Dellach (municipality of Millstatt am See)
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Dellach am Millstätter See ( scattered settlement ) locality cadastral community Matzelsdorf |
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| Basic data | |||
| Pole. District , state | Spittal an der Drau (SP), Carinthia | ||
| Judicial district | Spittal an der Drau | ||
| Pole. local community | Millstatt am See | ||
| Coordinates | 46 ° 47 '16 " N , 13 ° 36' 52" E | ||
| height | 619 m above sea level A. | ||
| Residents of the village | 185 (January 1, 2020) | ||
| Area d. KG | k. A. Help | ||
| Post Code | 9872 Millstatt | ||
| Statistical identification | |||
| Locality code | 02059 | ||
| Cadastral parish number | 20620 | ||
| Counting district / district | Obermillstatt (20620 001) | ||
 Dellach, east side (on the right in the picture) |
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| Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; KAGIS | |||
Dellach am Millstätter See is a scattered settlement in the municipality of Millstatt in the Spittal an der Drau district in Carinthia / Austria . The village is located at 619 m above sea level on the northern shore of Lake Millstatt at the foot of the Millstätter Alpe / Nockberge . Dellach can be reached via the Millstätter Bundesstrasse B 98 from Millstatt or from Döbriach , as well as via the Landesstrasse (L 17) from Obermillstatt . Places in the immediate vicinity are Pesenthein, Sappl and Döbriach . Dellach is considered to be one of the “cosiest and most beautiful seaside resorts on Lake Millstatt”.
Location and economy
Dellach is located on the north shore of Lake Millstatt, which runs in a north-westerly direction. Therefore, at striking points z. B. in the wide curve of the main road or the curve in the road to Sappl a good view over the lake to the west is possible. Between Dellach and the Laggerhof, Lake Millstatt reaches its greatest width at 1.8 km. The lake lies in a trough valley that was formed in the last glacial period and has a steep bank, especially on the north side. On top of the trough shoulder is the again somewhat flatter Millstätter Berg . Old views can still be seen that until the post-war period the meadows of Sappl and Dellach were connected without forests. Due to a lack of staff and high labor costs in agriculture, this area with sour meadows is no longer cultivated and has been reforested for decades. The local area of Dellach lies in the cadastral community of Matzelsdorf.
Dellach lies on a long alluvial cone of five brooks. Three of them have a larger catchment area that extends to the Sappler and Matzelsdorfer Alm. Connected to the streams is a latent risk of flooding during heavy rain events, but this is less than in the neighboring towns of Pesenthein or Millstatt. In the far west the Görtschacherbach comes from the mountain, for example in the center of the village the Sapplerbach and in the east the Sonnenhofbach from Matzelsdorf .
The Millstätter Bundesstraße B 98 runs through the whole town . In the center of the village, the Obermillstätter Landesstraße (L 17) branches off on the Millstätter Berg to Sappl . The distance to the Tauern Autobahn A 10, to the slip road at the Spittal-Millstätter See junction, is 10.5 km. Dellach is also on the Millstätter See cycle path .
In the absence of local businesses, the majority of the working population commute. Due to tourism there are some guest houses, seasonal restaurants, a campsite and some private accommodation providers. Full-time farmers no longer exist. There are small businesses in the field of installation, heating and cosmetics. The master workshop Anton Possegger, founded in 1994 for the manufacture, trade and repair of brass instruments, has customers at home and abroad. A traditional business is the fisherman breeding & sea fishery Brugger , which has a fish stall u. a. with wild-caught, Reinanken offers.
population
Like the surrounding settlements, the place with its last 194 inhabitants is an originally rural settlement on Lake Millstatt, which developed into a tourist destination in the 20th century and is currently being transformed into a scattered settlement with many second homes . This development is met with criticism, which is why a two-year construction ban (2019/2020) was issued for Dellach. With regard to the time series of the farms and residents of Dellach, it must be noted that until 1973, Starfach was part of Dellach. Only on the occasion of the reunification of the municipality of Obermillstatt with Millstatt did this area come to Döbriach or Radenthein. This area was probably called the Ober- Dellach in ancient times . The village of Niederdellach was only eight kilometers away from the magnesite works in Radenthein . The settlement was still in the 19th century. mentioned as an independent with a larger hammer mill on Kirchheimer Bach and is currently a district of Radenthein. The population is predominantly Roman Catholic , represented here by the parish of St. Salvator and All Saints in Millstatt. The cemeteries are in Millstatt (Kalvarienberg) and Matzelsdorf. The responsible primary school is in Obermillstatt, there are secondary schools in Seeboden and Spittal an der Drau .
| 1470 | 1817 | 1857 | 1869 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1923 | 1934 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2018 | |
| Courtyards / houses / households | 10 | 13 | 13 | 15th | 14th | 19th | 22nd | 27 | 26th | 36 | 32 | 64 | 109 | 125 | 148 | 159 | 182 | |
| Resident (with starting subject) | 77 | 79 | 85 | 82 | 85 | 110 | 138 | 103 | 129 | 184 | 217 | 327 | 311 | 325 | 314 | 349 | ||
| Residents (without starting subject) | 175 | 177 | 194 | |||||||||||||||
| Inhabitants per house | 5.9 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 5.8 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 |
| Sources: Until 2011 Austrian Academy of Sciences : Historisches Ortslexikon Statistical documentation on population and settlement history. CARINTHIA. (PDF) August 31, 2016, p. 86 , accessed October 30, 2018 . ; 2001/2011 municipality data , status 2001 census Statistics Austria 2018 Statistics Austria : population on January 1, 2018 by locality, area status January 1, 2018 (residents without second residences.). January 2018, accessed October 27, 2018 . Starfach has been part of Döbriach, Radenthein municipality, since 1973. |
history
Early history
The place name, mentioned in the earliest form as Doelach , goes back to the Slavic Dôljah . Dellach , more correctly Dölach , means for the valley inhabitants ( dol = valley). As with other places with this name, there is a comparison with a place further up on the mountain, here with Görtschach, which can be translated with the Bichlers .
The place name Dellach, first documented in writing in 1286 , will come from the carantanic period from the 7th century. The older names of the locality from Roman and Celtic times have not been passed down. The earliest traces of settlement are from Roman times. In 1964, when a septic tank was dug for a bathing establishment run by the innkeeper, Brugger, a Roman masonry was cut 10 meters from the lake shore. In addition to the remains of the fire, parts of hollow bricks from a typical Roman hypocaust heater were found . Small finds for a more precise dating were not made. During the construction of the Millstätter See sewerage system in 1973, new Roman masonry with red wall painting decorated with green stripes and two exceptionally well-preserved marble doorsteps were found. Some of these are exhibited in the Millstatt Abbey Museum. The construction site for such a splendid villa was ideal, safe from mudslides and landslides and with an excellent supply of drinking and industrial water through the Dellacher Bach in the immediate vicinity. It is possible that this Roman estate was the site of the first viticulture on Lake Millstatt. Dellach has a vineyard in the land register from 1520.
Traces from the late Hallstatt period , the remains of bronze castings, were found 8 km away in Seeboden near the lake near the former Pension Ploni in 1937. Older finds in the area are the remains of a ceramic jug from the Laugen-Melaun culture from the Late Bronze Age (approx. 13-11 centuries BC) in Obermillstatt. A grave with fragments of an urn and stone axes from the early Urnfield period (around 1,400 BC) also dates from this time, during construction work at the Hotel-Gasthof Lammersdorf (formerly Unterlercher / Fastian ). Finds have seldom been found since the 1960s, as mini excavators are almost exclusively used for excavation work .
The history of the settlement will be significantly older. The area above Dellach has been inhabited for at least 4000 years. The prehistoric sites of Lammersdorf and Sappl - the oldest so far in Upper Carinthia - are only around one and a half kilometers away. Because of the abundance of fish in the lake, the Dellacher Ufer was certainly attractive and relatively easy to reach. A pollen diagram from the deepest area of the lake between Dellach and the Laggerhof shows from about 2200 BC. A pronounced accumulation of bracken and juniper , two distinctive indicators of human clearing of pastures and forest pasture. Based on the pollen analysis, five phases of increasing and decreasing human settlement activity around the lake can be identified. With the beginning of the Roman period, pollen from sweet chestnuts and grain, especially rye , increased again during the migration period. From the 9th century onwards, the Bavarian clearing led to a drastic decline in local forest vegetation.
Jesuit rule & peasant uprising 1737
The dominant manorial rule around the Millstätter See was the Millstatt Abbey . When Dellach was first mentioned in 1274, around this time the Benedictines were the landlords, it was about an interest loan , a farm that was given to a Heinrich von Millstatt . The first real estate transaction recorded in Dellach is the purchase of a farm in 1362. In the land register of 1470, when the rule went to the George Knights , three hubs, six fiefs, one fish fief and two tithes are listed as monastery property in Dellach . Little changed in this structure over the centuries.
1737 was the most turbulent year so far in Dellach's history. Around three hundred farmers and farmhands gathered for All Souls at the former Brugger inn to storm the Millstatt monastery, armed with flails , morning stars , scythes , hoes and sapins . The spokesman for the rebels was the Dellacher farmer Georg Thomas. The peasant uprising, also called Millstätter Handel , was directed against the Millstatt Jesuit rule . The Jesuits interpreted the tax and duty regulations much more strictly than their manorial predecessors, the St. George Knights. They needed money, especially to support their friars in areas affected by the Thirty Years' War and to finance the University of Graz they ran . In the first quarter of the 18th century there were more and more complaints about the Jesuit rule, which was even reflected in a legend ( The Jungfernsprung von Döbriach ). In addition to the tax burden, the persecution of Protestants by the Catholics became more severe . In the neighboring Paternion area alone, around 100 people were deported to Transylvania from 1734 to 1736 accompanied by the military , which triggered a wave of refugees among the Protestants who stayed behind. At that time, more than 20,000 were deported from the Prince Archbishopric of Salzburg . Some expelled "Carinthian Sectarians" came back to their old homeland forbidden again and again, brought banned books with them and "fastened" their "theirs in error by so many more".
Against this historical background, there were already major gatherings in 1734/35 at the popular cattle and fair on the Maitratten near Gnesau , known as the "First Religious Uprising", where alleged tax decrees by the emperor were discussed. In 1737 a settlement between the Jesuits and the farmers was almost negotiated, but since not all agreed, a delegation traveled to the Kaiser in Vienna. However, the inexperienced farmers' representatives Thomas and Oberherzog did not reach an audience , but got into contact with the angular advocate Joseph Paul Zopf , who, in expectation of a good deal, promised to stand up for them with the emperor. Zopf posed as the imperial commissioner and created a falsified document from which it emerged that the peasants were exempt from their duties, which encouraged them to drive out the Jesuits. Zopf traveled to Dellach and on the evening of November 2, 1737, the farmers conquered the residence in Millstatt, looted, set a barn on fire and got drunk, while Zopf fled towards Vienna with the cash register of 3000 guilders. Zopf was put in Bad Kleinkirchheim with the money, at least half of the sum that the pen delivered to the university. The criminal process lasted over a year and a half, and it became very expensive for everyone involved. 400 men imperial troops from Croatia to prevent a further uprising and guards of the captured peasants had to pay and feed the population. In the judgment of April 29, 1739, it was said that “Georg Thämäss zu dellach” was executed on the place of execution (at the high cross in Millstatt) “with the sword from life to death” “then his head next to his house facing the ordinary streets Columns with iron gatter are stored. ”Later there is no longer talk of a column, but of a niche in the Brugger House, which existed until the 19th century. The other two ringleaders were beheaded in the presence of almost the entire population in May and their heads were put on display in iron cages at the corner of Millstatt's monastery garden as a deterrent. 29 other participants in the uprising were forcibly recruited and were permanently expelled from the country or were imprisoned for many years. The population had to pay the enormous sum of 21,560 florins in damages to the Jesuits. For comparison: a stately bonnet like the Götzfried had a total value of around 500 guilders at this time.
Basic discharge
Only after the political impact of the French Revolution , Dellach also belonged to the French kingdom of Illyria for a few years during the Napoleonic Wars , did the old subordinate or manorial system in Austria come to an end. With the March Revolution of 1848/49, the farmers were able to buy the farms from the imperial rule, the domain and become owners. The Jesuits no longer existed since the so-called Jesuit ban of 1773. The liberation of the peasants also led to the formation of the local communities in 1850. Dellach belonged to Millstatt until 1889, then as part of the cadastral community of Matzelsdorf to Obermillstatt and since 1973 again to Millstatt. One of the mayors of Obermillstatt came from Dellach. It was Franz Seiser from Dellach No. 20, (1957–1968) member of the Austrian People's Party .
To commemorate the events of 1737, a chapel was built, which today lies above the retaining wall in the wide curve of the main road. The location of the small chapel on Thomasbichl was considered the most beautiful vantage point on Lake Millstatt before it was built, as old paintings show.
The chapel was restored in 1932 at a time of great tension, especially between the Christian Social Party and the National Socialists . On the front side is the warning memorial saying “Built [after 1737] in thanks for the victory of the law. Renewed [1932] as a warning to the future generation. ”The risen Christ with a large red-white-red victory flag, painted in the chapel by Jakob Campidell, is remarkable . Despite tight budgets, the extensive restoration was carried out as a warning to the Nazis. These were much more violent. On the night of June 29, 1934, there was serious damage to property at Lake Millstatt for the first time with stolen explosives from the Radenthein magnesite plant. In order to intimidate political opponents, supporters of the now banned NSDAP blew up the newly built house of the Dellach factory worker Stefan Steurer, who was employed by the corporate state. In Dellach there was a local group of the German-Austrian homeland security ( Heimwehr ) since 1933 . After the war, Steurer built Dellach's first power station on the Görtschacher Bach.
Rural structures
In the old land registers and tax lists, the farms of today's Dellach are listed together with those of Starfach. In the west of today's town lies the former Dellacherfeld, which is now largely built up. The old farms of Dellach are still clearly recognizable in the Franziszeischen cadastre from the 1820s. There were a few small farms between Neubauer and the former Gasthof Brugger . A little further east are the old farms vulgo Götzfried and Pichlbauer . Until the 1950s, Dellach and Sappl were still connected by a meadow belt. This is already overgrown or blocked today. The easternmost farm of Alt-Dellach was the Starfacher in Starfach, which today belongs to Döbriach.
Neubauer
When house numbers were introduced in the Habsburg Monarchy , the numbers for the Dellach houses were assigned from west to east, i.e. from Millstatt. The lowest numbers are at the ship station. They were smaller chaste , whose vulgar names are not given in the lists. The first larger farmer in Dellach was the vulgo Neubauer of the Glabischnig family with the number 3. The Haufenhof is mentioned for the first time in the Millstätter records in 1520 as a prospector fief . The change in location is clearly visible in this house. The house, built in 1828, was extended to accommodate guest rooms in 1892. The courtyard is located in the flatter area of the village and, atypical for the area, has two barn bridges (driveways to the upper floor of the barn). The 1.5 hectare meadow facing the lake has been used as a campsite for decades. Dellach 4 vulgo Sauschneider , mentioned as Ebner fiefdom in 1652 , the largest Dellacher farmer around 1900, is also part of the Neubauer today .
Number 5 was the Pichlbauer , a heap on Thomasbichl near the federal road curve, which was first mentioned in 1663 as Am Pichl .
Simonbauer and the Brugger dance music bands
The Simonbauer fiefdom (No. 6) in the neighborhood of the Neubauer is first mentioned in 1477 as a Vischer fiefdom . The conductor Johann Brugger was born here on May 25, 1858. His twin sons Josef and Matthias were also born at the Simonbauer farm in October 1871. In 1883, father Johann founded the well-known dance band called the Bruggerer . The chapel is considered to be one of the "oldest" peasant music bands in Carinthia. The sons founded the Seebodner Bruggerer in 1895 after completing their three years of military service, which they spent with military music . The musician dynasty was considered to be the "best and most famous dance music" on the dance floors of Upper Carinthia and beyond for over seven decades. The people of Brugger were accordingly popular at the lake festivals in Dellach, Millstatt and Seeboden. Their performance area included all places that could be reached on foot or by bike, i.e. in the Drautal, Gailtal, Mölltal up to the Lungau. In 1928 the Polydor record company approached the Seebodner Bruggerer. The recordings, here referred to as the D'Brugger chapel, are probably the very first recordings by a Carinthian chapel. The recordings led to a corresponding presence in the RAVAG radio program . Live radio appearances have been handed down from Vienna, Munich and Radio Carinthia . The musicians of the peasant bands were all small farmers or workers and could live very well on the additional income from making music. The twin brothers set up a concrete goods production facility in Seeboden around 1900, which still exists today. The two-day church days at that time were particularly profitable. If things went well and there was no break due to a fight, a musician could earn the equivalent of a cow in two days.
Johann Brugger senior was Kapellmeister until 1933 and mastered his main instrument, the Bb clarinet, brilliantly. It was given to him in the grave in front of the church in Millstatt. Due to the political commitment to National Socialism carved on the tombstone - "He was the oldest SA man in Carinthia" - he was referred to as the "first music train leader" of Upper Carinthia, the stone was removed years ago. Brugger composed around 150 pieces of music and, in addition to the farmer's band, also played string music at Millstatt spa concerts.
His successor as Kapellmeister of the Brugger was his grandson Josef Brugger. Due to illness, the chapel dissolved in the early 1950s. The Seebodner Brugger had already stopped with the beginning of World War II. Due to the role model function of the people of Brugger, several bands emerged, such as the Döbriach music association, the Obermillstätter peasant music or the Seeboden traditional costume band. The complete dance books of the Dellacher Brugger from 1880 to 1960 have been preserved in the Carinthian folk song factory . The Brugger concerts were organized as wish concerts. From the dance books it can be seen that Waltz , Polka Francé or Tramplan and Polka Schnell were requested most frequently.
Thomasbauer / Brugger
The Gasthof Brugger (No. 7), at whose bath house the Roman villa was found and where the peasant uprising began in 1737, is one of the old Dellach farms. It is first listed there in 1477 as Hube und Fiefdom of Primus , and later as Hube zu Dellach . From 1791 the farm is called Thomas Hube , 1870 as Thomasbauer , in the dialect Tóma . The field names Thomasbichl and the name Thomas-Brücke for the bridge over the Sappler Bach, which is no longer clearly visible , are derived from the farm name . For around 160 years, from 1853 to 2013, the Thomasbauer was an inn. Tourism was seen as a good source of income as early as 1900. In 1905, the Brugger landlord advertised a villa with “8 rooms, fully furnished, 3 kitchens, two cellars, garden and use of the bathhouse”.
An early high point in the long history of the inn was the time before and after the First World War . The Brugger was a center of social life and a starting point, for example, for inauguration ceremonies such as that of the Hubertushütte in 1927 on the Sappleralm.
For decades the family inn was known for its fish specialties from its own large lake. The fishery has a 79 hectare fishing area on the opposite side of the lake from Dellach, which belonged to the Laggerhof until the early 1930s. The Lagger owner Christoph Staber was insolvent in 1927 and brought his guarantor, the Götzfried-Bauer in Dellach and Hånsbauer from Kries Elsdorf into severe financial turmoil. The Staber family, homeless from 1930, was quartered on the dance floor of the Gasthof Brugger for some time. After the war, the inn was expanded and rebuilt and, in the course of an increase, got its characteristic onion tower in the middle of the house. In 2013 the traditional inn was demolished. There are now three yellow apartment blocks with 14 second home apartments including lake access on the site.
Götzfried-Hof
Dellach's last historic courtyard building was the old Götzfried-Hof (number 8), built in the style of the farmhouses around Lake Millstatt, which was demolished in 2006. Since the end of the 1960s there was a new house with an annex for renting rooms. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the farm was laid out as a ring farm. The Palle family's farm with bed and breakfast is first mentioned in 1477 as Gottfried am Faszt (forest) . In the 18th and 19th centuries the name Aichholzer was on the hat . Preserved documents bear witness to rural life in the Dellach in the 16th century. In 1580 there was a dispute between Georg Götzfried and a Veit from Sappl about the use of water in the Leder-Bachl (today Sonnenhofbach). In 1586 it was about the illegal felling of fence wood by a Ruep Dittrich, also from Sappl, who was supported by his neighbor Paul Steggaber. As for other farms in the Millstatt estate, the succession of ownership from 1606 onwards is easy to understand using the honorary protocols, a kind of inheritance tax record . In a contract from 1769 the acquisition of grazing rights for two oxen in the Jesuit court garden, the then undeveloped eastern area of Millstatt, is documented. Around 1900 there was a brick kiln at Götzfried, which was a very profitable business. Not only farmers in the neighboring villages who needed bricks for arched stables were supplied, but also villa builders and the magnesite works in Radenthein. Italian seasonal workers from the barren valleys of the Karnia and the Aupa Valley worked as brick makers . The good income from the brick kiln enabled Götzfried to buy land from Sauschneider in 1907 , to build a new building and to open a general store (where Kahlhofer is today). Around 1911 he bought a lake plot around a boat and bathing hut with four bathing cabins in order to earn money from the emerging tourism. Before his bankruptcy in 1927, Götzfried and Laggerbauer were good friends who visited each other again and again via rowing boats. Appointments were made by shouting through a gramophone funnel. There wasn't a phone yet. Part of the Lagger's large fish loan came to the Götzfried brother at the Sonnenhof.
Sonnenhof
In 1923, during the period of hyperinflation before the introduction of the shilling currency , Götzfried managed to save his money by purchasing the carpenter's fief (Dellach number 9). The farmers called inflation a fall in money . The settlement of goods for daily needs z. B. of agricultural products with the Raden Theiner Magnesitwerk took place in the years of inflation via price of rye , the equivalent of a certain quantity of rye -Cereals. The carpenter's fiefdom was first mentioned in 1477 as Franck and in 1520 as Frannckh fief. From 1881, the Tischlerhube belonged to the Mittelbach family of pharmacists from Vienna , who came from Zagreb and who owned the cancer pharmacy on Hohen Markt . Siegmund Mittelbach, who became an important pioneer in tourism around the lake in the 1890s, became famous in the area. In 1879 he built the first villa for rent to summer guests in Millstatt, the "Gabrielenheim", and actively promoted tourism. He founded the "Dellach Beautification Association". In August 1904 a memorial plaque was unveiled in his honor and a waterfall "in Sappl" was named after him. The location of the “Siegmundsfall” has been forgotten today. When the property was sold, it was also called Pichlbauer , the local Dellacher farmer Götzfried got a chance to get a signature from other interested parties. Around 1948 the inn was expanded with attic rooms, new windows and a salettl at the hotel's own lido, which was financed through the sale of land. The old house only had two bedrooms, which were rented out in the summer, with the householders (including the children) sleeping temporarily in the stable. It has already been boiled. From this time on, the Gasthof Sonnenhof was probably called. A very large fishing area with over 140 hectares belonged to the property. The fishing water provided good yields, so that fish could be sold to “better people” in addition to their own needs. The fish were fished using self-made flats and the so-called bag hunt , during which the fish are not injured. Caught fish species were Waller ( catfish ), salmon , pike , tench , char , carp , pike , whitefish, perch , roach , chub , burbot ( monkfish ), arbor ( bleak ) and bitterling . The catfish was the most important fish for the Gasthof Sonnenhof with up to 200 seats. It was offered as breaded catfish (without tough skin). A good catch could contain 20 to 25 catfish weighing between 2 kg and 10 kg. Agriculture has not played a role since the 1950s. The decline in fish stocks due to environmental pollution (before the circular sewer system) and overfishing in the lake, the decline in tourism and inheritance divisions ultimately led to the closure of one of the most beautiful inns on the lake. A real estate company bought the property and built a complex of second homes called sun villas .
Star compartment
Another Dellacher farm is the Brugger Keusche (number 16). It is located in a forest settlement that can be reached from Dellach in the direction of Starfach via the Brugger Weg. The house is first mentioned in 1883 and previously belonged to the Thomasbauer. It is located on Gritzenweg, the old (Roman) road over Millstätter Berg not far from the hamlet of Starfach.
With the Carinthian municipal structural reform, the municipality of Obermillstatt lost the Dellach district of Starfach with 33 hectares and 143 inhabitants to the municipality of Radenthein. Radenthein was able to almost double its lakefront length on Lake Millstatt. In return, it is only known that Radenthein took over a quarter of an outstanding road construction loan from 1967.
The westernmost Alt-Dellacher Hof in Starfach was the forest farmer on the lakeshore with the number Dellach 10, which is listed in 1670 as In Hörndl , later Keusche in Hörnl . The property was for sale around 1910, but it was difficult to find a buyer. Back then, farmers were usually very afraid of water. Nobody could swim, children playing, the servants or the cattle were constantly threatened with drowning. The big fishing rights, the sea leanings, had other owners and the ice in winter was a permanent danger and its noises, the howling, eerie to people. When the property came into the possession of the well-known Carinthian photographer Hans Tollinger (1906–1977), there was initially still farming. This was replaced by commercial use, a photo laboratory was operated and summer guests were accommodated.
A little further to the east is the former number 13, the Rauth Bauer Keuschler , 1880 first mentioned, the drawn in Franziszeischer cadastral purchase Reuter , today in the district Starfach-Seeleiten. The largest farmer in the former eastern Dellach was the Starfacher Hube with the number 11. The Paarhof is listed in 1477 as a sacristan in Starffa . Starfacher was also the family name at court. The war memorial for the Dellacher fallen is at the church in Obermillstatt. The family lost four men in World War I.
The little church Maria Magdalena zu Starfach was probably built in the 12th century by the Benedictines of Millstatt Abbey , possibly on a place where a pre-Christian shrine already stood. It was an own church of the Millstatt Monastery, on a rock with a wonderful view of the east bay of Lake Millstatt, of the Döbriacher Feld and the village of Döbriach. It was on the route of the old Roman road to Teurnia . The Hohe-Wand-Weg was only built at the beginning of modern times. This larger of the Alt-Dellach chapels was first mentioned in 1310. It was consecrated to Saint Magadalena , the protector of the converted virgins. "It goes perfectly with the fact that the desecrated little church in Starfach above the Jungfernsprunges on Lake Millstatt was consecrated to her." An order from the Father Rector in Graz, the supreme landlord of the Millstatt rulership, was handed down on June 9, 1670 when he assumed the duties of Pastor of Bad Kleinkirchheim, according to the old tradition, imposed the following: "On holy Nageltag (second Sunday after Easter), a binding procession to be carried out from the parish church - to the Millstatt branch of St. Maria Magdalena in Starfach ob Döbriach!" In 1818 the church was provaned and sold together with the small property belonging to it for 30 guilders “Convenzionsmünz”. The bell of the chapel is the smallest church bell in Matzelsdorf today . The church chaplain near the chapel was first mentioned in 1827 with the earlier number Dellach 12.
From agriculture to leisure
At the end of 1871 the railway also came to Spittal and the lake area became easier to reach for tourists and those seeking relaxation from the cities. Around 1900 the Villa Bacz , today Seevilla Schmidt , was built in a prime location by a Viennese doctor as his vacation home. The villa has been preserved in its original form to this day. A travel report sees an “imminent upswing” especially for Dellach and describes Villa Bacz, which in 1927 also hosted summer guests for the first time, very positively. The low level of traffic on car lines and motor boats is seen as inadequate. There was also no electric light in Dellach, because "its introduction failed because of the contradictions of some large farmers." At the end of 1931, Villa Bacs was given 42,000 Schilling gold (value clause according to Formula 1 Schilling = 0.212 grams of fine gold) to the family from Upper Austria Schmidt sells.
The transport of people and goods and fishing took place in ancient times with simple plates , such as those exhibited in the Seeboden Fishery Museum. Before that, dugouts were in use. Wood was transported on large rafts. In winter there was possibly also stable ice. The first tourist ship traffic on the lake started in 1870 at the Millstätter Weinschenk Anton Trebsche. In 1901 the "Millstätter Steamship Company" was founded. Soon afterwards the landing stages were built around the lake, also in Dellach. This meant that the place could also be reached by steamboat.
In 1911 the first hiking trail signs were put up by a tourist . The starting point was the Rothenthurn railway station . From there it went to the Laggerwirt and on the Dellacher side to the Millstätter Alpe . In the summer of 1936 the road network was re-marked after storm damage.
The Viennese Schreiner family, who owned the western bank of the Dellacher Feld, were very early on in Dellach’s tourism. Around 1900 apartments were rented in a villa with boat use. In 1908 the property was sold. The successor family Herring (also Härring) called the house Liafels . The lake bottom of the Gröchenig farmer also comes from this property. With the Dellach restaurant, the Härring family developed an early touristic leader directly at the ship station. The restaurant became widely known through a murder among the guests. Gradually the property was expanded into a guesthouse with a restaurant, café and hotel. It is currently being converted into an apartment hotel.
From tourism to second home settlement
During the years of the “ economic miracle ”, tourism around Lake Millstatt experienced an enormous boost. Every free room in Dellach and the villages on the mountain was rented out. A large campsite was built by the Neubauer lake. All wastewater entered the lake directly or indirectly via the streams, which caused weeds and algae growth. From 1955 onwards the eutrophication led to a slow, from 1965 to a noticeable and then to a strong increase in floating algae, which reduced the average depth of visibility in 1972 from an average of 6 to 2 meters. In the summer of 1972, unfavorable weather constellations caused a spectacular “water bloom” of the Burgundy blood algae , which almost brought bathing to a standstill. Bathing was harmless to health, but the water was very cloudy and streaked with red and white streaks. The construction of the sewer system on Lake Millstatt was strongly promoted. The amount of floating algae decreased and the algae biomass has been at a low level again since 2004.
The Dellacher Strandbad is considered to be one of the most beautiful on Lake Millstatt. Due to the tense financial situation of the municipality of Millstatt, the then ÖVP and FPÖ municipal council suggested selling municipal properties such as the Dellach lido or encumbering them with building lease agreements. This met with great resistance from the population. The lido operation was re-dimensioned and renovation work was carried out with the help of volunteers, which is why the pool is still open to the public.
In the middle of the lake in front of Dellach is its deepest point at 141 m. In 2001 the world's only permanent training facility for apnea divers was established , a 6 x 6 m platform. In June 2001 the Viennese Herbert Nitsch set a new world record in freediving with 72 m.
Since the peak of mass tourism in the 1970s, the town's infrastructure has been steadily declining. The “Traum-Villa” restaurant and bar above the lido was very well known in the 1960s. The object, which came into the possession of the municipality of Obermillstatt after an auction, is back in private ownership after a failed attempt at revitalization in the early 1980s. There are no longer any grocery stores. The two old traditional inns Brugger and Sonnenhof are closed forever. They were sold and apartment houses built in their place, with the former lake accesses being sold as well. The trend towards second home complexes has been going on in Dellach for a long time and is very easy to see from the lake. Most striking are the two white, six-story apartment blocks of the Malerwinkel complex , which were built in 1971 and can be reached from Sappl.
Paths & streets
For a good hundred years, Dellach has been characterized by its location on a thoroughfare. Until the Middle Ages, the place could only be reached from above, from Millstätter Berg. There was no continuous road along the lake shore. An old Roman road between Teurnia and the Kirchheimer Tal ran via Starfach to Sappl and on to Lammersdorf over the Millstätter Berg. The crossing of the Hohe Wand between Starfach and Döbriach was only possible in the Middle Ages. Before 1880, a carriage ride from Spittal to Dellach was expensive. You had to cross the Fratres to Lieserbrücke , cross the Lieser and go through the Seebodner villages. The road did not go directly along the lake. The road through the Liesergraben was not built until the beginning of the 1880s. In 1883 the route was shortened by the new Seebach Bridge. In order to bring passengers to the railway, the Südbahn-Gesellschaft set up a horse-drawn bus between Spittal and Millstatt in 1883 during the summer season . This meant that you only had to organize a rental carriage for the last part of the route to Dellach. An alternative approach was the way from Rothenthurn train station by horse-drawn carriage via Großegg to the Laggerhof and rowing boat to Dellach. Millstätter Strasse was also greatly expanded in the 1880s in the course of the creation of a tourist infrastructure on Lake Millstatt and inaugurated in 1888.
In September 1903 there was a flood disaster that caused severe damage to bridges and roads and did not spare the Dellach area. The Sonnenhofbach from Matzelsdorf to Dellach flooded the fields. The road connection between Spittal and the Umgebung Valley was interrupted for some time and one had to switch to old farm roads via Wolfsberg on the Millstätter See ridge and Glanz. For the construction of the new state road, farmers had to give up or exchange properties, such as Thomas , Neubauer , Rautbauer , Waldbauer and Götzfried . With the construction of the Tauern Railway in 1909, the places on the lake were also easier to reach for German vacationers. From 1913 there was a further expansion.
Around 1918/19 there was a project to build a narrow-gauge railway from the abandoned Turracher blast furnace, via Ebene Reichenau , Kleinkirchheim, Radenthein to Dellach am Millstätter See. The aim was to recycle iron , cinnabar and mercury on the Turracher Höhe . Dellach was evidently the terminus because at that time the route to Pesenthein and Millstatt would have been too complex in terms of construction. In 1922 the first bus line Spittal - Millstatt was set up.
Further expansions were necessary due to increasing automobile traffic from the 1950s. The traffic connection to the east was improved by the purchase of the Pesenthein campsite by the municipality of Millstatt. The times with the heaviest and loudest traffic volumes were the 1960s and 1970s. The "works traffic", the truck volume due to deliveries from the Radentheiner magnesite works to the railway in Spittal and to the works in Ferndorf, was relatively high. In the time before mass motorization , the bus stop in Dellach was also important for the villages of Görtschach, Sappl and Matzelsdorf higher up on the mountain. Students or workers from the magnesite plant walked to Dellach every day.
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- ↑ Drowned .. In: Lavantthaler Bote / Unterkärntnerische Nachrichten (formerly Lavanttaler Bote) / Unterkärntner Nachrichten (formerly Lavanttaler Bote) , August 10, 1889, p. 3 (online at ANNO ).
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