Neukirchen near the Holy Blood

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the Neukirchen market near the Holy Blood
Neukirchen near the Holy Blood
Map of Germany, position of the Neukirchen market highlighted by the Holy Blood

Coordinates: 49 ° 16 '  N , 12 ° 58'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Palatinate
County : Cham
Height : 485 m above sea level NHN
Area : 59.88 km 2
Residents: 3696 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 62 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 93453
Area code : 09947
License plate : CHA, KÖZ, ROD , WÜM
Community key : 09 3 72 144
LOCODE : DE NH3
Market structure: 31 districts

Market administration address : 		Marktplatz 2
93453 Neukirchen b. Holy Blood
Website : www.neukirchen.bayern
Mayor : Markus Müller ( CSU )
Location of the Neukirchen market near the Holy Blood in the Cham district
Lohberg (Bayern) Lam Arrach Hohenwarth (Landkreis Cham) Grafenwiesen Neukirchen beim Heiligen Blut Eschlkam Furth im Wald Gleißenberg Arnschwang Bad Kötzting Rimbach (Oberpfalz) Blaibach Waldmünchen Treffelstein Tiefenbach (Oberpfalz) Rötz Schönthal (Oberpfalz) Weiding (Landkreis Cham) Chamerau Miltach Willmering Stamsried Pösing Zandt Traitsching Chamerau Runding Cham (Oberpfalz) Pemfling Waffenbrunn Schorndorf (Oberpfalz) Michelsneukirchen Roding Walderbach Reichenbach (Landkreis Cham) Rettenbach (Oberpfalz) Falkenstein (Oberpfalz) Zell (Oberpfalz) Wald (Oberpfalz) Tschechien Landkreis Schwandorf Landkreis Regen Landkreis Straubing-Bogen Landkreis Regensburgmap
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Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / market
Neukirchen near the Holy Blood

Neukirchen bei Heiligen Blut (officially: Neukirchen b.Hl.Blut , also colloquially : Neukirchen Heiligblut ) is a market in the Upper Palatinate district of Cham and a well-known place of pilgrimage in the Bavarian Forest .

geography

Geographical location

Neukirchen bei Heiligen Blut is located within the Hohenbogenwinkel between Markt Eschlkam and Markt Lam on the Czech border.

Community structure

Neukirchen bei Heiligen Blut has 31 districts:

There are the districts of Atzlern, Kolmstein, Neukirchen bei Heiligen Blut, Rittsteig, Vorderbuchberg and Warzenried. The latter district has been shared with the northern neighboring municipality of Eschlkam since the municipality of Warzenried was dissolved .

history

Until the church is planted

The earliest documented mention of the town of Neukirchen dates from 1301; In 1377 the community was given market rights by Duke Albrecht of Bavaria . Neukirchen was a nursing office and belonged to the Straubing Rent Office of the Electorate of Bavaria . Neukirchen had a market court with its own magistrate rights. In the course of the administrative reforms in Bavaria , today's municipality was created with the municipal edict of 1818 .

Walching

The village of Walching , formerly located outside of Neukirchen, was incorporated as early as the 1950s; it is separated from Neukirchen by a hill, which was formerly called the “ meat bank ”, as the weekly butcher's market took place there. However, this has been largely forgotten in the meantime, and the locals only differentiate between the "upper" (Neukirchen) and the "lower" market (Walching), whereby the name market is reminiscent of the former market rights.

Incorporations

On January 1, 1971, the previously independent community of Atzlern was incorporated. Vorderbuchberg followed on July 1, 1971. On May 1, 1978 Rittsteig and part of the former Warzenried community were added.

Population development

Between 1988 and 2018 the population fell from 4,157 to 3,700 by 457 inhabitants or by 11%.

politics

Municipal council

The market town council has 16 members and an honorary mayor .

  • Christian Social Union (CSU) 5 seats
  • Social Democratic Party Germany-Party-Free Citizens (SPD-Party Free) 4 seats
  • Christian independent voter community Neuk. (CUW) 2 seats
  • Independent voters, non-partisan and Christian (UW) 3 seats
  • Free voters of the old community Atzlern (Altgde.Atzlern) 2 seats

(Status: local election on March 15, 2020)

mayor

  • 1st Mayor: Markus Müller (CSU)
  • 2nd Mayor: Thomas Schreiner (CSU)
  • 3rd Mayor: Franz Altmann (UW)

coat of arms

The description reads: In blue, a single-towered silver church in side view, on it gold crosses. The coat of arms has been known since 1420: Duke Johanns von Straubing-Holland's (lost) coat of arms privilege around 1420, which refers to the granting of market rights in 1377. The coat of arms privilege was renewed in 1456.

Churches

Pilgrimage church

The history of the pilgrimage in Neukirchen has its origins in a host pilgrimage. In the legend, the date for this is given as the beginning of the 15th century. At that time, a chapel was built on site. A Hussite tried to destroy a statue of Mary with a sword thrust, a peasant woman from the Bohemian village here around 1420 Loučim brought from the local church here in safety. A blood-like liquid flowed from the head of the statue, whereupon the addition “to the holy blood” became common for the place with the growing importance of pilgrimage in the 16th century. For the calculation of the anniversary, the time 1450 for the sacrilege on the statue of Mary and the beginning of the pilgrimage was set later.

  • West view of the pilgrimage church

  • North elevation

  • Interior of the pilgrimage church

  • South view of the pilgrimage church

  • Sanctuary

  • Pilgrimage souvenirs

  • Complete pilgrimage church

After the collapse of the tower of the Nikolauskirche (market church) in 1614, the parish rights were transferred to the new pilgrimage church. From this point on, Duke Maximilian I arranged for the existing pilgrimage chapel to be converted into a church. After the construction of the monastery in 1659, the Regensburg Bishop Guidobald von Thun and Hohenstein allowed the monastery church to be added in 1667. The result was the unique double altar that connects the pilgrimage church and the monastery church. In 1699 the bell tower was completed. The church received its current form in 1719/1720. An extensive renovation began in 1750 for the 300th anniversary of the pilgrimage. Until the celebration in 1752, the high altar was created by an Augsburg goldsmith.

Nikolauskirche (Market Church)

It was built in the first half of the 13th century. This gave the original settlement of Walching (Unterer Markt) the name Neukirchen. With the construction of the church, the Obere Markt was also created. The construction of fortifications began in the 14th century. Due to constant disputes between Bavaria and Bohemia, the fortified fortified church of Neukirchen near the Holy Blood was created . In 1614 the church tower collapsed and was never rebuilt. Today's market tower was built around 1370 and had battlements so that it could be used as a fortification. In the 17th century it received a dome structure and the bells of the collapsed church tower were housed there.

The care lock was integrated into the fortified church with the market survey in 1377. Nursing officers from the state administration were housed here. The electoral keepers ended their service in 1764. In the following time the market tried to buy the castle to house the school. In 1803 the purchase and renovation took place.

When the school moved to the newly built schoolhouse in 1906, the Nikolausverein e. V. the former nursing home and built a nurses' home there (St. Nikolausheim). The nuns of the Dillingen Franciscan Sisters ran a kindergarten, a work school, an outpatient nursing facility and later also took in orphans.

After the home was closed in 1984 and the building was renovated, the pilgrimage museum was opened in the nursing home in 1992. During the renovation work, remains of the fortified church and the fortifications were found behind the castle .

Franciscan monastery (monastery church)

As early as the beginning of the 17th century, Franciscan fathers from Cham regularly helped to look after the large number of pilgrims. In 1658 permission was obtained for a monastery and in 1659 the Franciscan monastery was built and occupied within the same year. A small monastery church was added to the rear of the pilgrimage church. With the establishment of the water supply through a fountain parlor, a brewery could also be operated.

From 1708 to 1721 the north wing was repaired and added. A lecture hall was created and the library, which had grown through various donations since the monastery was founded, was expanded. This comprises around 8,000 volumes from the 16th to the 20th century. From 1723 to 1744, their own offspring studied philosophy here. The Franciscan monastery was the only one in the diocese of Regensburg to survive the secularization from 1800. The house was designated as an extinction monastery to accommodate priests who could not be expelled.

From 1908 to 1930 Father Epictet Ketterer worked in the monastery. During this time he worked on the first monastery and local chronicle. From the originally planned 4-part work, only the first volume “Neukirchen b. Holy Blood then and now ”. In 1916 he founded a public library.

From 1992 to 1996 the monastery was extensively renovated. From 2000 to 2003 the cross-border pilgrimage and meeting center was set up in the unused north wing. As part of the renovation work, the monastery garden was redesigned according to the historical model and made accessible to the public. On July 19, 2012, the parish acquired the entire monastery complex from the Free State of Bavaria.

Architectural monuments

Economy and Infrastructure

Jobs

In 2017 there were 858 jobs subject to social security contributions in the municipality. Of the resident population, 1,453 people were in employment that was subject to compulsory insurance. This means that the number of out-commuters was 595 more than that of in-commuters. 52 residents were unemployed.

Agriculture

In 2016 there were 104 farms. Of the community area, 2,266 hectares were used for agriculture and 2,910 hectares were forest.

traffic

Neukirchen has no autobahn or federal highways connection; State road 2154 and district roads CHA 43, 44 and 46 lead through Neukirchen . The next train station is Furth im Wald .

education

  • Elementary school Neukirchen with 100 students (school year 2018/19)
  • Middle school Neukirchen with 72 students (school year 2018/19)
  • Day care center “St. Nikolaus "(kindergarten and crèche) with 92 places and 100 children (as of March 1, 2018)
  • Community library

Established businesses

The electronics Zollner AG has a branch in Neukirchen.

The Neukirchen Special Clinic is an acute clinic with 140 beds and specializes in the treatment of allergies, skin and environmental diseases.

In addition to religious arts and crafts, tourism is an important employer.

Personalities

Web links

Commons : Neukirchen bei Heiligen Blut  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ Community Neukirchen bei Heiligen Blut in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bavarian State Library, accessed on August 16, 2020.
  3. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 500 .
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 643 and 644 .
  5. ^ A b c Mathilde Baumann: Neukirchen b.Hl.Blut - market and pilgrimage at Hohenbogen Verlag Morsak, 1978
  6. ↑ a b c Ludwig Baumann: Neukirchen b.Hl.Blut - History in Pictures Verlag Attenkofer, 2012
  7. ↑ Tobias Bognitschar: The pilgrimage to Neukirchen near the Holy Blood as a topic of the interdisciplinary teaching in the 7th grade of the secondary school University of Regensburg, Institute for History, approval work year 2002, Chair for Didactic History
  8. ^ House for sowing - cross-border pilgrimage, meeting and environmental education center at the Franciscan monastery in Neukirchen b. Holy Blood . Retrieved August 24, 2012.
  9. ↑ Neukirchen primary school in the school database of the Bavarian State Ministry for Education and Culture , accessed on August 16, 2020.
  10. ↑ Middle school in the school database of the Bavarian State Ministry for Education and Culture , accessed on August 16, 2020.