Carinthia.
history
The flint blade from Sappl
In the spring of 1948 a farm worker found a farm about a kilometer west of Sappl on the property of the farmer Alois Palle vlg during excavation work for the drainage of the Riedmoos . Veidlbauer developed a specially shaped stone blade that he initially used as a letter opener . This became known to the amateur archaeologist Simon Steinwender, high school director in Spittal an der Drau , who sensed the importance of the find and sent it to the Prehistoric Institute of the University of Vienna for professional assessment . The 11 cm long, slightly curved, particularly beautiful flintstone blade ( flint ) was a small sensation, as this type has not yet been found in Carinthia. Since the location and depth of the find were still known exactly - it is almost impossible to determine the age of stone finds without additional finds - the site could be examined in detail using pollen analysis . Typologically, the excellently struck blade made of brownish-gray flint cannot be classified. This Stone Age knife is, "even after careful interpretation, with at least 4,500 years BC. Dated ". Since a settlement is unlikely in the moor, the blade was probably washed away from a higher point. Possible Stone Age settlements were searched based on the site. Two of the glacial peaks typical of the area are not far away. The Sauterbichl, which rises from the site of the find, would be the closest possible settlement. As the pollen analysis showed, the terraced to the vlg. Keuschpeter has cultivated the rising fields for around 5,000 years. The summit south of Görtschach is relatively flat and difficult to fortify. While no settlement remains were to be found on these knolls, they were found about one and a half kilometers further west. At the beginning of the 1950s, the oldest traces of Upper Carinthia's settlement were excavated at the “Mentepichel” or “Schanzkogel” near Lammersdorf. The Neolithic settlement is between 3,000 and 1900 BC. Dated.
Middle Ages and Modern Times
From the time of the Roman provincial culture there are no finds from Sappl to date. Due to the topographical location, one can assume a small settlement, as the place is on the old Roman road between Turrach and Teurnia on a stream. The earliest medieval finds date from the time between 500 and 1000 AD. Not far from today's highway, graves of the " Karantan type", characterized by the use of monochrome enamel jewelry (brooches, earrings), mostly with depictions of animals, were found. Sappl was first mentioned in a document as villa Saepl in 1286. The rare place name probably goes back to the Old High German personal name Segi (n) palt . There is only a similar name with the single-layer Sämpel (pronounced Sanpe ) at Rennweg . An old spelling was Säpl . Until the post-war years, Sappel or Sapl were also occasionally written.
The oldest farmyard is believed to be the Stegg- or Stöggbauer, today Steggaber, a farm that is protected from flooding on a hill above the village. The associated mill and a saw were further down from the village. The wooden building, which was completely burned down in 1913, was replaced by a stone building. Not far from there was a lower bar that had also burned down but was no longer built. When in the first surviving court register from 1470 there is talk of a Gotfrid, Fischer, dint from aim lehen zu Stegka and a Cristian zu Stegka, dint from ainer huben ... but idem ainem lehen , these farms are probably meant. The land register of the Knights of St George has seven strokes, seven fiefs, a Schwaige and a field for Sappl. Since the list shows practically all of the Sappler farms, the entire village is likely to have been the founding property of the Millstatt Monastery. From 1598 to 1773 the place was part of the Millstatt Jesuit rule . This inventory survey, carried out over 530 years ago, is almost exactly the same for the larger courtyards, the Huben, to this day. The larger farmers are or were Ambros, Dietrich, Hofer, Kasperle, Palle, Samer, Stöggaber and Veitel. The fiefdoms will probably include the farms of Linder, Keuschler, Moser and Roggenig. The Schwaige is the Leitsberghof. The oldest existing building could be the "Hofer" a Paarhof with pillar barn and saw, which was built around 450 years ago. From 1788, as a result of the introduction of compulsory schooling by Maria Theresia in the Obermillstatt rectory, the first elementary school on Millstätter Berg (duration at that time: 6 years). According to the "Chronicle of the Obermillstatt School House", there was supposed to have been a kind of (agricultural) winter school at the Hofer 110 years earlier, around 1678.
| Courtyards, houses and residents from 1470 to 2001 | ||||||||||
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| 1470 | 1817 | 1857 | 1869 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | |
| Courtyards / houses | 15th | 13 | 13 | 13 | 23 | 39 | 60 | 64 | 74 | 81 |
| Residents | 107 | 96 | 107 | 152 | 161 | 184 | 167 | 183 | 269 | |
| Inhabitants per house | 8th | 7th | 8th | 7th | 4th | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
From the 15th to the 19th century the number of farms did not increase, but actually decreased slightly. Smaller farms probably merged into larger ones. The highest courtyard on the Leitsberg at 1,174 m above sea level seems to have been inhabited continuously, as it was given the house number 1 when it was introduced in 1770. The number of houses has multiplied since the second half of the 20th century. Up until the 1950s, around eight family members lived in the house ( servants were not included in the historical statistics). Today there are only around three.
World wars
Although the place never suffered direct combat operations during the world wars, the war memorials in Obermillstatt show that every family had to lament dead soldiers. In the early 1920s there were victims of the Spanish flu . Contemporary witnesses still report the devaluation of money after the First World War , the global economic crisis from 1929, rising unemployment and the emergence of National Socialism . During the Austrofascism (1933–1938), the dictatorship of the "blacks", National Socialists, Socialists and Communists were persecuted. We still know of young illegal Nazis who put up swastika flags at night on the Sauterbichl northeast of the town . On clear nights, swastika-shaped fires were occasionally burned down on mountain meadows that were visible from afar on the Mirnock , Goldeck or Gmeineck. A Catholic farmer's cart in the neighboring village of Görtschach was once lifted onto the roof of the wooden hut, so that the next day he had great difficulty getting the cart down again. In the mid-1930s the conflict intensified. In order to create a feeling of latent insecurity, the house of political opponents was repeatedly shot from a great distance. From May 1934, there was constant fighting between the formations of the parties and the arrests of supporters of the NSDAP in the area around Lake Millstatt. On the night of June 29, 1934, there was serious damage to property for the first time with stolen explosives from the Radenthein magnesite plant. In order to intimidate political opponents, supporters of the now banned NSDAP blew up the newly built house of the state-owned factory worker Stefan Steurer in Dellach, then part of the Obermillstatt community. That same night, the largest attack to date in Carinthia took place, the large, iron Lieser Bridge near Seebach being blown up, which temporarily cut off the Millstatt lake area from the connection to the railway. The actions were specifically designed to damage domestic foreign traffic. Less than a month later, between July 25 and 30, 1934, there was a large-scale attempt by the Nazis to overthrow Austria. It is assumed that Hitler personally was the initiator. As in all of Carinthia, there was also fighting in Millstatt. On July 27th at four in the morning about fifty heavily armed Nazi putschists came on the street from Radenthein, opened fire and captured the two Millstatt gendarmes and five Schutzkorps men who opposed them. They operated the siren to inform other Nazis who were waiting for the coup and freed the Millstätter and Obermillstätter, who had been imprisoned in the municipal dunghouse since the bomb attacks. At five thirty the first 20 alpine hunters of the federal army came from Spittal, freed gendarmes and Schuko people and drove the putschists into the forests east of the village. However, they did not dare to attack again, although they had meanwhile grown to around 300 people from the surrounding area and the Kirchheimer and region valleys and fled through the forests. A total of one alpine hunter and two home guardians died. The coup was suppressed throughout Austria by July 30th. Around 4,000 National Socialists were tried by military courts, 13 were executed, and many were sent to detention camps. A total of six people from the Obermillstatt community, including Sappler, were deported to the Wöllersdorf detention center in Lower Austria, where they were held for about six months. Richer Nazis, e.g. B. tavern sons fled to the German Empire in Bavaria to the Austrian Legion . The cessation of tourism due to the political struggles of 1933 and 1934 meant that the Millstatt community went bankrupt with all businesses and was placed under compulsory administration by the Klagenfurt mortgage company, whose local executor was Josef Pleikner.
Natural disasters
Around Easter 1975, extreme snowfall with subsequent snowmelt and rain from April 5th to 7th led to heavy flooding. Above Sappl, an approx. 2 hectare shell- shaped blaike arose that threatened four residential and farm buildings and cultural grounds. The enormous amounts of precipitation and the snow melt water, as well as the previous blasting due to the newly built alpine path, had caused the cut steep slope to slide. Extensive meadow areas east of Sappl muddy up , and a residential house and farm building, Sappl No. 4, the Pallehof, one of the oldest houses, were graveled. The " Runse von Sappl" was visible from afar for decades, but is now almost overgrown. The Hoferbachl, a feeder to the right bank of the Sonnenhofbach (Matzeslsdorferbach), like many smaller streams, emerged from the banks and graveled meadows and damaged a residential building.
tourism
As a hiking destination for the first Millstatt tourists, Sappl was already popular in the 1880s. The farmer “Leitsberger”, who belongs to the Stöggaber today, is featured in a travel guide with his “prachtv. View ”from which“ ( Großglockner to see) ”is highlighted. The first overnight summer guests on the mountain were at Ambros and Stöggbauer in the 1920s. At the Ambros one room is still named after the first Viennese host family "Giesel".
A paved road leads from the town center to the Sappler Alm with Ambroshütte (currently not managed), from where hikes to the Matzelsdorfer Alm, the Jufen, the Lammersdorfer Alm or other areas of the Millstätter Alpe are possible.
Besides the tourist businesses there are no employment opportunities. There are no larger commercial enterprises. Until the 1950s, craftsmen such as carpenters or weavers mostly also ran a small farm in addition to their trade. Today the working population commutes to Radenthein or the district capital Spittal an der Drau , and sometimes to Villach or Klagenfurt . The most important industrial employer since 1907 has been the Magnesitwerk ( RHI ) in Radenthein, 10 km away .
The automobile brought about the greatest change in local history . Driving a car was still relatively expensive until the 1970s. Few of the locals owned a car. German tourists came en masse on the narrow, from a tourist point of view "romantic" streets. In the meantime, the Germans are flying further south on vacation. The winding streets have been straightened out, several blocks of flats have been built, and cars have become so cheap that every family owns more than one. Although there have never been so many residents in Sappl, the local supply is still deteriorating. Due to the mobility of the residents, neither the retail business nor the inn could be operated profitably.
Community
Matzelsdorf and Sappl are often closely connected in social life. The oldest association is the Sappl-Matzelsdorf volunteer fire brigade , which was founded in 1890. Ecclesiastically, the place belongs to Matzelsdorf, since 1999 a branch church of Obermillstatt, previously of Döbriach, which in turn was part of the original parish of Molzbichl until 1786 . The church day in Matzelsdorf and Sappl used to be legendary , with the “secular” part taking place in the Gasthof Dietrich. The first inn in town was in the now defunct old Linder house, which was directly on the road to Obermillstatt.
literature
- Fritz Brandtner: The low moor of Sappl, Carinthia. In: Archaeologia Austriaca. Contributions to paleanthropology, prehistory and early history of Austria. Issue 4, Vienna 1949, OCLC 605710495 , pp. 72-86.
- Market community Millstatt (ed.), Bernd Oberhuber, Hans G. Kugler: Courtyards, houses, domesticity. Civil and rural housing in Millstatt am See. Millstatt 1994, DNB 945288662 .
Web links
- Market town of Millstatt
- Diocese of Gurk zu Matzelsdorf / branch church of the parish Obermillstatt
- Local history museum Obermillstatt
Individual evidence
- ↑ 2001 census (PDF; 8 kB)
- ↑ Postbus timetable information
- ↑ The blade was exhibited in the Abbey Museum in Millstatt for many years , but is currently not accessible.
- ^ Fritz Brandtner: The low moor of Sappl, Carinthia. In: Archaeologia Austriaca. Contributions to paleanthropology, prehistory and early history of Austria. Booklet 4, Vienna, 1949, pp. 72–86.
- ^ Brandtner: Lower Moor from Sappl. P. 80.
- ^ Gernot Piccottini (ed.): Archaeological Atlas of Carinthia. Publishing house of the history association for Carinthia, Klagenfurt, 1989.
- ^ Eberhard Kranzmayer : Place name book of Carinthia . Part II, 1958, p. 194 f.
- ^ Urbar von Millstatt 1477. Chmel, Joseph : The manuscripts of the KK Hofbibliothek in Vienna. Vienna, 1840, p. 590 Google Books
- ↑ Quoted from the Obermillstatt parish (ed.): Maria Schnee in Matzelsdorf. Local history study compiled by Hermann Stellmann. Klagenfurt, 2005, p. 15.
- ↑ Cf. Erika Weinzierl-Fischer : History of the Benedictine monastery Millstatt in Carinthia. 1951, p. 86.
- ↑ Description of the farms Ambros, Hofer, Kasperle, Roggenig, Samer, Stöggaber, Veitelbauer see Oberhuber / Kugler: Höfe, Häuser, Häuslichkeit , 1994.
- ↑ Exhibited in the Millstatt Local History Museum - Obermillstatt , September 21, 2012.
- ^ Kurt Klein ( Austrian Academy of Sciences ): Historical Ortlexikon, Carinthia. Data stock: June 30, 2012 ( Memento of the original from March 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 764 kB), p. 83. Explanations of the historical statistics ( memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 115 kB)
- ↑ Koller: From the first guest to mass tourism
- ^ Kurt Bauer: Illegal National Socialism in Carinthia.
- ↑ Details from Friedrich Koller: From the first guest to mass tourism.
- ^ Kurt Bauer: Research project Die Österreichische Anhaltelager 1933-1938 under: [1] , accessed on October 26, 2012.
- ^ Matthias Maierbrugger: History of Millstatt. P. 377.
- ↑ Millstatt danger zone plan
- ^ Fritz Pichler: The Millstätter See and surroundings . Würzburg / Vienna 1887.
