Millstatt am See
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market community Millstatt am See
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| coat of arms | Austria map | |
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| Basic data | ||
| Country: | Austria | |
| State : | Carinthia | |
| Political District : | Spittal an der Drau | |
| License plate : | SP | |
| Surface: | 57.74 km² | |
| Coordinates : | 46 ° 48 ' N , 13 ° 35' E | |
| Height : | 611 m above sea level A. | |
| Residents : | 3,436 (January 1, 2020) | |
| Postal code : | 9872 | |
| Area code : | 04766 | |
| Community code : | 2 06 20 | |
| NUTS region | AT212 | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Marktplatz 8 9872 Millstatt am See |
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| Website: | ||
| politics | ||
| Mayor : | Johann Schuster ( SPÖ ) | |
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Municipal Council : ( 2015 ) (23 members) |
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| Location of Millstatt am See in the Spittal an der Drau district | ||
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 Millstatt on Millstätter See , east view towards the Hohe Tauern |
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| Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria | ||
Millstatt am See (until June 2012 Millstatt) is a market town with 3436 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) in the Spittal an der Drau district in Carinthia . For centuries, the history of the community was linked to Millstatt Abbey , which from the end of the 11th century until its abolition in 1773 had large estates in the region and had a decisive influence on their development. In the last third of the 19th century, Millstatt transformed into a distinct tourist destination within a few decades, and summer tourism is still the most important economic factor in the community on Lake Millstatt .
Millstatt is a legally recognized health resort .
geography
Millstatt is located on the north shore of Lake Millstatt in the southwest of the Nock Mountains , which are part of the Gurktal Alps . While the localities of Lechnerschaft, Millstatt, Pesenthein and Dellach are located along Millstätter Straße B 98 directly on the lake shore at about 600 m above sea level, most of the other localities are located on a plateau about 260 m higher, the Millstätter Berg , which is at the foot the Millstätter Alpe is located.
climate
Carinthia is located in the temperate climate zone of Central Europe, with the main Alpine ridge being a clear weather divide . The climate is strongly modified by the location to the south, by the relief and other local conditions, so that it is structured very small-scale. The precipitation follows the Central European pattern with Niederschlagsminima in winter and peaks in the summer. The precipitation in summer often comes from heavy rain, especially during thunderstorms . Its basin position, which is open to the south, and the protection against north winds lead to more hours of sunshine at Lake Millstatt than in other Upper Carinthia.
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Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Millstatt
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Community structure
The market community is divided into the four cadastral communities Laubendorf, Matzelsdorf , Millstatt and Obermillstatt. The communities Millstatt and Obermillstatt, separated in 1889, were reunited in 1973 to form a community with 18 localities on January 1, 1973, with the separation of the cadastral community Großegg and the village of Starfach. The following localities are currently part of the municipality (population in brackets as of January 1, 2020):
KG Laubendorf KG Matzelsdorf KG Millstatt KG Obermillstatt Goessering (55) Dellach am Millstätter See (185) Grand Dombra (177) Goertschach (107) Hohengass (23) Matzelsdorf (180) Small Tombra (103) Grantsch (72) Laubendorf (198) Pesenthein on Lake Millstatt (78) Lechnerhood (47) Lammersdorf (164) Öttern (14) Sappl (271) Millstatt am See (870) Obermillstatt (589) Pregnancy (124) Tschierweg (179)
Neighboring communities
| Krems in Carinthia | ||
| Lake bottom |
.svg)
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Radenthein |
| Spittal an der Drau | Ferndorf |
history
First settlements
The oldest traces of settlement found so far in today's municipality were found on Millstätter Berg near Lammersdorf (Schanzkogel) and Sappl , they point to a Neolithic settlement (around 2,000 BC). Around 500 BC Chr. Populated Celtic tribes, the region and by the Romans , the v from 15. BC occupied the land, settlement activity on the shore of Lake Millstatt could be proven by excavations.
In the area of Laubendorf, the foundation of an early Christian church was exposed, which was destroyed around 600 AD. During this time, Slavs settled in the Drautal and other regions of today's Carinthia and probably also settled on Lake Millstatt. After the previously Slavic principality of Carantania came under Bavarian and later Franconian suzerainty in the middle of the 8th century, the Christianization of the country began primarily from the newly founded diocese of Salzburg . With the missionaries, Baier settlers also came to the region and settled down. A first church around the year 800 can be traced for the village of Millstatt. According to legend, the Carantanen Duke Domitian founded Millstatt around 800, who, after his conversion to the Christian faith, had a thousand pagan idol statues (Latin mille statuae ) thrown into the lake. Around 950 King Otto I transferred the Seetal to the Aribones , a Bavarian aristocratic family who cleared and settled the area around the lake.
Name connection between Millstatt and Obermillstatt
The derivation of the place name from mille statuae is considered outdated. The place is mentioned for the first time between 1065 and 1075 as Milistat later (1122) as Milstat , where Milsstatt is the most likely name for the place on the Mils . The brook name Mils is derived from a pre-Slavic "Melissa" which means "mountain brook" or "hill brook". This "Milsbach" is probably the Riegenbach, which flows into the lake in Millstatt. The closeness of names to Millstatt and Obermillstatt is remarkable, especially since much smaller scattered settlements in the area have different place names. On the one hand, this may be related to the dominance of the Millstätter monastery, for which Obermillstatt was the immediate agricultural hinterland. On the other hand, there are also considerations as to whether the Milistat, first mentioned in a document in 1070, was originally the name of an older place near Obermillstatt and “wandered” from there into the valley. River names are among the oldest known names. The core name of Millstatt probably comes from Celtic times and describes a site on the Mils, which could also mean the Obermillstätter Bach. This is particularly suitable for the mill operation, since its water flow can be regulated since time immemorial (protected against flooding). The base of a ceramic jug of the Laugen-Melaun culture from the Late Bronze Age (approx. 13th – 11th centuries BC) from the Obermillstätter cemetery is the oldest trace of settlement there. The urn that was found at the former Fastian inn in neighboring Lammersdorf also dates from this period .
Millstatt Abbey
The Millstatt Benedictine monastery was founded around 1070 and the associated collegiate church was built in the Romanesque style. The founder, the Bavarian Count Palatine Aribo II , gave the newly founded monastery a large area that stretched from Seeboden to Turracher Höhe . The monks not only engaged in fishing and agriculture, including brewing and viticulture, but also set up a sculpture, painting and writing school. They were also responsible for clearing some of the side valleys, which were still densely forested at the time, where further settlements were formed. The monastery was not only the spiritual center for four centuries, but also exercised jurisdiction.
Between 1070 and 1469, four noble families successively exercised bailiwick rights over the monastery: The Counts of Görz , Ortenburg , Cilli and finally the Habsburgs . The latter abolished the Benedictine abbey in 1469 after a phase of mismanagement. In their place, the order of the St. George Knights , the Emperor Friedrich III. donated to counter the danger of the invading Turks, handed over the monastery and its possessions. In the summer of 1478, a troop of plundering Turks moved from Spittal to Reichenau. However, it does not seem to have resulted in any major damage. The George Knights built a new, well-fortified order castle next to the old, half-ruined monastery building in order to be armed against the attacks of the Turks. The four towers still preserved today, the George Knight and Grand Master's Castle (the latter today “Lindenhof”) and remains of the defensive walls date from this time . After the death of Emperor Maximilian I, the order gradually lost its influence and finally dissolved.
In the course of the Reformation movement in the 16th century, large parts of the population in the areas belonging to the monastery and in the rest of Carinthia had become Protestant . To counter this, the ruler of Inner Austria , to which Carinthia belonged at that time, and later Emperor Ferdinand II. Handed over the monastery with all its possessions to the Jesuits in 1598 . They had the task of enforcing the Counter-Reformation in the region, which they did in the following decades with full severity under threat of heavy penalties up to expropriation and expulsion. Since the order also demanded high taxes ( tithe and robot ) from the population , there was an armed uprising by the peasants in 1737, which was suppressed. As a result of the repeal of the Jesuit order on July 21, 1773 by Pope Clement XIV , the Millstatt Jesuit rule was ended.
The properties of the monastery were confiscated by the state after the order was abolished, placed under a state study fund company and administered by a cameraman, the parish and church were incorporated into the Gurk diocese on April 12, 1775 .
The Millstatt market
The consecration of the collegiate church, which is celebrated annually, brought a large influx of foreign visitors and traders to Millstatt as early as the High Middle Ages. By decree of April 14, 1310, Archbishop Konrad IV of Salzburg had the consecration of the individual chapels merged with that of the collegiate church on the day of St. Luke (October 18); from then until 1561 the Lukasfest was the only market in Millstatt. It is likely that the Millstätter parish markets were already very popular around 250 years before they were merged to form the Lukasmarkt. The designation of Millstatt as “market”, however, cannot be proven before the 15th century, but several documents show that the place was no longer a mere village and that before 1500, apparently before the arrival of the George Knights, a market constitution with a mayor , Council and market judge must have owned.
On the occasion of the takeover of the monastery by the Jesuits, the citizens got them to use Archduke Ferdinand to award a weekly market for Millstatt, which the latter finally granted with a privilege of January 20, 1601. In return, however, the farmers had to undertake to the Jesuits to hold this market without any disadvantage for the monastery, in particular not to use it to reduce the price of grain. While the mayor's bills can be used to prove that the weekly market was in operation both in 1671/72 and 1681, the next received mayor's bill for 1747 shows that no weekly market was held that year. Not only the weekly but also the annual markets fell at this time because the monastery also allowed the so-called Gäuhandel in the country in addition to the privileged markets against payment of a trade tax.
The dissolution of the monastery and the takeover of the rule of Millstatt by the state changed little economically for the population. Attempts to resume the weekly market apparently failed. For the years 1794/96 it is only documented that in addition to the three conventional annual fairs on the Tuesday after Mid-Fast, at Georgi and Lukas there was also a quarter market and a three kings market; For these five markets there is a certificate of confirmation for 1841.
An increase in the independence of the market is also not discernible during this period. Mayoral elections were not carried out directly, but via electoral lists that had to be approved by the district office; the elected was finally proposed to the governorate for confirmation. The admission of new citizens had to be approved by the camera administration.
The Millstatt cattle market on the lower square was mostly considered to be well attended. From the year 1896 a rather weaker market is reported. 5 bulls, 224 oxen, 95 cows and 26 heifers were brought up. Traders came from Tyrol and Salzburg. The next cattle market took place a month later.
The French bring freedom
Politically, Upper Carinthia was allocated to the Illyrian provinces of France as Département Caranthie after the Napoleonic Wars with the Peace of Schönbrunn in 1809 , but came back into the possession of the Habsburgs again in 1814 with the end of Napoleon I's reign, who allocated it to the Kingdom of Illyria. After the French rule, there was no longer a mayor at the head of the municipality, but a market judge appointed by a state district commissioner. The first land survey in the area took place in the 1820s as part of the work on the Franziszeische Cadastre , the aim of which was to create a uniform and fair basis for the collection of property tax. The French era gradually brought about the dissolution of the old subordinate or manorial system.
With the revolution of 1848/49 and the peasants' liberation that came with it , camera rule came to an end. With the abolition of serfdom , the farmers on Millstätter Berg also became free citizens in 1848 . Another consequence of the revolution of 1848 was the introduction of local self-government, which enabled the tax and cadastral communities to unite with others to form a local community with a mayor to be elected. The local community Millstatt, formed in 1850, comprised the rural cadastral communities of Großegg, Laubendorf, Obermillstatt and Matzelsdorf with a total of 1088 inhabitants in addition to the Millstatt market with its 647 inhabitants.
In 1889 Obermillstatt, Laubendorf and Matzelsdorf were separated again and merged to form the municipality of Obermillstatt; It was not until 1973 that these localities were re-incorporated into the market town of Millstatt.
As early as 1793, some Millstatt innkeepers tried to have the Obermillstatt parish abolished, as the separation meant that fewer churchgoers from Obermillstatt came to Millstatt. The first contrasts between valley and mountain inhabitants emerged, which later led to the division of the two communities.
Separation and reunification of Millstatt and Obermillstatt
In February 1888, under Mayor Johann Fauner, the large community was again divided into the local communities Obermillstatt with 4861 ha and 1200 inhabitants and Millstatt with 2271 ha and 700 inhabitants. The separation seems to have been preceded by a long dispute between the citizens of the Millstatt market and the farmers on the mountain. The Matzelsdorf parish chronicle reports that the people of Obermillstätter refused to co-finance “expensive road structures through the courtyard and courtyard gardens, which were completely useless for the mountain dwellers”. The last municipal council meeting on the division of the common property was on May 2, 1888.
From 1938 to 1945 Millstatt was a district court of the "Spittal an der Drau district" in the " Reichsgau Kärnten". The area was legally subordinate to the Klagenfurt Regional Court and the Graz Higher Regional Court. In 1934 Millstatt had 920 inhabitants, in 1939 there were 1,042.
Until January 1, 1973, the economic development was separate due to the different structures.
Transformation into a tourist destination
Probably the first description in travel literature can be found by the Viennese alpinist and court chamber official Josef Kyselak (1798–1831), who also stopped by Millstatt on his 1825 hike to Austria. He found a shabby place with curious people: “Markt Millstatt does not compensate in its bad houses for the lost splendor, which like some luck only lasts a moment! Less forgotten is the stupid way of researching foreign travelers' shops and passports here. "
In the second half of the 19th century Millstatt began to open to tourism, which was favored by the construction of the Marburg - Villach - Spittal - Franzensfeste southern line in 1873. The first seaside resorts (Trebsche) and inns (including Burgstaller) were built during this time, nobles and wealthy citizens built villas on the lake shore. At the end of July 1890 it was booked out. It has repeatedly happened that the arriving strangers had to turn back immediately because absolutely no quarters could be found for them. In 1894 Millstatt had 519 inhabitants, 13 inns and 320 guest rooms. The Viennese lawyer Alexander Pupovac had the south wing of the former monastery converted into a hotel, which was officially opened on June 15, 1901 as the "Lindenhof". In tourist guides and brochures from the late 19th century u. a. Hikes to the villages on the Millstätter Berg and Millstätter Alpe are particularly recommended because of the very beautiful views. A popular path led through the gorge to the Herzog and Rautfeldbauer Falls. The “Hochweg” to the Rainer-Hube, a country inn, which later became the primary school in Obermillstatt, was also popular. The first overnight stays by tourists in the former municipality of Obermillstatt are reported from Dellach in 1900.
With the construction of the Tauern Railway in 1909, Millstatt was also easier to reach for German vacationers. With the First World War came the first major slump in the emerging tourism. Since there were no guests in Millstatt, the demand for agricultural products from Millstätter Berg had also fallen sharply. In the interwar period, tourism recovered quickly. In 1924 the road from Millstatt to Obermillstatt was built and replaced the old ravine, a part of which can still be seen today next to the Kalvarienberg. The first cars came to Obermillstatt. From 1930 there were guest rooms all over the Millstätter Berg.
In 1921 Millstatt officially became a health resort . In order to offer the guests the flair of a spa town, a 25-man spa band was hired from 1929 to 1933 during the main season and performed daily in the music pavilion on the beach promenade. From 1929, under the direction of Mayor Arthur Ritter von Przyborski, improvements to the roads, the construction of tennis courts, the expansion of the lido by 42 cabins and the construction of a diving platform (opened in 1931) began.
Great Depression
The lost First World War with the end of the monarchy had massive economic effects. In 1921/22, the great inflation made cash worthless. In 1925 there was a change from kronen to schillings. A high point of the global economic crisis in Austria was the bankruptcy of the largest bank, the Creditanstalt, in the summer of 1931. In autumn there was an attempt by the Heimwehr to take power in Austria by means of a coup . Against the background of this unstable situation, state and local elections took place in some federal states on April 24, 1932, with the NSDAP winning massively at the expense of the Greater German People's Party and the Landbund . In Austria-wide comparison in Carinthia, the NSDAP was not only able to achieve the greatest successes in the cities but also in the rural communities. In 1930 the NSDAP was only 3% across Austria. In Millstatt it achieved 9.2%, that was 1 out of 16 mandates.
Nazi propaganda was strong and believed by many. As a result of the economic crisis, there were fewer and fewer guests in the tourist town of Millstatt. The effects on industry and the labor market were corresponding. Under the impression of unemployment, the young men in particular saw National Socialism as salvation. There are reports of long-term unemployed people who, for years without pay, only hired themselves out to provide food for farmers and felt accordingly exploited. But the farmers were not doing particularly well economically either and the National Socialists lured them with promises such as complete debt relief, subsidies (home schillings), the purchase of surplus cattle and other economic advantages of a joint Greater German Reich.
After the establishment of the legal party structures until 1933, there were economic boycotts. Nazis were instructed to avoid patriotic businessmen or farmers and to harm them as much as possible. In order to stir up the supporters accordingly, there were secret nocturnal meetings, which are also reported in the Millstatt area. Since the NSDAP did not have access to suitable human resources when it came to selecting personnel, they were not choosy. Criminals could easily make a career. The SA Storm Leader von Millstatt had five previous convictions and his deputy had three convictions for serious fraud.
"Brown Terror" and July Coup
At the beginning of 1933 Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany, which massively strengthened the Austrian National Socialists in their zeal. In March 1933, the Christian Social Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss prevented parliament from meeting again and used this for a coup to establish a corporate state . The Nazi terrorist acts increased massively, which led to a ban on the NSDAP by the Dollfuss regime in June 1933 . By 1938, around 800 people across Austria died from the terror of the illegal NSDAP, with 164 perishing during the July coup and 636, some seriously injured or materially damaged.
At the latest from the one-thousand-mark ban imposed by Nazi Germany in 1933 to damage Austrian tourism, the economic difficulties were also strongly felt among the Millstätter. Only very few Germans were willing to pay this entry fee, which is around 4,000 euros today.
In the area around Lake Millstatt there were constant fighting between the formations of the parties and the arrests of supporters of the NSDAP from May 1934. According to contemporary witnesses, the political actions of the Nazis in the Obermillstatt community in the early 1930s were still relatively harmless. There were swastika graffiti, swastika flags in prominent places in the forest or swastika- shaped fires burned down on mountains on Mirnock , Goldeck or Gmeineck.
On the night of June 29, 1934, there was serious damage to property for the first time with stolen explosives from the Radenthein magnesite plant. In order to intimidate political opponents, supporters of the now banned NSDAP blew up the newly built house of the state-owned factory worker Stefan Steurer in Dellach. That same night, the largest attack to date in Carinthia took place, the large, iron Lieser Bridge near Seebach being blown up, which temporarily cut off the Millstatt lake area from the connection to the railway. An attack on the Vienna express train failed at Lake Wörthersee. Both actions were specifically aimed at damaging domestic foreign traffic.
Less than a month later, between July 25th and 30th, 1934, there was a large-scale attempt by the National Socialists to overthrow. It is assumed that Hitler personally was the initiator. In Vienna , SS men disguised as soldiers of the armed forces and police officers attacked the Federal Chancellery and RAVAG and forced a false report on the radio, which was the agreed signal that National Socialists across Austria should start a "survey". Especially in Styria and Carinthia, there were sometimes fierce battles between the National Socialists and the armed forces of the federal government, the armed forces, the police, the gendarmerie and independently operating units of "government loyal" military associations, the Home Guard . During these days, volunteer protection corps such as the Ostmärkische Sturmscharen were mobilized.
As in all of Carinthia, there was also fighting in Millstatt. On July 27th at four in the morning about fifty heavily armed Nazi putschists came on the street from Radenthein, opened fire and captured the two Millstatt gendarmes and five Schutzkorps men who opposed them. They operated the siren to inform other Nazis who were waiting for the coup and freed the Millstätter and Obermillstätter who had been in the municipal dumpster since the bomb attacks. At five thirty the first 20 alpine troops of the armed forces came from Spittal, freed gendarmes and Schuko men. According to contemporary witnesses, the putschists were not organized and fled to the forests east of the town. They dared not attack, although they had meanwhile grown to around 300 people from the surrounding area as well as the Kirchheimer and Umgebung valley and fled through the woods. A total of one alpine hunter and two home guardians died. The coup was suppressed throughout Austria by July 30th. Around 4,000 National Socialists were tried by military courts, 13 were executed, and many were sent to detention camps. Six people from the community of Obermillstatt (including a farmer, an unskilled worker and two farm workers) were deported to the Wöllersdorf detention center in Lower Austria, where they were held for about six months. Richer Nazis, e.g. B. tavern sons fled to the German Empire in Bavaria to the Austrian Legion .
The cessation of tourism due to the political struggles of 1933 and 1934 meant that the Millstatt community went bankrupt with all businesses and was placed under compulsory administration by the Klagenfurt mortgage company, whose local executor was Josef Pleikner.
The "Anschluss" and war
With the annexation of Austria in 1938 it became possible to openly profess National Socialism. Here and there swastikas were painted on the houses so that they could be seen from afar. On August 18, the boys born in 1917 were called up to work in the German armed forces at the Radenthein secondary school. Participation in the relevant apron organizations such as the Hitler Youth , Sturmabteilung , Bund Deutscher Mädel or the local farmers became mandatory. Here, too, the usual Nazi bans are reported, such as listening to foreign radio stations such as the BBC or attending religious education classes. Both were done with appropriate precautionary measures. While some were hoping for work at last, others also saw the opportunity to expand their property by deporting those who did not conform to the system. Special Nazi careers from the community are not known. There were militant Hitler Youth leaders, some SA members, but also voluntary SS members. Everyone soon became disillusioned. Hardly any family had no casualties in the Second World War . Most of the men in the area were drafted into the Balkans .
The municipality itself was not affected by armed events. Contemporary witnesses only report of British or American bomber units flying overhead that bombed the railroad in the Drautal and the cities of Villach and Klagenfurt .
During the war, in addition to the very weak tourism, there were officially ordered billeting. A quarter directly in Millstatt was the house at the entrance to the gorge. In the area, several camps were set up by Kinderlandverschickung for around 500 children from bombed-out families from Berlin. A Reich Labor Service Camp (RAD Camp 4/224) was built in Obermillstatt . There were an average of 40 to 50 women there who had to do agricultural work for the farmers in the area. The new primary school was built in 1977 on the site of the former camp. The municipality of Millstatt fell under British administration during the occupation . The headquarters was housed in Heroldeck Castle. Other Millstatt villas were also acquired to accommodate the soldiers. The local population had to deliver food to supply the troops. Contemporary witnesses still report on the drill exercises of the British on today's federal highway and paint an overall positive picture of the English, who repeatedly distributed food . In search of hidden or passing National Socialists on the run, the British combed the Millstätter Berg again and again and occasionally drove their jeeps to the Millstätter Alpe.
From mass tourism to health resort
In the years of the " economic miracle " from the 1960s onwards, Lake Millstatt experienced an enormous boom in tourism, especially from West German tour operators, individual travelers and campers . The negative effects of mass tourism on the environment and culture were initially ignored. The discharge of sewage from households and industry (Magnesitwerk Radenthein) into the lake led to an increase in floating algae as early as 1955 and subsequently to weeds and algae growth. The average depth of view decreased from 6 to 2 meters at the height of the eutrophication in 1972. The appearance of the Burgundy blood algae led to a spectacular "water bloom". In the summer of 1972, the swimming pool almost came to a standstill. Around this time, “around seventy” loud private motorboats were cruising on the water. The expansion of the sewer system on Lake Millstatt led to a gradual improvement. The algae biomass has been at a low level again since 2004.
The number of overnight stays in the communities on the lake peaked at 850,000 around 1980, declined by the end of the 1990s and has since remained stable at around 320,000. Summer tourism accounts for around 85%.
The greater mobility of the previous guests changed their travel behavior. More southern travel destinations became more attractive. The reduced number of guests and the regenerated environment - the lake water is again of drinking water quality, private motor boats are prohibited - make quality tourism possible. Many private pensions have reduced their room availability or are no longer renting them out. Larger houses that had not invested in the boom had to cease operations and are being replaced by new buildings that gradually change the townscape that has remained unchanged for a long time. The Villa Soravia by Coop Himmelblau instead of the “Strandhotel Marchetti” is striking . Residential buildings such as the “Gasthaus zur Glocke” or the “Millstätter Hof” were built. Little by little, high-priced holiday apartments such as the “Seehotel Löcker”, the “Seeschlössel Millstatt” or the “Sonnenhof” in Dellach are being built.
The name of the market town was changed to Millstatt am See on July 1, 2012.
In order to extend the short high season from July to August, the first Carinthian bathhouse , a wooden swimming pool ( passive house ) with a wellness area, was opened in the western area of the Millstätter Strandbad in late November 2012. The house is built around 1900 in the style of the Wörthersee architecture . For reasons of energy efficiency there is no indoor pool. The house's energy is obtained from solar thermal and photovoltaics . The community of Millstatt contributed 1.2 million of the 3.8 million euros for construction. The old dilapidated Millstatt indoor swimming pool from 1969 was demolished.
Natural disasters
When natural disasters occur in Millstatt , these are usually heavy rain and storms , less often hail and drought or earthquakes . The worst storms occur when a Mediterranean low moves from the Po plain via Friuli further north over Upper Carinthia and the clouds sink low due to specific air currents and accumulate along the Millstätter Alpe. In such cases, even smaller streams can quickly become torrential torrents that bring a lot of debris from the mountain into the valley. The alluvial cones z. B. in Millstatt, Pesenthein or Görtschach. While the old farms are all in flood-proof areas, many buildings were built close to the streams in the 20th century. Due to the floods in the 1950s and 1960s, all relevant streams on Millstätter Berg have torrent barriers . Since Millstatt is only around 30 km from the Kanaltal - Villach earthquake line, earthquakes can be felt again and again. Historically, natural events are primarily documented when they have led to major damage to stately buildings and churches. There are no reports of damage from natural disasters to the mostly simple wooden houses of the subjects.
- 1201: On June 4th, an earthquake hit the epicenter in the Liesertal Upper Carinthia.
- Collapsing buildings from Millstatt are not explicitly reported, but greater damage can be assumed. The vestibule of the collegiate church lost its original character by walling up the round arches and the entrance portal by an architrave pushed under the tympanum .
- 1288: After a major fire that must have taken place between 1288 and 1290, the monastery building in Millstatt was rebuilt in 1291 under Abbot Otto IV.
- 1348: In the damage caused by the strong earthquake in Friuli in 1348 , in which a. came to the landslide on the Dobratsch , no damage reports have been handed down from Millstatt. Presumably at that time the westwork under the church towers was completely closed and the arched opening of the northern vestibule was made smaller.
- 1690: The massive earthquake with almost three weeks of aftershocks was a decisive event for the Millstatt Jesuit rule . The Litterae Annuae of the Jesuits report on this:
- “At five o'clock in the afternoon, while Vespers was being sung, the earth trembled all over the area with an infernal subterranean noise from a tremor such as had not been heard for centuries. The brick portico for the ships on the lake side collapsed with the first impact. A stone pillar fell from the tall towers. There were considerable gaps in the towers themselves. "
- Repairing the earthquake damage took four years and required extensive renovation work on the collegiate church and the order buildings. The damage to the tympanum, which was plastered between 1691 and 1878, can still be seen today, particularly on the architrave. This marble bar, broken into four parts, no longer supports the relief, but is held by it with iron clips.
- 1904: On July 14th, there was a fluvial transport of solids that required clean-up work for 14 days.
- As a result of a downpour on the Millstätter Alpe, houses, streets, gardens and facilities were flooded. Tree trunks, stones and masses of earth destroyed the market's aqueduct and tore bridges and mills into the depths. The blacksmith's forge with wagon shop and electrical work at the entrance to the gorge, newly built by master blacksmith Karl Silbernagl in 1899, was severely damaged. The first photos of this storm have survived.
- After lengthy negotiations, in April 1913 the kk torrent control Villach began with the security measures in the built-up area over several annual periods.
- 1933: On August 19, there was a major storm with a storm and enormous amounts of water. Five large old linden trees on Kalvarienberg were uprooted and the road between Millstatt and Obermillstatt was impassable.
- The linden tree in the monastery broke halfway, and a branch broke through the monastery roof next to the post office. The linden tree in the Lindenhof lost its main arm. A Ganz drowned at the cantor's villa on the south bank. At the lake there were waves as high as a house. The Schillerstrand and the promenade to the Gröchenigbad were under water.
- 1936: Flood on the Millstätter Riegenbach.
- 1937: In May, floods and debris flows on the Millstätter Riegenbach.
- 1958: On the night of July 31st to August 1st, 1958, several torrential thunderstorms broke out on the Millstätter Alpe, whereas not a drop of rain fell in the valley. In the upper reaches of the gorge, the water masses behind a wall of mudslides, trees and stones and floods the place. The place was mortified by 21,000 m³ debris . Thirteen passenger cars were washed into the lake, parts of houses collapsed, basements and gardens were flooded with mud, and streets were turned into deep streams. Seven people were killed.
- The Pesentheiner Bach had already emerged from its banks in the upper reaches near Lammersdorf and carried away a worker employed there. At the exit of the gorge near Pesenthein, cars and tents from the fully occupied campsite were washed into the lake. Agricultural land was graveled meters high.
- There were also large mudslides in Görtschach. There alone 630,000 schillings were given as the amount of damage. A total of 83 houses were partially destroyed in the community.
population
Population development
data according to Statistics Austria
After the population had risen steadily to around 2000 in the first decades of tourism since 1860, it remained stable in the first half of the 20th century. During the last years of the war and the first years after the Second World War, the population increased to 2,813 by 1951, mainly due to the influx of refugees and displaced people from the eastern regions of the collapsed German Reich. In the two decades that followed, the number of overnight stays increased tenfold, but this had a comparatively minor impact on population development: in the fifty years between 1951 and 2001, the population grew by only 19%.
Nationalities
According to the 2001 census, 94.7% of Millstatt's residents had Austrian citizenship. The largest proportion of the foreign population was made up of German (2.4%) and Croatian (1.0%) citizens, other nationalities just under 2%. German was mentioned as the colloquial language by 96.4% of the population, 1.4% Croatian and 2.2% other languages.
Religions
In Millstatt 75.1% of the population profess the Roman Catholic and 16.6% the Protestant Church. 0.6% are of Islamic faith and 5.5% have no religious beliefs.
Regular Catholic services are held in the parish churches at Millstatt Abbey and in Obermillstatt. The Sanctuary of the month Matzelsdorf one place every 13th May to October Fatima - pilgrimage place. Every year on Corpus Christi, a particularly picturesque maritime procession takes place on ships and boats along the northeastern shore of the lake, in which the Knights of St. George also traditionally take part.
Evangelical believers celebrate their service in the summer months in the Maria Loretto Chapel near the collegiate church, otherwise in the Evangelical Church in Unterhaus ( Seeboden parish ).
politics
Municipal council
The Millstatt municipal council has 23 members and has been composed as follows since the 2015 municipal council election :
The directly elected mayor is Johann Schuster (SPÖ).
coat of arms
One of the first signs of the gradual separation from the pen and the beginning of self-government was a market seal , the use of which can be proven on a document dated October 27, 1737 and bears the year 1656. The motif of the pillars with the animal heads was adopted from the Millstatt monastery, which dates back to the time of the Benedictines: The oldest evidence from 1464 can be found on the door wing of the west portal, albeit without heads. Under Johann Geumann (1508–1553), the second Grand Master of the Order of St. George, the coat of arms was often used and also placed on his tomb. The columns allude to the Domitian legend, according to which he had 1000 pagan statues thrown into the lake on the occasion of the Christianization of the Millstatt area.
Today's coat of arms is based on a graphic by Alexander Exax and was awarded to the market town on February 16, 1970 by the Carinthian state government. The official blazon is:
- “In a blue shield on a green three-mountain, three golden columns , the capitals of which are adorned with silver animal heads: 1. goat , 2. looking lion , 3. donkey ; the heads of 1 and 3 face the lion. "
The flag is blue and yellow with an incorporated coat of arms.
Town twinning
- Helgoland , Germany (since 1974)
- Wendlingen am Neckar , Germany (since 1992)
- San Daniele del Friuli , Italy (since 1993)
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
The Millstätter Straße B 98 leads through Millstatt along the lakeshore towards the west to Seebach ( Seeboden municipality ), where it meets the Katschberg Straße B 99, or via Döbriach and Radenthein to Treffen in the east. There is no traffic connection running in a northerly direction. The next motorway connection is the feeder to the Spittal / Millstättersee junction of the A 10 Tauern motorway near Seebach, about six kilometers away.
Millstatt has no connection to the rail network, the nearest train station Spittal / Millstättersee in Spittal is about 12 km away. During the day, an ÖBB post bus runs regularly to Spittal and Radenthein .
tourism
The tourism statistics from March 2004 show 4443 beds and two campsites with a total of approx. 375 parking spaces for the community of Millstatt, whereby 361,986 overnight stays were recorded over the whole year. In the winter season 2014/2015 there were 96 accommodation establishments in the municipality of Millstatt, in which 1,527 beds were available, 938 of them commercial. 30,078 overnight stays (85% foreigners) were counted. In the 2015 summer season there were 252 establishments with 2,967 beds, 1,574 of which were commercial. There were 258,005 overnight stays (75% foreigners).
Challenges for the community
A cash drop after the municipal council elections in 2015 showed that the Millstatt municipality is over-indebted to ten times its annual budget. In the last ten to fifteen years, a deficit of 4 million euros has arisen, mainly due to the deficit of the Millstatt swimming pools and the Millstatt indoor swimming pool, which has been demolished for the time being. It was only very late in 2012, in 2012, that the municipality presented a solution proposal to sell some of the municipality's own properties such as the Millstatt and Dellach beach baths, the Pesenthein campsite or the Zwergsee or to encumber them with building rights contracts. This met with great resistance from the population. A community referendum was rejected by the community council. In the past, the indoor swimming pool was already viewed by many as oversized for the community, but criticism has increased with the construction of the new bathhouse. The sale of building land, savings in road maintenance and the maintenance of the townscape or the amalgamation of elementary schools are discussed as current savings measures.
At the end of 2019, financial officer Georg Oberzaucher (Greens) explained the community's financial situation. After the cash drop at the beginning of the 2015 legislative period, it was possible to reduce the debt level from 4.2 to 2.7 million euros despite high investments such as diving tower renovation, education center and torrent control in Riegenbach.
education
The villages of Millstatt and Obermillstatt each have an elementary school. There are numerous secondary and vocational schools as well as technical colleges in the school centers in Spittal an der Drau, ten kilometers away .
Culture and sights
Buildings
- Millstatt Abbey with the former abbey and today's parish church of St. Salvator and All Saints
- Millstatt Cloister and Millstatt Abbey Museum
- The parish church of St. John the Baptist in Obermillstatt was first mentioned in a document when the monastery was founded. It was given its present form during a renovation in 1614
- The Kalvarienbergkapelle , located above the village of Millstatt, is a building that was built around 1700 in the Baroque style and opened towards the front. On the altar wall is a carved crucifixion group with the two thieves and Mary and John in front of a painted landscape.
- Between 1879 and 1920, aristocrats from the Austrian Empire built numerous villas in Millstatt in the Wilhelminian style as summer residences. These shape the townscape to this day. 20 houses worth seeing along a villa hiking trail are specially marked.
- The Villa Verdin (formerly Hubertusschlössel), the Seevilla, the Villa Luisenheim (now known as the Parkschlössl) or the Villa Streintz are particularly striking.
- The Domitian monument is a 4.20 m high sculpture by the Italian Giorgio Igne. She stands on a platform in the lake in front of the Schillerpark. Two further depictions of Domitian are located in a niche of the Burgstaller house on the market square in Millstatt and at the fire station of the Millstatt volunteer fire brigade
Courtyard of the monastery
Parish church Obermillstatt
Villa Verdin
Domitian monument
Fountain on Georgsritterplatz
View of the lake with the new bathhouse on the left
Museums
- The Millstatt Abbey Museum documents the history of Millstatt using works of art from the Roman and early Christian times as well as from Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque styles. A special feature is a dungeon from the 16th century with still preserved wall scribbles by prisoners. The Rosary Museum , which is also located in the monastery building, shows rosaries and other prayer chains from all over the world, as well as prayer books, statues and icons.
- The local history and tourism museum Millstatt Obermillstatt in the former primary school building in Obermillstatt shows the visitor the recent development of the region. Most of the around 500 exhibits date from the past 150 years. The exhibition is structured according to areas, some in separate rooms. There is a household and laundry room, agricultural and handicraft equipment (carpentry, shoemaker, rafting , fishing on Lake Millstatt), a development history of tourism in the Millstatt community, a health room, the presentation of the guest accommodation, a winter room, etc. a. about ice skating on the lake, a list of the clubs (Bürgergarde Millstatt, kuk warrior club Obermillstatt, the volunteer fire brigades and civic women). The musical being is represented. There is an overview of the National Socialist RAD and later children's camp in Obermillstatt and a documentation of the major storms since 1904. The special exhibition 2012 deals with the history of trade in the community and is entitled “From wheat from Argentina to the office in Millstatt ".
Visual arts
Galleries
In Millstatt there are the following galleries for fine arts:
- FORUM KUNST as part of the "ART SPACE stift millstatt"
- KUNSTradln gallery and café
- "Old School Millstatt" (gallery of the Kunstverein Kunst & Co.)
- Lindenhof Gallery
- Galerie KlostergARTen by the artists Elke Maier and Georg Planer
- "Friedensgalerie" by the artist Gudrun Kargl
Sculpture symposia and sculpture trails
Millstatt was and is the location for international sculpture symposia and related sculptures in public spaces, such as
- since 1989 "Mille Statuae": Based on the legend of Millstatt's name, sculptures by well-known national and international artists are exhibited and freely accessible in many places and facilities in the town. They come from sculpture symposia in Millstatt, organized by the Societá "Dante Alighieri" based in Spittal an der Drau
- 2009 "Water Stone Sculpture Symposium" Millstatt
KUNSTradln in Millstatt
" KUNSTradln in Millstatt " is an international art exhibition in the form of 25 art stations, spread all over Millstatt. This was held for the first time in 2018 and takes place annually.
Visual artist
The following artists live or work in Millstatt: Jochen Freymuth (painting, sculpture), Otto Glanznig (painting), Thomas Györi (sculpture, land art ), Friederike Jäger-Schmölzer (painting), Gudrun Kargl (painting, land art), Elke Maier (installation, Land Art), Peter North (painting), Georg Planer (sculpture, spatial interventions), Franz Politzer (painting, stage design), Michael Printschler (sculpture), Karin Schlieber (watercolor painting).
music
Millstatt Music Weeks
The Millstatt International Music Weeks, which have been held annually since 1977, are a nationally known festival for sacred and secular choral and orchestral works as well as chamber music.
International guitar festival
The international guitar festival "La Guitarra esencial" has been held annually since 2008 and offers concerts from all genres of guitar music as well as workshops.
Choirs and choral societies
In Millstatt there are several choirs (including Carinthia Choir Millstatt , Chorus Anónymus , Mixed Choir Obermillstatt ) and choirs that perform at events in the region.
Citizen Guard Millstatt
The Privileged Uniformed Citizen Guard Millstatt is a historical association and has existed since the 15th century. The guard continues the tradition of the earlier vigilante groups.
The canyon path
The Schluchtweg is the lower and middle part of a hiking trail from the center of Millstatt to the Millstätter Alpe . With the rise of tourism in the 1880s, a hiking trail was laid along the Riegenbach Gorge (3.5 km) with its waterfalls, leading over many steps and bridges, from which one could visit the surrounding villages such as Obermillstatt and get to the Nockberge. The walking time to the Alexander hut ( 1786 m above sea level ) or Millstätter hut ( 1876 m above sea level ) via the Schwaiger hut ( 1625 m above sea level ) is about 3.5 hours. The lower part of the path is divided into the Klangschluchtweg, Kräuterweg and Prof. Willi-Dungl - Kneipp biotraining hiking trail.
The sound canyon in the first 500 m of the canyon, part of the Carinthian habitat water project, was redesigned in 2012 with eight listening fields with sound funnels, wing chairs and other listening furniture, in order to make acoustic experiments and experiences in the great outdoors. In the middle part of the gorge there are stations for treading water, arm and face baths and for conscious breathing. The Herzogfall and Rautfeldbauerfall in the upper area of the gorge were motifs for postcards as early as 1900.
Natural monuments
- “1000-year-old linden tree”: Former court tree in Millstatt Abbey , around 350 years old. The linden tree is owned by the Austrian Federal Forests and has been under protection since 1933.
- The Hansbauer linden tree south of the road from Obermillstatt to Lammersdorf is around 130 years old. The tree has been under protection since 1953.
- The linden tree in Kleindombra has been under protection since 1977.
"1000 year old" linden tree
Legend on the
"1000 year old linden tree"
Hansbauer Linde
Linden tree in Kleindombra
Sports
The sports club Obermillstatt , founded in 1969, has the sections soccer , stick sports and car rifle. The Millstättersee sports club , on the other hand, is a pure tennis club , there are also several ice rifle rounds and the Pulverhorn Millstatt shooting club . There is also a mini golf club .
Sons and daughters of the place
- Adalbert Defner (1884–1969), landscape photographer
- Franz Nikolasch (* 1933), theologian and university professor
- Axel Huber (1942–2019), chronicler, local researcher and diver
- Bernhard Kuhnt (* 1963), German TV commissioner
- Anna Gasser (* 1991), Austrian snowboarder and Olympic champion (2018) in Big Air.
Honorary citizen
- Artur Przyborski (1860–1948), mayor, former Austro-Hungarian field marshal lieutenant
literature
- Matthias Maierbrugger : The story of Millstatt. With a contribution by Dr. Karl Dinklage : The history of the Millstatt market . Ed .: Marktgemeinde Millstatt. Ferd. Kleinmayr, Klagenfurt 1964, OCLC 314406422 , p. 422 (New edition: 1989; without detailed source references; historical parts are based on the unfinished story of Millstatt by Robert Eisler ).
- Matthias Maierbrugger: Vacation at Lake Millstatt. A leader . Klagenfurt 1978. (not entirely up-to-date, but good introduction to the regional history of Lake Millstatt with the towns of Millstatt, Seeboden, Radenthein, Ferndorf and Spittal an der Drau)
- Matthias Maierbrugger: The Carinthian Citizens Guard . Verlag Johannes Heyn, Klagenfurt 1980, ISBN 3-85366-337-0 .
- Friedrich Koller: From the first guest to mass tourism. ( Memento of July 4, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) The influence of tourism on changes in people, the local appearance and ecology in a community using the example of Millstatt. Thesis. University of Klagenfurt, 2005.
- Gerhard Stawa: Millstatt 1773–1922: From fishing village to health resort. In: Franz Nikolasch (Ed.): Symposium on the history of Millstatt and Carinthia 2017. Proceedings. Millstatt 2017, p. 84–127 (60 illustrations).
- A large number of scientific contributions are published in the conference reports of the “Symposium on the History of Millstatt and Carinthia”, which has been held annually since 1981, and are among others. a. available in the Millstatt Abbey Museum .
Web links
- Market town of Millstatt
- 20620 - Millstatt am See. Community data, Statistics Austria .
- Millstatt Abbey Museum
- KUNSTradln in Millstatt
- Local history museum Obermillstatt
- Citizen Guard Millstatt
- K&K Hoffischer vom Millstätter See- Reinanken hosts
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b State Law Gazette No. 55/2012
- ↑ Austrian Heilbäder- and spas Association: Legally recognized health resorts (LK) and the climatic health resorts (HK) in Austria. (No longer available online.) July 2016, archived from the original on May 23, 2015 ; Retrieved July 20, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Alexander Glinz (Tmvm77): Impressions around Millstatt, DJI-S800 on Tour and Obermillstatt surroundings, DJI-S800 on air , 2013. Aerial photos (HDTV films) of Millstatt and surroundings.
- ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
- ↑ Some finds are exhibited in the Millstatt Abbey Museum.
- ^ Eberhard Kranzmayer: Place name book of Carinthia . Part II, 1958, p. 156 f.
- ↑ Found by the gravedigger Alois Auer vlg. Messner 1994. See Axel Huber : Obermillstatt: ceramics of the Laugen-Melaun type. In: Carinthia I. 190th year, 2000, pp. 470–471.
- ^ Joseph Mitterdorfer: Continuation of the Turkish invasions in Carinthia. In: Carinthia . 5th year, no. 31 . Publishers of the history society for Carinthia, Klagenfurt 1815 ( ÖNB digital p. 150 ).
- ↑ Maierbrugger 1989, p. 210.
- ↑ cf. Maierbrugger 1989, pp. 255-258.
- ↑ Award certificate in the Carinthian State Archives
- ↑ Millstatt, March 16. (Cattle market). In: Free Voices. German Kärntner Landes-Zeitung / Free votes. Southern German-Alpine daily newspaper. Deutsche Kärntner Landeszeitung , March 24, 1896, p. 5 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Maierbrugger 1989, p. 312.
- ↑ a b cf. Friedrich Koller: From the first guest to mass tourism. The influence of tourism on the change of people, the townscape and the ecology in a community using the example of Millstatt. ( Memento from May 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Diploma thesis, University of Klagenfurt, 2005.
- ↑ Entry from September 8, 1888, quoted in Koller, Vom Erste Gast zum Massentourismus, 2005.
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. aus_spittal.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Reopening of Millstatt diving platform. In: kaernten.ORF.at. August 2, 2019, accessed August 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Einödertal and Mühlstädtersee. In: Gabriele Goffriller (Ed.): Kyselak. Sketches of a foot trip through Austria. Salzburg, 2009, p. 126 f.
- ^ From Carinthia. In: Neuigkeits-Welt-Blatt , August 7, 1890, p. 2 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Maierbrugger 1989, p. 330.
- ↑ Ulfried Burz: From the fight for the Germans to the fight for the leader. The National Socialist Movement in Carinthia 1918–1933. Diss. Univ. Klagenfurt, 1995, p. 151. ( Online in the Google book search), accessed on December 8, 2012.
- ↑ Post commander Rev.-Insp. Forstnig: Report by the Millstatt Gendarmerie Post Command on the "Nazi occupation policy in Austria". Millstatt 1946. DÖW , act no. 8351. In: Kurt Bauer : Illegal National Socialism in Carinthia. Excerpts from unpublished manuscripts for the Red-White-Red Book. At www.kurt-bauer-geschichte.at (PDF; 120 kB), accessed on July 24, 2016.
- ↑ Norbert Regitnig-Tillian: The roots of the Hitler cult in Austria: Were Austrians the more radical Nazis? In: Profil, May 9, 2009, accessed on March 22, 2011 under [1] .
- ↑ Cf. from the political events of the years 1930–1950. In: Maierbrugger: The story of Millstatt. 1964, pp. 395-405.
- ↑ Koller, From the first guest to mass tourism
- ^ Kurt Bauer, Illegal National Socialism in Carinthia.
- ^ The storm troops in Carinthia. In: Salzburger Chronik. Tagblatt with the illustrated supplement “Austrian Week” , No. 173/1934 (LXX. Year), July 31, 1934, p. 2. (Online at ANNO ). .
- ↑ Details from Friedrich Koller, From the first guest to mass tourism.
- ↑ Christine Niedermayer: Interview with Hofrat Dr. Franz Burgstaller on November 28, 2011 ( Memento of the original from May 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 21 kB) , at www.seeboden.at , last accessed on December 26, 2012.
- ^ Kurt Bauer: Research project Die Österreichische Anhaltelager 1933–1938 Under: [2] , accessed on April 7, 2011.
- ^ Matthias Maierbrugger: History of Millstatt. P. 377.
- ↑ Notice. Discharge 1938. Call for position .. In: Alpenländische Rundschau. Non-political weekly for the entire Alpine countries / Alpenländische Rundschau , July 30, 1938, p. 11 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ a b Friedrich Koller: From the first guest to mass tourism, ( Memento from May 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Klagenfurt 2005.
- ↑ Hans Sampl among others: On the limnology of the Millstätter See. In: The Millstätter See. Klagenfurt 2008, pp. 65–84.
- ↑ Millstatt Town Council: Dear community citizens, dear young people! Leaflet to all households, beginning of August 2012.
- ↑ Marktgemeinde Millstatt: Chronicle of Tourism. July 2016, accessed July 24, 2016 .
- ↑ kaernten ORF.at : First Carinthian bathhouse opened. December 1, 2012, accessed July 25, 2016 .
- ↑ For a detailed list of events in the entire municipality, see natural disasters on Millstätter Berg .
- ↑ Axel Huber: Earthquake damage to the Millstätter Stiftskirche - Conclusions for its building history. In: History Association for Carinthia: Carinthia I. Journal for historical regional studies of Carinthia. Volume 192/2002, pp. 343-361.
- ↑ Richard Perger: The work of the Jesuit order in Millstatt. In: Studies on the history of Millstatt and Carinthia. Lectures at the Millstatt Symposia 1981–1995. Archive for patriotic history and topography, 78. Klagenfurt 1997, p. 542.
- ↑ a b c d Millstatt danger zone plan
- ↑ Exhibited in the Millstatt Local History Museum - Obermillstatt
- ^ School chronicle of the elementary school Obermillstatt exhibited in the local museum Millstatt - Obermillstatt
- ↑ NN: A whole campsite washed into the lake. The worst storm in memory over Millstatt and Pesenthein - 7 dead, 12 missing. In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . August 2, 1958, pp. 1 and 5, accessed September 27, 1958.
- ^ Kärntner Landesarchiv , Collective Archive History Association, F. 125, f. 565.
- ^ Quoted from Wilhelm Deuer: The Carinthian municipal coat of arms . Verlag des Kärntner Landesarchiv, Klagenfurt 2006, ISBN 3-900531-64-1 , p. 194.
- ↑ Statistics Austria : Arrivals, overnight stays or companies and beds in all reporting communities in the winter and summer seasons 2015 (download). July 2016, accessed July 26, 2016 .
- ↑ kaernten ORF.at : Millstatt pushes the mountain of debt. July 10, 2016, accessed November 18, 2018 .
- ↑ kaernten ORF.at : Millstatt: Trouble about the sale of property. November 30, 2013, accessed July 26, 2016 .
- ↑ Millstatt Citizens' Assembly: Is there a 24-hour parking fee? Retrieved February 3, 2020 .
- ↑ Free guide available at the Millstatt tourist office.
- ↑ The history of Villa Waldheim - originally Lizzlhof by Gerhard v. Stawa (1999).
- ↑ Millstatt Local History Museum - Obermillstatt
- ↑ see the homepage of ART SPACE Stift Millstatt , queried May 27, 2018.
- ↑ Homepage , accessed October 5, 2019.
- ↑ Information on the opening of the gallery , requested on May 27, 2018.
- ↑ Information on the “Mille Statuae” project , requested on May 27, 2018.
- ↑ Information about the symposium , requested on May 27, 2018.
- ↑ See the page “Artists in Millstatt am See” on the municipality's homepage , requested on May 27, 2018.
- ↑ millstaettersee.com: Millstatt Schluchtweg. July 11, 2011, accessed August 2, 2016 .
- ^ Helmut Hartl, Hans Sampl, Ralf Unkart: Treasures of Carinthia. National parks, nature reserves, landscape reserves, natural monuments . 2nd Edition. Kärntner Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Klagenfurt 1993, ISBN 3-85391-092-0 , p. 206.
- ^ Symposium on the history of Millstatt and Carinthia. Table of contents conference reports 1981–2016. Franz Nikolasch, accessed on March 10, 2018 .
Bad Kleinkirchheim | Baldramsdorf | Berg im Drautal | Dellach im Drautal | Flattach | Gmünd in Carinthia | Greifenburg | Großkirchheim | Heiligenblut am Großglockner | Irschen | Kleblach-Lind | Krems in Carinthia | Lendorf | Lurnfeld | Mallnitz | Malta | Millstatt am See | Mörtschach | Mühldorf | Oberdrauburg | Obervellach | Radenthein | Rangersdorf | Reisseck | Rennweg am Katschberg | Sachsenburg | Seeboden am Millstätter See | Spittal an der Drau | Stall | Steinfeld | Trebesing | Weissensee | Winklern