Irschen
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Irschen
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| coat of arms | Austria map | |
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| Basic data | ||
| Country: | Austria | |
| State : | Carinthia | |
| Political District : | Spittal an der Drau | |
| License plate : | SP | |
| Surface: | 33.43 km² | |
| Coordinates : | 46 ° 45 ' N , 13 ° 2' E | |
| Height : | 809 m above sea level A. | |
| Residents : | 1,966 (January 1, 2020) | |
| Population density : | 59 inhabitants per km² | |
| Postal code : | 9773 | |
| Area code : | 0 47 10 | |
| Community code : | 2 06 11 | |
| NUTS region | AT212 | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Irschen 41 9773 Irschen |
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| Website: | ||
| politics | ||
| Mayor : | Gottfried Mandler ( SPÖ ) | |
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Municipal Council : ( 2015 ) (19 members) |
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| Location of Irschen in the Spittal an der Drau district | ||
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| Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria | ||
Irschen is a municipality in the Spittal an der Drau district in Carinthia with 1966 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020).
geography
Irschen is located in the upper part of the Drautal , it is the penultimate place in Carinthia before the border with East Tyrol . The municipality is bordered by the Kreuzeck group in the north and the Gailtal Alps in the south . Irschen is 123 kilometers by road from Klagenfurt , 114 km from Udine in Friuli, 196 km from Salzburg , 203 km from Innsbruck and 385 km from Vienna .
Community structure
Irschen is divided into the three cadastral communities Irschen, Rittersdorf and Simmerlach. The municipality includes the following 15 localities (population in brackets as of January 1, 2020):
- Gloss (78)
- Griebitsch (37)
- Grofelhof (292)
- Back alleys (63)
- Irschen (418)
- Lepping (44)
- Mötschlach (76)
- Plowing (12)
- Poelland (93)
- Potschling (57)
- Rittersdorf (181)
- Schörstadt (78)
- Simmerlach (384)
- Stresweg (112)
- Weneberg (41)
Neighboring communities
| Rangersdorf | ||
| Oberdrauburg |
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Dellach in the Drautal |
| Kötschach-Mauthen |
history
Stone axes and bronze finds from the Hallstatt period are known from Potschling and are evidence of pre-Roman settlement. The topography alone suggests a hillside settlement on the Trenker Bichl, which may be the Celtic idunum . It can be assumed that Rome's first contacts with the Alpine Celts took place at a royal court in Irschen. The Etruscan and Venetian metal traders - copper from the Virgen Valley was particularly popular - had good relations with the Alpine Celts and will have paved the way for Rome. The shortest route to the Eastern Alps and Italy leads over the Plöckenpass . Irschen is also believed to be the prehistoric seat of the Celtic Ambidravi prince, Cincibilus .
Irschen was possibly mentioned as Ursen between 805 and 810 , when the Patriarch Ursus I of Aquileia (ruled 802-811) could have founded a first church here. A secure first mention of the fortress as "castrum Ursen" comes from the years 1081 to 1086.
The place name Irschen is of Romanic origin, it is possibly derived from the personal name Ursus (Latin for bear). Possibly this goes back to the "dux Ursus", a Roman commander-in-chief for the Noricum at the time of the Ostrogoth rule. With his wife Ursina, in fulfillment of a vow, he donated the famous mosaic floor in the cemetery church of Teurnia ( St. Peter in Wood ). Around 500, Virunum am Zollfeld was given up and the capital was relocated to Teurnia.
Under Ursus, in order to secure access to Italy, the strategic point in the Irschen area was expanded and the castrum Ursen was built . It can be assumed that the Roman road Via Julia Augusta coming from the Gailberg , ended at Potschling in the Drautal and there was a Roman road station. The river and valley crossing was monitored from the Burgbichl (in front of the boiler walls south of the Draubrücke). The Romans build a small barrel-like tower castle there from fired mud bricks. During the Longobard rule in northern Italy (6th - 8th centuries), the Drau was defined as the Italo-Norican border and a Longobard fortress was built on Burgbichl during this period. In relation to Stein Castle, which is still well preserved to the east of the Burgbichl on a rock pillar, the remaining fortress remains were also called old stone . The desire for the strategically important Drau and valley crossing at Potschling was probably 1252 with a motive for the battle of Greifenburg, between Meinhard III. von Gorizia and Philipp von Spanheim. In the Greifenburger Urbar from 1267/68 a Lemvaessel castle is mentioned - it would be a fitting name for the Roman complex on the Burgbichl. In 2016, an excavation team from the University of Innsbruck uncovered parts of a 1.4 meter wide enclosure wall, an early Christian church and a residential building on the Burgbichl from the fourth to seventh centuries.
With the rise of the Counts of Görz and the establishment of the Oberdrauburg toll station with a road connection to the Gailbergsattel , the road junction in Potschling and the castrum Ursen fell into disrepair. The demarcation of Mödritschbach - Drau - Wildgrabenbach initially forced the Görzer to maintain the Gailberg ascent via a byway (Rewischgrinne) of the old Via Julia Augusta with a Drau bridge west of the torrent, which can still be seen in the Franziszeischen cadastre.
In the meantime, mining was one of the largest sources of income in Irschen. The mining of gold was followed by silver , copper , iron and lead mining in Ranach, near St. Johann and in Scheinitz. During the period of metal mining, which has since ceased to be profitable, the villages of Weneberg, Leppen and Hintergassen, which are now part of the Irschen community, were created. The miner stone described in the community chronicle is related to gold mining, its origin could be from Celtic times. It is a mighty flat stone (tonalite porphyrite) with mysterious stone carvings . Its location at 2100 m above sea level in the depression under the Rotwiland, a secondary peak to the Scharnik in the Kreuzeck group, in the middle of the spoil heaps of the old gold mine, may be related to the gold affair "among the Noric Tauris " mentioned by the ancient historian Polybius . With the shape of a cupped hand he points to SSW and is himself on this visor: Rotwiland - Huber Bichl (presumed princely grave) - Parish church - Trenker Bichl (polis Idunum?) - Drauübergang - Burgbichl - Adamskopf. The recently scientifically examined, inscribed stone slab from Lake Alkuser in Ainet / East Tyrol bears name inscriptions, mostly Volt names, an Ursinus, and is dated to the 1st to 3rd century. They are Venetian Celtic names. The name Volt is also found on the "Knappenstein" and Irschen is derived from Ursus / Ursinus. It has not yet been possible to clarify whether the two found objects and sites are related to one another.
In terms of church history, the early Franconian grave slab walled in next to the church entrance (6th / 7th centuries) and the only patronage of St. Dionysius in Carinthia (main saint of the Gauls - Bishop of Paris, died a martyr around 250), refer to the post-Roman Franconian Supremacy. The Romanesque baptismal font now in the vestibule was originally located in the baptistery below the old rectory, probably one of the earliest in Carinthia.
The lower room of the church in Carinthia 1895, interpreted by FG Hann as a crypt, could also have been a mithraium - the association with the bronze coin of Kotys II (123 / 124-132 / 133), King of the Bosporan Empire, found in the surrounding cemetery by the gravedigger , speaks for it. The Mithras cult was brought from Persia by the Roman soldiers during this time. The Mithraeum, the pre-Christian cult site, was probably built over with Christianity in Irschen and thus led to the parish church's exposed site. The legend about the location of the church can also be traced back to it, but it no longer reveals the real historical reference, “skims” it.
The church can be found in the original parish district on the extreme eastern edge of the area in the Drautal between Mödritschbach / Irschen and Gödnacherbach near Dölsach. Willibigis, the daughter of Count Wolfrad von Treffen, is considered to be the founder of the church. She brought the part of the former Lurngau west of the Mödritschbach and the castles Ursen, Lengberg and Matrei into marriage with Count Heinrich III. von Lechsgemünd (1145-1214) a. Accordingly, the founding of the church is to be assumed towards the end of the 12th century (it is noticeable that the bell tower stands in the west - so it could have been the campanile of an early Christian church, which can be assumed due to the remains of wall found in the garden to the former baptistery ).
Presumably at the same time, the Stein Castle opposite, south of the Drau, was built by Count Heinrich III. (now by Lechsgemünd and Matrei) rebuilt and manned by a castle caretaker and ministerial officer (toll lock) he knew. In Konstein / Upper Bavaria, the noble free Chuno de Lapide (Kuno von Stein) is named as the fiefdom holder of the protective castle of the Counts of Lechsgemünd, which is located on a rock cone. Haidenrichs de Lapide is named as the owner of Stein Castle in 1190, the parallel shows, probably a relative of Chuno de Lapide. The palace renovation was probably carried out by Heinrich III. to rename it to “stone” and the predecessor complex was the “Lemvaessel” castle that could not be found / “located near Greifenburg and can no longer be identified”.
The Stein Castle is known for its double chapel (floor chapel) built in the former tower and the vault paintings by the painter Simon von Taisten , who comes from the Puster Valley . The two chapels are consecrated to St. Valentine and St. Martin - both popular Franconian saints. Also worth mentioning is a particularly colorful certificate of indulgence for Schloss Stein bei Irschen, issued in Avignon in 1334 - the oldest and most noteworthy of the illustrated letters of indulgence in the Carinthian regional archive. The patron saint Pankratius named therein corresponds to the previous chapel - Nepomuk, known as the bridge saint, can be found in the nearby chapel at Potschling. The location of this chapel does not correspond to a village chapel, it will be due to a cult site in the Roman Loncium. Here at the road junction was the main customs station for goods traffic from the province of Noricum to the core province of Italia, and it was customary for the Roman customs tenants to set up altars at such stations.
The Tauern crossings gathered here at the traditional junction and led over the Gailbergsattel and the Plöckenpass to the Adriatic and by sea to the Orient and Egypt. It will be the oldest settlement in the Upper Carinthia / East Tyrol area. Julius Caesar had the existing Keltenweg to Eisenstrasse up to the Görtschitztal to Noric iron, which he valued for the manufacture of weapons, expanded. It was not until 50 AD, when Noricum became a Roman province with the capital Virunum am Zollfeld, that the route through the Canal Valley to Aquileia, which was three days shorter, was expanded. During excavations in Willersdorf am Zollfeld, a piece of the early iron road coming from Irschen, the then Celtic Idunum, and leading into the Görtschitztal valley was exposed. Thereby one came across a Celtic settlement destroyed by a catastrophic flood - the Gurk flowed onto the Zollfeld. The end of the Celtic era in Carinthia can be linked to this pre-Christian flood disaster - Rome annexed the country.
In 1850, Irschen was constituted as a local community, which was enlarged in 1923 to include the village of Pflügl.
The first tourist businesses opened in Irschen in the middle of the 19th century, and (summer) tourism has developed into an important economic factor in the community to this day (approx. 55,000 overnight stays per year).
Population development
At the time of the 2001 census, Irschen had 2,080 inhabitants, 98.4% of whom were Austrian citizens . 97.0% of the population confessed to the Roman Catholic and 1.4% to the Protestant Church, 0.5% were without religious belief. At the turn of the millennium, the community reached a maximum of 2,080 people. Since then the population has been falling because the migration balance is very negative and can not be offset by the positive birth balance.
politics
The municipal council has 19 members.
- With the municipal council and mayoral elections in Carinthia in 2003, the municipal council had the following distribution: 10 SPÖ, 7 ÖVP, and 2 others.
- With the municipal council and mayoral elections in Carinthia in 2009 , the municipal council had the following distribution: 8 SPÖ, 7 ÖVP, and 4 BZÖ.
- With the municipal council and mayoral elections in Carinthia in 2015 , the municipal council has the following distribution: 10 SPÖ, 7 ÖVP, and 2 FPÖ.
- mayor
- since ? Gottfried Mandler (SPÖ)
Culture and sights
- Catholic parish church Irschen hl. Dionysus
- Catholic branch church St. Johann im Walde
- Catholic branch church Rittersdorf
- Catholic branch church Potschling Christ Salvator
- Catholic branch church Simmerlach hl. Anna
traffic
In the south of the municipality, the Drautal Straße (B 100 / E 66) and the Drautalbahn (Irschen station) connect the municipality with Lienz in the west and Spittal an der Drau in the east.
education
There is a kindergarten and a primary school in Irschen.
coat of arms
The municipal coat of arms of Irschen alludes to the origin of the name of the place and the municipality (from ursus , Latin for bear), the red ball to a - not entirely credible - anecdote from rural working life: it is said to have been the custom around 1820 that When pulling the hay from the mountain pasture, the last puller let a rope or a chain with a ball run after it, so that any bear that might appear (in earlier times bears were quite common in Carinthia) would be distracted from the workers. Although this story was viewed with great skepticism by the editors of the Carinthian State Archives, who were commissioned to create the coat of arms, the red ball was included in the municipal coat of arms. The golden shield ground stands for the earlier gold mining in the area of the Fundkofel.
The coat of arms and flag were awarded to Irschen on October 8, 1963, the blazon of the coat of arms reads: "In gold over a green shield base an upright black bear with a red ball in his right paw." The flag is black, yellow and green incorporated coat of arms.
Personalities
- Benedict Alphons von Emperger (1711–1788), lawyer and sovereign magistrate
- Claudio Hassler , soccer goalie
- Christian Hassler , soccer goalie
- Dominic Hassler (* 1981), soccer player
- Selina Heregger (* 1977), ski racer
- Andreas Kristler (* 1990), ice hockey player
- Gerhard Oberschlick (* 1942), Austrian publicist
Web links
- Irschen community
- 20611 - Irschen. Community data, Statistics Austria .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
- ↑ a b Gerhard Schnorr: Irschen. A community chronicle , Klagenfurt 1975
- ↑ Discovered Römerstrasse above Irschen. An empty excavation by Innsbruck University uncovered a hillside settlement south of the Drau. Dietmar Simoner provided the initial spark. ORF regional studio Carinthia, report from July 23, 2016 , a variant under the same title in: Kleine Zeitung, Klagenfurt on August 10, 2016 - both accessed on February 15, 2017.
- ↑ researches in the castle in Bichl deer. University of Innsbruck, accessed on August 3, 2017 .
- ^ Statistics Austria, population census, demographic data. May 15, 2001, accessed March 3, 2019 .
- ^ Statistics Austria, A look at the community of Irschen, population development. Retrieved March 3, 2019 .
- ^ Quoted from Wilhelm Deuer: The Carinthian municipal coat of arms . Verlag des Kärntner Landesarchivs, Klagenfurt 2006, ISBN 3-900531-64-1 , p. 144
Bad Kleinkirchheim | Baldramsdorf | Berg im Drautal | Dellach im Drautal | Flattach | Gmünd in Carinthia | Greifenburg | Großkirchheim | Heiligenblut am Großglockner | Irschen | Kleblach-Lind | Krems in Carinthia | Lendorf | Lurnfeld | Mallnitz | Malta | Millstatt am See | Mörtschach | Mühldorf | Oberdrauburg | Obervellach | Radenthein | Rangersdorf | Reisseck | Rennweg am Katschberg | Sachsenburg | Seeboden am Millstätter See | Spittal an der Drau | Stall | Steinfeld | Trebesing | Weissensee | Winklern